diff --git a/apps/pdfcraft-cli/src/commands.rs b/apps/pdfcraft-cli/src/commands.rs
index 86b31bafd3..1df3cf8789 100644
--- a/apps/pdfcraft-cli/src/commands.rs
+++ b/apps/pdfcraft-cli/src/commands.rs
@@ -387,6 +387,14 @@ pub(crate) fn render(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), CliError> {
     // The renderer takes only the user password of R2–R4 files; `Session::open` and the display
     // copy take either.
     let render_password = pdfcraft_engine::render_password_for(bytes.clone(), password);
+    // A page image is an image taken out of the document, as a snapshot or Export is in the app:
+    // like `text`, it needs the document to allow copying (or the permissions password).
+    let mut session = pdfcraft_engine::Session::new();
+    if let Some(doc) = session.open(path, None, bytes.clone(), password).ok().and_then(|id| session.get(id)) {
+        doc.check_copying().map_err(
+            |_| "render: the document's permissions don't allow copying its pages as images; pass the owner password with --password to render it",
+        )?;
+    }
     let display = if inspect(bytes.clone(), render_password.as_deref()).is_ok_and(|info| info.xfa == Some(pdfcraft_render::Xfa::Dynamic)) {
         let mut session = pdfcraft_engine::Session::new();
         let id = session.open(path, None, bytes, password).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
diff --git a/apps/pdfcraft-cli/tests/it/owner_password.rs b/apps/pdfcraft-cli/tests/it/owner_password.rs
index 6796980982..5a3e061728 100644
--- a/apps/pdfcraft-cli/tests/it/owner_password.rs
+++ b/apps/pdfcraft-cli/tests/it/owner_password.rs
@@ -130,6 +130,12 @@ fn render_accepts_the_owner_password() {
                 .output()
                 .unwrap();
             let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr);
+            if pw == "user" {
+                // The user password opens it, but a page image is a copy the permissions forbid.
+                assert!(!out.status.success() && stderr.contains("don't allow copying"), "{alg:?} with {pw:?}: {stderr}");
+                assert!(!png.exists(), "{alg:?}: no image is written");
+                continue;
+            }
             assert!(out.status.success(), "{alg:?} with {pw:?}: {stderr}");
             assert_rendered_page(&std::fs::read(&png).unwrap(), DPI, &format!("{alg:?} with {pw:?}"));
         }