diff --git a/apps/filmcraft-cli/src/main.rs b/apps/filmcraft-cli/src/main.rs
index d0028195d..830ab1db0 100644
--- a/apps/filmcraft-cli/src/main.rs
+++ b/apps/filmcraft-cli/src/main.rs
@@ -195,7 +195,8 @@ impl Backend {
             // this process exits after the command, so a background export would never be written:
             // long commands wait unless the caller says otherwise (#2342)
             Backend::Local(s) => {
-                if filmcraft_automation::long_job::LONG_COMMANDS.contains(&id)
+                // mask tracking is applied when its job finishes, which this process never sees (#3302)
+                if (filmcraft_automation::long_job::LONG_COMMANDS.contains(&id) || id == "masks.track")
                     && let Some(p) = params.as_object_mut()
                 {
                     // anything but an explicit `false` (missing, null, a typo'd value) waits
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/commands.rs b/crates/engine/src/commands.rs
index 9088e8509..f29685530 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/commands.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/commands.rs
@@ -1466,6 +1466,7 @@ fn build() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
         // ================= File =================
         cmd!("file.newProject", "Project…", ["File", "New"], Some("Cmd+Alt+N"), r#"{"name":str}"#, always, |s, p| {
             let name = str_p(p, "name").unwrap_or("Untitled").to_string();
+            crate::masks::discard_jobs(s);
             s.project = std::sync::Arc::new(filmcraft_project::Project::new(&name));
             s.project_instance = std::sync::Arc::new(());
             s.document_epoch = s.document_epoch.wrapping_add(1);
@@ -5182,7 +5183,7 @@ fn schema_backup_path(path: &str, schema: u32) -> String {
 }
 
 /// Make `proj` the session's project (fresh history, media pool and editor state).
-fn install_project(s: &mut Session, proj: filmcraft_project::Project, path: Option<String>, clean: bool) {
+pub(crate) fn install_project(s: &mut Session, proj: filmcraft_project::Project, path: Option<String>, clean: bool) {
     let proxies = s.media.use_proxies();
     s.media = std::sync::Arc::new(crate::MediaPool::default());
     s.media.set_use_proxies(proxies);
@@ -5215,6 +5216,7 @@ fn open_project(s: &mut Session, path: &str) -> Result<Value> {
     let bytes = s.services.read_file(path).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(format!("{path}: {e}")))?;
     let loaded = filmcraft_format::decode(&bytes).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(format!("{path}: {e}")))?;
     let (from, migrated) = (loaded.schema_version, loaded.migrated());
+    crate::masks::discard_jobs(s);
     install_project(s, loaded.project, Some(path.to_string()), true);
     if let Some(view) = loaded.view.filter(|_| s.prefs.timeline.restore_open_sequences) {
         s.restore_project_view(view);
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/lib.rs b/crates/engine/src/lib.rs
index 153529648..56d05b708 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/lib.rs
@@ -771,6 +771,11 @@ impl Session {
     /// Run a command by id.
     pub fn execute(&mut self, id: &str, params: Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let spec = commands::find(id).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::UnknownCommand(id.to_string()))?;
+        // headless sessions (CLI, MCP, control channel) have no UI frame loop calling
+        // `poll_persistence`: apply background mask tracking before each command (#3302)
+        if self.exec_depth == 0 && !self.mask_jobs.is_empty() {
+            masks::poll(self);
+        }
         let journal = spec.journal && !commands::reports_only(id, &params);
         if self.exec_depth == 0 && journal && self.trim_play.active() {
             self.settle_trim_playback(id);
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/masks.rs b/crates/engine/src/masks.rs
index e18d7e5a1..bdff28fdc 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/masks.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/masks.rs
@@ -603,6 +603,8 @@ pub struct PendingTrack {
     /// (media time, path) in tracking order.
     pub keys: Arc<Mutex<Vec<(Tick, MaskPath)>>>,
     applied: usize,
+    /// `Session::document_epoch` when the job started; a different value means the project was replaced.
+    epoch: u64,
 }
 
 /// Longest side of the frames the tracker works on (speed; the result is in clip pixels).
@@ -722,7 +724,7 @@ fn track(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     };
     let run = crate::export_tools::guard_job(job.progress.clone(), job.result.clone(), run);
     s.jobs.push(job);
-    s.mask_jobs.push(PendingTrack { job: id, target: MaskSel { clip, effect: ei, mask: mi }, seq: seq_id, keys, applied: 0 });
+    s.mask_jobs.push(PendingTrack { job: id, target: MaskSel { clip, effect: ei, mask: mi }, seq: seq_id, keys, applied: 0, epoch: s.document_epoch });
     let wait = crate::commands::bool_p(p, "wait").unwrap_or(false);
     if wait || cfg!(target_arch = "wasm32") {
         run();
@@ -738,13 +740,33 @@ fn lock<T>(m: &Mutex<T>) -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'_, T> {
     m.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
 }
 
+/// Cancel and drop every pending tracking job. Called when the project is replaced, so a job started
+/// on the old project can never write its result into the new one.
+pub fn discard_jobs(s: &mut Session) {
+    use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+    for pj in std::mem::take(&mut s.mask_jobs) {
+        if let Some(j) = s.jobs.iter().find(|j| j.id == pj.job) {
+            j.progress.cancel.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Write newly tracked paths as Mask Path keyframes (one merged undo step per tracking job) and
-/// drop finished jobs. Called from [`Session::poll_persistence`] (once per UI frame) and after
-/// synchronous runs.
+/// drop finished jobs. Called from [`Session::poll_persistence`] (once per UI frame), before each
+/// top-level [`Session::execute`] (headless sessions) and after synchronous runs.
 pub fn poll(s: &mut Session) {
     use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
     let mut i = 0;
     while i < s.mask_jobs.len() {
+        if s.mask_jobs[i].epoch != s.document_epoch {
+            // the project was replaced under the job: its result belongs to a document that is gone
+            s.error_toast("masks.track", "the project was replaced; mask tracking stopped");
+            if let Some(j) = s.jobs.iter().find(|j| j.id == s.mask_jobs[i].job) {
+                j.progress.cancel.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            s.mask_jobs.remove(i);
+            continue;
+        }
         let finished = s.jobs.iter().find(|j| j.id == s.mask_jobs[i].job).is_none_or(|j| j.progress.finished.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
         let new: Vec<(Tick, MaskPath)> = {
             let pj = &s.mask_jobs[i];
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/masks_tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/masks_tests.rs
index 7c538c28d..c65a52916 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/masks_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/masks_tests.rs
@@ -435,3 +435,85 @@ fn move_vertex_moves_a_list_of_vertices_together() {
     s.undo();
     assert_eq!(pts(&mut s), before);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn background_tracking_is_applied_without_a_ui_frame_loop() {
+    // headless sessions (CLI, MCP) never call `poll_persistence`: commands alone must apply the job (#3302)
+    let (mut s, _) = tracking_session();
+    let c = truth(0.0).apply(filmcraft_geom::Vec2::ZERO);
+    s.execute("masks.add", json!({"effect": "opacity", "shape": "ellipse", "center": [c.x, c.y], "size": [90, 90]})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("masks.track", json!({"direction": "forward", "frames": 6})).unwrap();
+    let job = r["job"].clone();
+    let t0 = std::time::Instant::now();
+    loop {
+        let jobs = s.execute("jobs.list", json!({})).unwrap();
+        let done = jobs.as_array().unwrap().iter().any(|j| j["id"] == job && j["finished"] == true);
+        if done || t0.elapsed().as_secs() > 60 {
+            break;
+        }
+        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(5));
+    }
+    let l = s.execute("masks.list", json!({})).unwrap();
+    let keys = l["masks"][0]["pathKeyframes"].as_array().unwrap().len();
+    assert_eq!(keys, 7, "{l}");
+    assert!(s.mask_jobs.is_empty());
+    s.execute("masks.track", json!({"direction": "forward", "frames": 2, "wait": true})).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn replacing_the_project_drops_pending_tracking_jobs() {
+    // a job started on the old project must not write into the new one
+    let (mut s, _) = tracking_session();
+    let c = truth(0.0).apply(filmcraft_geom::Vec2::ZERO);
+    s.execute("masks.add", json!({"effect": "opacity", "shape": "ellipse", "center": [c.x, c.y], "size": [90, 90]})).unwrap();
+    let job = s.execute("masks.track", json!({"direction": "forward"})).unwrap()["job"].clone();
+    assert_eq!(s.mask_jobs.len(), 1);
+    s.execute("file.newProject", json!({"name": "Fresh"})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.mask_jobs.is_empty(), "stale job survived file.newProject");
+    for _ in 0..20 {
+        s.poll_persistence();
+        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(5));
+    }
+    assert!(s.mask_jobs.is_empty());
+    let h = s.execute("history.list", json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(!h["undo"].as_array().unwrap().iter().any(|v| v == "Track Mask"), "{h}");
+    // the new project has no masks and no Mask Path keyframes
+    if let Ok(l) = s.execute("masks.list", json!({})) {
+        assert!(l["masks"].as_array().is_none_or(|m| m.is_empty()), "{l}");
+    }
+    let project = serde_json::to_string(&*s.project).unwrap().to_lowercase();
+    assert!(!project.contains("mask"), "stale mask data in new project");
+    let jobs = s.execute("jobs.list", json!({})).unwrap();
+    let j = jobs.as_array().unwrap().iter().find(|j| j["id"] == job).unwrap().clone();
+    assert!(j["cancelled"] == true || j["finished"] == true, "{j}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn every_project_replacing_path_drops_pending_tracking_jobs() {
+    // the epoch check covers paths that never call `discard_jobs`: recover (`install_project`), demo, close, template
+    let tpl = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("filmcraft-mask-epoch-{}.fcproj", std::process::id())).to_string_lossy().to_string();
+    for path in ["recover", "demo", "close", "template"] {
+        let (mut s, _) = tracking_session();
+        s.execute("file.saveAsTemplate", json!({"path": tpl})).unwrap();
+        let c = truth(0.0).apply(filmcraft_geom::Vec2::ZERO);
+        s.execute("masks.add", json!({"effect": "opacity", "shape": "ellipse", "center": [c.x, c.y], "size": [90, 90]})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("masks.track", json!({"direction": "forward"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.mask_jobs.len(), 1);
+        match path {
+            "recover" => crate::commands::install_project(&mut s, filmcraft_project::Project::new("Recovered"), None, false),
+            "demo" => drop(s.execute("file.openDemoProject", json!({})).unwrap()),
+            "close" => drop(s.execute("file.closeProject", json!({"force": true})).unwrap()),
+            _ => drop(s.execute("file.newProjectFromTemplate", json!({"template": tpl, "force": true})).unwrap()),
+        }
+        for _ in 0..20 {
+            s.poll_persistence();
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(5));
+        }
+        assert!(s.mask_jobs.is_empty(), "stale job survived {path}");
+        let h = s.execute("history.list", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert!(!h["undo"].as_array().unwrap().iter().any(|v| v == "Track Mask"), "{path}: {h}");
+        let project = serde_json::to_string(&*s.project).unwrap();
+        assert!(!project.contains("pathKeyframes") && !project.to_lowercase().contains("\"masks\":[{"), "{path}: stale mask data");
+    }
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&tpl);
+}