diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md
index 283d7d7dff..1de46b4b4d 100644
--- a/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/ROADMAP.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 **Stage: alpha** · next: beta, ~13 points (ready for real work ~62% → ~75%, and reliable `.ai` exchange) and ~170–270 h away
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-10 · **Change:** minor (docs tidy-up, no content change: stray notes at the top moved into the revision table; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Raster effects 85% → 88%, gallery thumbnails and in-dialog preview in; headline numbers unchanged; Symbols area ~87% → ~88%: dynamic instance parts take opacity, blend, gradient and pattern on the canvas; G5 docs sync for Overlap and Pattern auto corners; previously minor: Tools stays beside the canvas with left-side panels; Hindi catalog draft complete under the translation tests; contributor loanword terminology reviewed; wider proofreading welcome; Compound Shapes add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; Contour add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; new gradients follow document color mode; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-14 · **Change:** minor (Tech Circuit brush library, G5; previously: docs tidy-up, no content change: stray notes at the top moved into the revision table; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Raster effects 85% → 88%, gallery thumbnails and in-dialog preview in; headline numbers unchanged; Symbols area ~87% → ~88%: dynamic instance parts take opacity, blend, gradient and pattern on the canvas; G5 docs sync for Overlap and Pattern auto corners; previously minor: Tools stays beside the canvas with left-side panels; Hindi catalog draft complete under the translation tests; contributor loanword terminology reviewed; wider proofreading welcome; Compound Shapes add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; Contour add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; new gradients follow document color mode; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
 
 VectorCraft is a clean-room, open-source, pure-Rust reimplementation of the Adobe Illustrator workflow. It runs
 on macOS, Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and the web (WASM), and agents can drive all of it over MCP, the CLI and a JSON
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ Ranked; detail in [docs/roadmap.md](docs/roadmap.md) and [docs/gaps.md](docs/gap
 ## Progress log
 
 - 2026-11-14: Built-in symbol library Weather Icons: adds a sixth procedural symbol library (Window › Symbol Libraries, the Symbols panel's Symbol Libraries Menu) containing six original vector symbols (Sun, Moon, Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Snow) generated in code without default 9-slice guides (part of Gap 5). Headline numbers unchanged.
+- 2026-11-14: Built-in Tech Circuit brush library: Circuit Trace (chamfered art with 45-degree elbows and terminal pads), Bus Lines (parallel conductor pattern) and Terminal Nodes (repeating solder pads, test points and leads), all original geometry generated in code. Ten built-in brush libraries; G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated), headline numbers unchanged.
 
 - 2026-11-05: Window › Toolbars › Keep Tools Beside the Canvas, off by default, docks the Tools panel between left-side panels and the canvas instead of at the window's left edge, and the canvas's left edge then also docks a floating Tools panel (`window.toolsBesideCanvas`, #5395). Workspaces keep the setting; workspaces saved without it keep Tools at the window's edge. An optional VectorCraft layout choice; headline numbers unchanged.
 - 2026-11-12: Stencil Bridges in the Cutting Tools add-on (Object › Plug-ins › Cutting Tools): strips of a set width are cut out of the selected art so that every island of a stencil cut from it (the inside of an O, a hole in a shape) stays attached to the sheet, by the shortest crossings first, vertical, horizontal or the shortest among 12 directions 15° apart, with up to 16 bridges per island; type is measured by its glyph outlines and stays type, and the original goes to a hidden layer or is replaced. One undo step (`addon.cutting.bridges`). A VectorCraft addition: headline numbers unchanged.
@@ -224,6 +225,7 @@ The full earlier record of what landed is kept in [docs/roadmap.md](docs/roadmap
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
+| 2026-11-14 | minor | Tech Circuit adds three original procedural brushes (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines, Terminal Nodes); ten built-in brush libraries. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); parity scores and headline totals unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | Gujarati (#6613): contributor proofreading completed for all 387 additions, with 11 wording corrections; 4,673 reviewed catalog rows. Status/error messages remain partial; web selection requires a bundled Gujarati face. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-10 | minor | Tidy-up, no content change: the unheaded change bullets at the top of the file and a revision row inside the headline-numbers table move to this table under their commit dates. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-10 | minor | Raster effects: Effect Gallery thumbnails and an in-dialog preview (an original drawing through each filter). Features-table Raster effects 85% → 88%, hours 1–2 → none. Headline numbers unchanged, so the progress log is unchanged. |
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/lib.rs b/crates/doc/src/lib.rs
index d6b797a371..b32a4485f4 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/lib.rs
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ pub use style_libs::StyleLibrary;
 pub use text::FontHeightReference;
 pub use text::GlyphChoice;
 pub use text::GlyphForm;
+pub use text::PATH_LEAD_MAX;
 pub use text::WarichuAlign;
 pub use text::{
     AreaFit, AreaOptions, Burasagari, CharAlign, CharPosition, CharStyle, Composer, Digits, FirstBaseline, HyphenationOptions, InlineArt,
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/tests/units.rs b/crates/doc/src/tests/units.rs
index 5a9265c702..c53f60a227 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/tests/units.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/tests/units.rs
@@ -79,6 +79,21 @@ fn odd_text_reads_as_nothing_without_panicking() {
     }
 }
 
+/// Text from a command or a file can be any length: a sum of thousands of terms reads as nothing
+/// instead of exhausting the stack. Up to 128 `+ - * /` signs read; 129 read as nothing.
+#[test]
+fn a_very_long_expression_reads_as_nothing() {
+    let sum = |terms: usize| format!("1{}", "+1".repeat(terms - 1));
+    assert_eq!(Unit::Points.parse(&sum(129)), Some(129.0));
+    assert_eq!(Unit::Points.parse(&format!("10{} mm", "*1".repeat(128))), Some(Unit::Millimeters.to_pt(10.0)));
+    // Long text with no signs still reads.
+    assert_eq!(Unit::Points.parse(&format!("{}5", " ".repeat(2_000))), Some(5.0));
+    for text in [sum(200_000), format!("1{}", "*1".repeat(200_000)), sum(130), format!("10{} mm", "*1".repeat(129))] {
+        assert_eq!(Unit::Points.parse(&text), None, "{} bytes", text.len());
+        assert_eq!(crate::parse_number(&text), None, "{} bytes", text.len());
+    }
+}
+
 proptest! {
     /// Field text made of digits, operators, `%`, spaces and unit letters reads as a finite value
     /// or as nothing and does not panic.
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/text.rs b/crates/doc/src/text.rs
index 89388d8598..06b71f8fc8 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/text.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/text.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pub use para_style::{
     Burasagari, Composer, FirstBaseline, HyphenationOptions, JustificationOptions, Justify, Kashida, Kinsoku, KinsokuShoriType, LeadingModel,
     Mojikumi, ParaDirection, ParaStyle, SingleWordJustify,
 };
+pub use runs::PATH_LEAD_MAX;
 pub use runs::{INLINE_CHAR, INLINE_MAX_SCALE, InlineArt, RubyAlign, RubyPosition, RubySpan, TextKind, TextRun, TextStyleDef, TypeAntiAlias};
 pub use tabs_lists::{
     Bullet, DEFAULT_TAB_INTERVAL, LIST_HANGING_INDENT, LIST_LEVEL_INDENT, LIST_LEVELS, ListAlign, ListCounts, NumberStyle, ParaList, TabAlign,
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/text/object.rs b/crates/doc/src/text/object.rs
index 9af4d9c5dc..b787cebfe0 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/text/object.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/text/object.rs
@@ -352,7 +352,10 @@ impl TextObject {
     }
     /// Flip type on a path to the other side of its path (Type on a Path Options › Flip, or its
     /// centre bracket dragged across the path): the path runs the other way and the brackets swap
-    /// ends, so the type keeps its stretch of the path. False, changing nothing, for other type.
+    /// ends, so the type keeps its stretch of the path. Type that starts before an open path's start
+    /// ([`TextKind::path_text_start`]) starts at its start bracket after the flip: the part of its
+    /// span before the path's start would come after the path's end. False, changing nothing, for
+    /// other type.
     pub fn flip_on_path(&mut self) -> bool {
         let Some((s, e)) = self.kind.path_span() else { return false };
         let TextKind::OnPath { path, start, end } = &mut self.kind else { return false };
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/text/runs.rs b/crates/doc/src/text/runs.rs
index 0bf62ed155..5bf6d1bf79 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/text/runs.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/text/runs.rs
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@ pub enum TextKind {
     /// Area type flowed inside `frame` (document coordinates, untransformed by `xf`).
     Area { frame: PathData },
     /// Type on a path, flowing from its start bracket `start` to its end bracket `end` (0..1 of the
-    /// path length; no `end`: the end of the path, or once round a closed path). See
-    /// [`TextKind::path_span`].
+    /// path length; no `end`: the end of the path, or once round a closed path). On an open path
+    /// `start` may be below 0: the type starts that far before the path's start, and the characters
+    /// whose middle falls before the path's start are not drawn ([`TextKind::path_text_start`]).
+    /// See [`TextKind::path_span`].
     OnPath {
         path: PathData,
         start: f64,
@@ -117,8 +119,22 @@ impl TextKind {
             (s, end.map_or(1.0, |e| fraction(e).max(s)))
         })
     }
+    /// Where type on a path's text starts, as a fraction of its path's length: its start bracket
+    /// ([`Self::path_span`]), or on an open path a start before the path's start (below 0, at most
+    /// [`PATH_LEAD_MAX`] path lengths before it). None for other type.
+    pub fn path_text_start(&self) -> Option<f64> {
+        let TextKind::OnPath { path, start, .. } = self else { return None };
+        if !path.is_closed() && start.is_finite() && *start < 0.0 { Some(start.max(-PATH_LEAD_MAX)) } else { self.path_span().map(|(s, _)| s) }
+    }
+    /// Does type on an open path start before its path's start ([`Self::path_text_start`])?
+    pub fn starts_before_path(&self) -> bool {
+        self.path_text_start().is_some_and(|s| s < 0.0)
+    }
 }
 
+/// How far before its path's start type on an open path may start, in lengths of the path.
+pub const PATH_LEAD_MAX: f64 = 1e6;
+
 /// Move anchors `refs` of `path`, in text space, by `d` in document space (`to_text`: the
 /// document → text map). False when an anchor doesn't exist.
 pub(super) fn move_anchors(path: &mut PathData, to_text: Affine, refs: &[(usize, usize)], d: Vec2) -> bool {
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/text/tests.rs b/crates/doc/src/text/tests.rs
index c3afafb6e1..0976edbb93 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/text/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/text/tests.rs
@@ -563,6 +563,33 @@ fn area_anchors_move_in_document_space() {
     assert_eq!(t, before);
 }
 
+/// Type on an open path may start before the path's start: the start is kept, saved and read back,
+/// while the start bracket stays at the path's start. On a closed path, and for a start that is not
+/// finite, the start is the start bracket as before.
+#[test]
+fn type_on_an_open_path_starts_before_the_path() {
+    let pts = [Point::new(0.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 100.0)];
+    let on = |closed: bool, start: f64| TextKind::OnPath {
+        path: PathData::new(vec![vectorcraft_geom::SubPath::polyline(&pts, closed)]),
+        start,
+        end: None,
+    };
+    let open = on(false, -0.25);
+    assert_eq!(open.path_text_start(), Some(-0.25));
+    assert!(open.starts_before_path());
+    assert_eq!(open.path_span(), Some((0.0, 1.0)));
+    let saved = serde_json::to_value(&open).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(saved["start"], -0.25);
+    assert_eq!(serde_json::from_value::<TextKind>(saved).unwrap(), open);
+    assert_eq!(on(false, -1e9).path_text_start(), Some(-PATH_LEAD_MAX));
+    assert_eq!(on(false, f64::NEG_INFINITY).path_text_start(), Some(0.0));
+    assert_eq!(on(false, 0.25).path_text_start(), Some(0.25));
+    assert!(!on(false, 0.0).starts_before_path());
+    assert_eq!(on(true, -0.25).path_text_start(), Some(0.0));
+    assert!(!on(true, -0.25).starts_before_path());
+    assert_eq!(TextKind::Point.path_text_start(), None);
+}
+
 /// Builds from before [`Justify::Auto`] read new type's alignment as Left or Right (and ignore
 /// `justify_auto`); this build reads Auto back.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/units.rs b/crates/doc/src/units.rs
index 234513df1d..5fabfece65 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/units.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/units.rs
@@ -156,7 +156,12 @@ impl Unit {
     /// before it (`3cm*50%` is 1.5 cm, `3cm/50%` is 6 cm). After `+` or `-`, it adds or takes away
     /// that share of everything before it (`50pt+25%` is 62.5 pt, `100pt+20pt-50%` is 60 pt). A
     /// percentage on its own (`50%`) reads as nothing.
+    ///
+    /// Text with more than 128 `+ - * /` signs reads as nothing.
     pub fn parse(self, s: &str) -> Option<f64> {
+        if s.chars().filter(|c| matches!(c, '+' | '-' | '*' | '/')).count() > MAX_MEASURE_OPERATORS {
+            return None;
+        }
         parse_measure(s, self).filter(|v| v.is_finite())
     }
     /// The value naming this unit in the Units preferences (`points`, `millimeters`,
@@ -207,6 +212,9 @@ impl Unit {
     }
 }
 
+/// The most `+ - * /` signs [`Unit::parse`] reads in one text.
+const MAX_MEASURE_OPERATORS: usize = 128;
+
 fn parse_measure(s: &str, default: Unit) -> Option<f64> {
     let s = s.trim();
     // Simple arithmetic on the right (Illustrator fields accept "10+5", "100/2", "3in*2").
diff --git a/crates/effects/src/catalog.rs b/crates/effects/src/catalog.rs
index 67677656e6..1c1ca96d9f 100644
--- a/crates/effects/src/catalog.rs
+++ b/crates/effects/src/catalog.rs
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ pub fn effect_catalog() -> Vec<EffectInfo> {
             "artistic.roughPastels",
             "Rough Pastels…",
             ARTISTIC,
-            "{strokeLength: 0..40 (6; longer pastel strokes), strokeDetail: 1..20 (10; bristle texture along the strokes), texture: \"brick\"|\"burlap\"|\"canvas\"|\"sandstone\" (\"canvas\"), scaling: % 50..200 (100), relief: 0..50 (4), lightDirection: \"bottom\"|\"bottomLeft\"|\"left\"|\"topLeft\"|\"top\"|\"topRight\"|\"right\"|\"bottomRight\" (\"top\"), invert: bool (false)} repaints the object in soft diagonal pastel strokes over a textured surface, keeping its coverage. Slider ranges follow the documented controls; numeric defaults are chosen for VectorCraft and are not verified against proprietary defaults.",
+            "{strokeLength: 0..40 (6; longer pastel strokes), strokeDetail: 1..20 (10; bristle texture along the strokes), texture: \"brick\"|\"burlap\"|\"canvas\"|\"sandstone\"|\"loaded\" (\"canvas\"; \"loaded\" draws the image in textureImage and draws Canvas when there is none; the others are surfaces made in code), textureImage?: {path} | {name?, dataBase64} | string (Load Texture…: an image file that File › Place reads, within the renderer's pixel allowance, stored as its gray levels in a grayscale PNG in base64; a file sets texture to \"loaded\" unless texture is given, and the stored string, as effect.list gives it, is kept as it is), scaling: % 50..200 (100), relief: 0..50 (4), lightDirection: \"bottom\"|\"bottomLeft\"|\"left\"|\"topLeft\"|\"top\"|\"topRight\"|\"right\"|\"bottomRight\" (\"top\"), invert: bool (false)} repaints the object in soft diagonal pastel strokes over a textured surface, keeping its coverage. A loaded texture lies one image pixel per point at 100 %, centered on the object's center and repeated; each pixel's luma is the surface's height, from 0 for black to 1 pt for white, and a transparent pixel counts as middle gray. Slider ranges follow the documented controls; numeric defaults are chosen for VectorCraft and are not verified against proprietary defaults.",
             json!({
                 "strokeLength": 6.0,
                 "strokeDetail": 10.0,
diff --git a/crates/effects/src/pixel.rs b/crates/effects/src/pixel.rs
index 0c159f8485..f2c49dadd7 100644
--- a/crates/effects/src/pixel.rs
+++ b/crates/effects/src/pixel.rs
@@ -155,8 +155,9 @@ pub enum PixelFx {
     /// `texture_coverage` (0..40) says.
     Underpainting { brush_size: f64, texture_coverage: f64, texture: Texture, scaling: f64, relief: f64, light: Light, invert: bool },
     /// Artistic › Rough Pastels: diagonal pastel strokes `length` (0..40) long, bristle detail
-    /// (1..20), then a [`Texture`] surface scaled by `scaling` (0.5..2), in relief as strong as
-    /// `relief` (0..50) and lit from `light`; `invert` turns the surface's heights over.
+    /// (1..20), then a [`Texture`] surface (a loaded one included) scaled by `scaling` (0.5..2), in
+    /// relief as strong as `relief` (0..50) and lit from `light`; `invert` turns the surface's
+    /// heights over.
     RoughPastels { length: f64, detail: f64, texture: Texture, scaling: f64, relief: f64, light: Light, invert: bool },
     /// Blur › Radial Blur around its Blur Center, `center` (0..1 across and down the object's
     /// bounds; (0.5, 0.5) the object's centre): along arcs (spin, an arc of `amount`°) or along
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@ pub(crate) fn parse(id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<PixelFx> {
         "artistic.roughPastels" => PixelFx::RoughPastels {
             length: num(p, "strokeLength", 6.0).clamp(0.0, 40.0),
             detail: num(p, "strokeDetail", 10.0).clamp(1.0, 20.0),
-            texture: Texture::parse(text(p, "texture", "canvas")),
+            texture: Texture::parse_with(text(p, "texture", "canvas"), p.get(TEXTURE_IMAGE).and_then(Value::as_str)),
             scaling: num(p, "scaling", 100.0).clamp(50.0, 200.0) / 100.0,
             relief: num(p, "relief", 4.0).clamp(0.0, 50.0),
             light: Light::parse(text(p, "lightDirection", "top")),
diff --git a/crates/effects/src/pixel/tests.rs b/crates/effects/src/pixel/tests.rs
index a1e73eab33..34212ddd66 100644
--- a/crates/effects/src/pixel/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/effects/src/pixel/tests.rs
@@ -1547,6 +1547,42 @@ fn texturizer_draws_a_loaded_texture_as_relief() {
     assert_eq!(fx("texture.texturizer", json!({"texture": "LOADED", "textureImage": "not a texture"})), fx("texture.texturizer", json!({})));
 }
 
+/// Rough Pastels draws a loaded texture as its surface, and Scaling, Relief, Light Direction and
+/// Invert act on it as on the built-in ones.
+#[test]
+fn rough_pastels_draws_a_loaded_texture_as_its_surface() {
+    let w = 64;
+    let mid = grey(150);
+    let rings = stored(12, 10, |x, y| {
+        let v = ((x as f64 - 5.5).hypot(y as f64 - 4.5) * 0.9).sin().abs();
+        let g = (v * 255.0).round() as u8;
+        [g, g, g, 255]
+    });
+    let run = |mut p: serde_json::Value| {
+        p["strokeLength"] = json!(0);
+        let mut d = flat(w, mid);
+        fx("artistic.roughPastels", p).apply(&mut d, w, w, &space(w, w));
+        d
+    };
+    let relief = run(json!({"texture": "loaded", "textureImage": rings, "relief": 20}));
+    assert_ne!(relief, flat(w, mid));
+    for (_, builtin) in TEXTURES {
+        assert_ne!(relief, run(json!({"texture": builtin, "relief": 20})), "{builtin}");
+    }
+    for (key, value) in [("invert", json!(true)), ("scaling", json!(200)), ("lightDirection", json!("bottomRight")), ("relief", json!(5))] {
+        let mut p = json!({"texture": "loaded", "textureImage": rings, "relief": 20});
+        p[key] = value;
+        assert_ne!(run(p), relief, "{key}");
+    }
+    assert_eq!(run(json!({"texture": "loaded", "textureImage": rings, "relief": 0})), flat(w, mid));
+    let parsed = fx("artistic.roughPastels", json!({"texture": "Loaded", "textureImage": rings}));
+    assert!(matches!(parsed, PixelFx::RoughPastels { texture: Texture::Loaded(_), .. }), "{parsed:?}");
+    // Without a stored texture, or with one that isn't, Loaded draws Canvas.
+    for p in [json!({"texture": "loaded"}), json!({"texture": "loaded", "textureImage": "not a texture"})] {
+        assert_eq!(fx("artistic.roughPastels", p), fx("artistic.roughPastels", json!({})));
+    }
+}
+
 /// The Texture filters' patterns lie in document space around the object's centre: the same at
 /// twice the resolution, and moving with the object.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/effects/src/svg_filter/defaults.rs b/crates/effects/src/svg_filter/defaults.rs
index d8c44b395b..95a84ca273 100644
--- a/crates/effects/src/svg_filter/defaults.rs
+++ b/crates/effects/src/svg_filter/defaults.rs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ pub fn listed(held: &[SvgFilter]) -> (Vec<Listed>, usize) {
 mod tests {
     use serde_json::json;
     use vectorcraft_doc::Effect;
-    use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Point, Vec2};
+    use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Point};
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::pixel::{Channels, PixelSpace};
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ mod tests {
             to_doc: Affine::scale(1.0),
             px: 1.0,
             center: Point::new(wd / 2.0, wd / 2.0),
-            size: Vec2::new(wd, wd),
+            size: vectorcraft_geom::Vec2::new(wd, wd),
             channels: Channels::Rgb,
             line: 1.0,
             extent: 0.5 * wd.hypot(wd),
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/pathtools/tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/pathtools/tests.rs
index a72075d233..afa232a7ce 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/pathtools/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/pathtools/tests.rs
@@ -531,8 +531,13 @@ fn an_anchor_edit_makes_it_a_plain_path_and_transforms_keep_it_editable() {
     s.execute("addon.pathtools.shape.set", &json!({"id": id.0, "count": 6})).unwrap();
     assert_eq!((path(&s, id).anchor_count(), steps(&s)), (12, n + 1));
     assert!((shape_of(&s, id).unwrap().rotation + 30.0).abs() < 1e-6, "the turn stays");
-    // Stretched across its own axes (it is turned): skewed, so no longer.
+    // Stretched along its turned bounding box: still the shape, wider along its own axis.
     s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 150, "sy": 100, "origin": [220, 140]})).unwrap();
+    let r = shape_of(&s, id).unwrap();
+    assert!((r.width - 300.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (r.height - 200.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (r.rotation + 30.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{r:?}");
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    // Stretched across the page's axes (it is turned): skewed, so no longer.
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 150, "sy": 100, "origin": [220, 140], "basis": "page"})).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(shape_of(&s, id), None);
     s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
     assert!(shape_of(&s, id).is_some(), "undo brings it back");
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/typetools.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/typetools.rs
index 10a00b1b45..d0c5447c42 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/typetools.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/typetools.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Release Type on a Path…",
             ["Object", "Plug-ins", "Type Tools"],
             None,
-            "{mode?: \"both\" (point type and the path) | \"path\" (the path only) | \"text\" (point type only) (\"both\"), keepOriginal?: false (true: the type on a path stays and the released objects go just above it), ids?: [id…], id? (instead of ids; neither: the selection)} split each type on a path among the objects (inside groups too) into point type and the path it was set on. The point type holds the same text with the same character and paragraph attributes, on one straight line whose baseline starts where the first character sat on the path; Type on a Path Options (effect, align to path, spacing, flip, brackets) don't apply to point type and are dropped; type with Dynamic Text on (type.dynamicText) comes out with it off, at the sizes it was drawn at. The path keeps its exact shape (open or closed, anchors and handles, the object's transform) and comes out with no fill and no stroke, in the type's layer and place in the stacking order. Other objects are left alone, and with no type on a path among them nothing changes and no undo step is made. One undo step; the released objects are selected → {ids (released, bottom to top), paths, texts}",
+            "{mode?: \"both\" (point type and the path) | \"path\" (the path only) | \"text\" (point type only) (\"both\"), keepOriginal?: false (true: the type on a path stays and the released objects go just above it), ids?: [id…], id? (instead of ids; neither: the selection)} split each type on a path among the objects (inside groups too) into point type and the path it was set on. The point type holds the same text with the same character and paragraph attributes, on one straight line whose baseline starts where the first character sat on the path (when the type starts before an open path's start, the first character drawn on the path stays where it was drawn and the characters that were not drawn come before it); Type on a Path Options (effect, align to path, spacing, flip, brackets) don't apply to point type and are dropped; type with Dynamic Text on (type.dynamicText) comes out with it off, at the sizes it was drawn at. The path keeps its exact shape (open or closed, anchors and handles, the object's transform) and comes out with no fill and no stroke, in the type's layer and place in the stacking order. Other objects are left alone, and with no type on a path among them nothing changes and no undo step is made. One undo step; the released objects are selected → {ids (released, bottom to top), paths, texts}",
             has_selection,
             release_path
         ),
@@ -229,6 +229,28 @@ fn first_pen(lay: &vectorcraft_text::TextLayout) -> Option<Point> {
     lay.glyphs.iter().filter(|g| g.origin.x.is_finite() && g.origin.y.is_finite()).min_by_key(|g| (g.byte, g.len != 0)).map(|g| g.origin)
 }
 
+/// A glyph of a character: its byte, whether it stands for characters (a list marker does not),
+/// and its place among the glyphs of that byte and kind (an All Caps ß is two glyphs).
+type GlyphKey = (usize, bool, usize);
+
+/// The key and pen position of the first glyph drawn in `lay`, in text order: characters before an
+/// open path's start are not drawn ([`vectorcraft_text::PositionedGlyph::off_path`]). None without
+/// a drawn glyph.
+fn first_drawn_pen(lay: &vectorcraft_text::TextLayout) -> Option<(GlyphKey, Point)> {
+    let (gi, g) = (lay.glyphs.iter().enumerate())
+        .filter(|(_, g)| !g.off_path && g.origin.x.is_finite() && g.origin.y.is_finite())
+        .min_by_key(|(gi, g)| (g.byte, g.len != 0, *gi))?;
+    let kind = g.len != 0;
+    let nth = lay.glyphs.iter().take(gi).filter(|h| h.byte == g.byte && (h.len != 0) == kind).count();
+    Some(((g.byte, kind, nth), g.origin))
+}
+
+/// The pen position of the glyph `key` names in `lay`. None without one.
+fn pen_at(lay: &vectorcraft_text::TextLayout, (byte, kind, nth): GlyphKey) -> Option<Point> {
+    let g = lay.glyphs.iter().filter(|g| g.byte == byte && (g.len != 0) == kind).nth(nth)?;
+    (g.origin.x.is_finite() && g.origin.y.is_finite()).then_some(g.origin)
+}
+
 /// `t`, type on a path, as point type on one straight line: the same runs and character and
 /// paragraph attributes, its baseline starting where its first character sat on the path (in the
 /// object's own text space, so its transform stays). Type on a Path Options are dropped, and
@@ -237,13 +259,14 @@ fn first_pen(lay: &vectorcraft_text::TextLayout) -> Option<Point> {
 fn released_text(t: &TextObject) -> Option<TextObject> {
     let TextKind::OnPath { path, .. } = &t.kind else { return None };
     let db = vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global();
-    // Where the first character sat. Text that didn't fit on the path has no glyph there: it
-    // starts at the start bracket.
-    let at = first_pen(&vectorcraft_text::layout(db, t)).or_else(|| {
+    // Where the first drawn character sat; characters before an open path's start come before it
+    // on the line. Text that didn't fit on the path has no glyph there: it starts at the start
+    // bracket.
+    let (key, at) = first_drawn_pen(&vectorcraft_text::layout(db, t)).map(|(b, p)| (Some(b), p)).or_else(|| {
         let ap = ArcPath::new(path);
         let (from, _) = t.kind.path_span()?;
         let (p, _) = ap.at(from * ap.len());
-        (p.x.is_finite() && p.y.is_finite()).then_some(p)
+        (p.x.is_finite() && p.y.is_finite()).then_some((None, p))
     })?;
     let mut out = t.clone();
     // Point type has no brackets to fit: it keeps the sizes the path drew it at.
@@ -254,9 +277,10 @@ fn released_text(t: &TextObject) -> Option<TextObject> {
     out.path_spacing = 0.0;
     // Point type is in no thread: its first paragraph starts in it.
     out.first_para_continues = false;
-    // Where the point type puts its own first character; the origin moves so it lands at `at`,
-    // whatever the paragraph's alignment and direction.
-    let own = first_pen(&vectorcraft_text::layout(db, &out)).unwrap_or(Point::ZERO);
+    // Where the point type puts that glyph; the origin moves so it lands at `at`, whatever the
+    // paragraph's alignment and direction.
+    let own_lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(db, &out);
+    let own = key.and_then(|k| pen_at(&own_lay, k)).or_else(|| first_pen(&own_lay)).unwrap_or(Point::ZERO);
     let shift = at - own;
     if !(shift.x.is_finite() && shift.y.is_finite()) {
         return None;
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/typetools/tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/typetools/tests.rs
index e597525c97..a8518719be 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/typetools/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/addons/typetools/tests.rs
@@ -482,6 +482,44 @@ mod release {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Type that starts before its open path: the first drawn character stays where it was drawn,
+    /// and the characters that were not drawn come before it on the line.
+    #[test]
+    fn type_starting_before_its_open_path_keeps_its_drawn_characters_in_place() {
+        let mut s = session();
+        let id = path_type(&mut s, "M100 300 L500 300", [100.0, 300.0], "Hidden start");
+        s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"start": -0.05})).unwrap();
+        let before = text(&s, id);
+        let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &before);
+        let first = lay.glyphs.iter().filter(|g| !g.off_path).min_by_key(|g| g.byte).unwrap();
+        let (byte, drawn) = (first.byte, before.xf * first.origin);
+        assert!(byte > 0, "some characters are before the path");
+        s.execute(C, &json!({"mode": "text"})).unwrap();
+        let after = text(&s, id);
+        assert_eq!(after.kind, TextKind::Point);
+        assert_eq!(after.plain_text(), before.plain_text());
+        let back = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &after);
+        let same = back.glyphs.iter().find(|g| g.byte == byte).unwrap();
+        assert!(close(after.xf * same.origin, drawn), "{:?} vs {drawn:?}", after.xf * same.origin);
+        let lead = back.glyphs.iter().find(|g| g.byte == 0).unwrap();
+        assert!((after.xf * lead.origin).x < drawn.x, "the hidden characters come before it");
+        // An All Caps ß is two glyphs: with the first before the path's start, the second stays
+        // where it was drawn.
+        let id = path_type(&mut s, "M100 400 L500 400", [100.0, 400.0], "ße");
+        s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": 0, "end": 4, "allCaps": true})).unwrap();
+        let adv = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &text(&s, id)).glyphs[0].advance;
+        s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"start": -1.2 * adv / 400.0})).unwrap();
+        let before = text(&s, id);
+        let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &before);
+        assert!(lay.glyphs[0].byte == 0 && lay.glyphs[1].byte == 0 && lay.glyphs[0].off_path && !lay.glyphs[1].off_path);
+        let drawn = before.xf * lay.glyphs[1].origin;
+        s.execute(C, &json!({"mode": "text"})).unwrap();
+        let after = text(&s, id);
+        let back = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &after);
+        let second = back.glyphs.iter().filter(|g| g.byte == 0).nth(1).unwrap();
+        assert!(close(after.xf * second.origin, drawn), "{:?} vs {drawn:?}", after.xf * second.origin);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn flipped_type_releases_its_path_as_it_runs() {
         let mut s = session();
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/appearance.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/appearance.rs
index b9b517ae85..fc87ad4fa2 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/appearance.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/appearance.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add New Fill",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             Some("Cmd+/"),
-            "{ids?|id?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} add a fill on top of each selected object's own stack, on an image right below its Contents row, with its top fill's paint (type without one: its characters' fill; else the default fill). With a fill row active (appearance.setActiveItem), no `ids`, no `id` and no `target: \"contents\"`, the new fill takes that row's paint, goes right above it, and becomes the active row; appearance.duplicateItem copies a whole row. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} add a fill on top of each selected object's own stack, on an image right below its Contents row, with its top fill's paint (type without one: its characters' fill; else the default fill). With a fill row active (appearance.setActiveItem), no `ids`, no `id` and no `target: \"contents\"`, the new fill takes that row's paint, goes right above it, and becomes the active row; appearance.duplicateItem copies a whole row. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| add_item(s, p, true)
         ),
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add New Stroke",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+/"),
-            "{ids?|id?, target?} add a stroke on top of each selected object's own stack, on an image right below its Contents row, with its top stroke's paint (else the default stroke) and that stroke's weight when it has paint, at least 1 pt. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?} add a stroke on top of each selected object's own stack, on an image right below its Contents row, with its top stroke's paint (else the default stroke) and that stroke's weight when it has paint, at least 1 pt. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| add_item(s, p, false)
         ),
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Clear Appearance",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, target?} leave each object one empty fill and stroke (None; a group none of its own) and reset its opacity and blend mode. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths and the group), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke and the object's opacity and blend mode (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?} leave each object one empty fill and stroke (None; a group none of its own) and reset its opacity and blend mode. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths and the group), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke and the object's opacity and blend mode (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
             has_doc,
             clear_appearance
         ),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reduce to Basic Appearance",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, target?} keep only one visible fill and stroke (without ids: the Appearance panel's active row in place of the topmost one of its kind; else the topmost), without their own opacity, blend mode or effects (a group keeps no rows it lacked), and drop the object's effects. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths and the group), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?} keep only one visible fill and stroke (without ids: the Appearance panel's active row in place of the topmost one of its kind; else the topmost), without their own opacity, blend mode or effects (a group keeps no rows it lacked), and drop the object's effects. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths and the group), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
             has_doc,
             reduce_basic
         ),
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Appearance Item",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: paint-order item index, ids?|id? (default: the selection), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", opacity?: 0..100, blend?: name, visible?: bool, weight?: pt (strokes), color?|none?|swatch?|gradient? (as paint.setFill), tint?: 0..100, keepModel?: bool (both as paint.setFill), aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection)} edit one fill/stroke of each target object's own appearance stack. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
+            "{index: paint-order item index, ids?|id? (default: the selection), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", opacity?: 0..100, blend?: name, visible?: bool, weight?: pt (strokes), color?|none?|swatch?|gradient? (as paint.setFill), tint?: 0..100, keepModel?: bool (both as paint.setFill), aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, rows of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} edit one fill/stroke of each target object's own appearance stack. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
             has_doc,
             set_item
         ),
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Remove Item",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index | indices: [..] (paint-order item indices), ids?|id?, target?, aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection)} remove those fills/strokes from each target object's own stack. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
+            "{index | indices: [..] (paint-order item indices), ids?|id?, target?, aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, rows of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} remove those fills/strokes from each target object's own stack. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
             has_doc,
             remove_item
         ),
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{…as effect.apply} same as effect.apply (an alias): {effect: id, params?: {…}, item?: appearance item index|null, ids?, target?} → {ids, index, item}",
+            "{…as effect.apply} same as effect.apply (an alias): {effect: id, params?: {…}, item?: appearance item index|null, ids?, target?, aligned?} → {ids, index, item}",
             has_doc,
             super::effectcmd::apply
         ),
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Duplicate Item",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{index | indices: [..] (paint-order item indices), to?: paint-order index of the copy (with several, of the lowest copy: they land together in their order; default: each right above its item; not with aligned rows of a mixed selection), contents?: count (with `to`: how many items paint below the Contents (Characters) row afterwards; default: it stays between the same items), ids?|id?, target?, aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection)} copy fills/strokes with their effects, as Alt-dragging rows places them. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
+            "{index | indices: [..] (paint-order item indices), to?: paint-order index of the copy (with several, of the lowest copy: they land together in their order; default: each right above its item; not with aligned rows of a mixed selection), contents?: count (with `to`: how many items paint below the Contents (Characters) row afterwards; default: it stays between the same items), ids?|id?, target?, aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, rows of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} copy fills/strokes with their effects, as Alt-dragging rows places them. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind",
             has_doc,
             duplicate_item
         ),
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reorder Appearance Item",
             [],
             None,
-            "{from: paint-order item index | \"contents\", indices?: [..] (several items instead of from: they move as one block in their order, the lowest landing at `to`; a block landing next to the Contents row keeps its lowest item's side), to, contents?: count, ids?|id?, target?, aligned?: bool (refused when the targets' appearances differ)} move fill/stroke `from` to paint-order index `to`; on a group, layer or type the Contents (Characters) row stays between the same items (a moved item landing next to it keeps its side) unless `contents` says how many items paint below it afterwards. from \"contents\": move that row so `to` items paint below the members (characters) and the rest above. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths, except with from \"contents\", which moves the group's own row), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind → {index: where the item landed | contents: the row's slot}",
+            "{from: paint-order item index | \"contents\", indices?: [..] (several items instead of from: they move as one block in their order, the lowest landing at `to`; a block landing next to the Contents row keeps its lowest item's side), to, contents?: count, ids?|id?, target?, aligned?: bool (refused when the targets' appearances differ, or differ from that of a graph design's art given first)} move fill/stroke `from` to paint-order index `to`; on a group, layer or type the Contents (Characters) row stays between the same items (a moved item landing next to it keeps its side) unless `contents` says how many items paint below it afterwards. from \"contents\": move that row so `to` items paint below the members (characters) and the rest above. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths, except with from \"contents\", which moves the group's own row), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind → {index: where the item landed | contents: the row's slot}",
             has_doc,
             move_item
         ),
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Eyedropper",
             [],
             None,
-            "{source: id, ids?, pickUp?, apply? (trees as eyedropper.setOptions, merged over the Eyedropper Options for this call), reverse?: bool, append?: bool, defaultsOnly?: bool} copy the attributes both picked up and applied (by default the whole appearance stack, opacity and blend mode, and from type to type the character and paragraph attributes using effective character dimensions while preserving target transforms) from `source` to ids (default: highlighted characters while editing type, after Select All in a frame of threaded text the text of the story's frames, leaving out `source`, otherwise the object selection; highlighted characters reject enabled non-neutral object transparency), the fill, stroke and weight also to the paint defaults; `defaultsOnly` updates only paint defaults and cannot be combined with ids, reverse or append; `reverse` (Alt-click) copies from the first selected object (or ids) onto `source` instead, or with nothing selected what the Eyedropper picked up last (a click without Alt); `append` (Shift+Alt-click) adds the source's fills, strokes and effects on top of each target's stack; placed gradients land at the same place relative to each target's bounds (defaults: fitted to new art); with an object of a dynamic symbol instance selected by Direct Selection and no ids, reverse, append or defaultsOnly, that object takes the source's fill and stroke (solid, none, gradient or pattern) for this instance only, as the Eyedropper Options allow, and a source that is not a path, compound path or type, or options that pick up neither color, are refused. On a path directly in a graph series, the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke and the object's opacity and blend mode (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores, for every label of its kind, the character attributes the pick gives all of its text, its object opacity and blend mode, and with `append` its topmost visible fill and stroke rows → {ids}",
+            "{source: id, ids?, pickUp?, apply? (trees as eyedropper.setOptions, merged over the Eyedropper Options for this call), reverse?: bool, append?: bool, defaultsOnly?: bool} copy the attributes both picked up and applied (by default the whole appearance stack, opacity and blend mode, and from type to type the character and paragraph attributes using effective character dimensions while preserving target transforms) from `source` to ids (default: highlighted characters while editing type, after Select All in a frame of threaded text the text of the story's frames, leaving out `source`, otherwise the object selection; highlighted characters reject enabled non-neutral object transparency), the fill, stroke and weight also to the paint defaults; `defaultsOnly` updates only paint defaults and cannot be combined with ids, reverse or append; `reverse` (Alt-click) copies from the first selected object (or ids) onto `source` instead, or with nothing selected what the Eyedropper picked up last (a click without Alt); `append` (Shift+Alt-click) adds the source's fills, strokes and effects on top of each target's stack; placed gradients land at the same place relative to each target's bounds (defaults: fitted to new art); with an object of a dynamic symbol instance selected by Direct Selection and no ids, reverse, append or defaultsOnly, that object takes the source's fill and stroke (solid, none, gradient or pattern) for this instance only, as the Eyedropper Options allow, and a source that is not a path, compound path or type, or options that pick up neither color, are refused. On a path directly in a graph series, the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke and the object's opacity and blend mode (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores, for every label of its kind, the character attributes the pick gives all of its text, its object opacity and blend mode, and with `append` its topmost visible fill and stroke rows → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             copy_from
         ),
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Show All Hidden Attributes",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, target?} make every hidden fill, stroke and effect (the object's and each item's) of each selected object visible again; errors when nothing is hidden. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths and the group), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?} make every hidden fill, stroke and effect (the object's and each item's) of each selected object visible again; errors when nothing is hidden. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths and the group), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             show_all_hidden
         ),
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Move Appearance",
             [],
             None,
-            "{source: id, target: id, copy?: bool} give `target` (a layer, group or object) the appearance (fills, strokes, effects) and transparency (opacity, blend mode, isolation, knockout) of `source`, as dragging a target circle onto another in the Layers panel does; the source is left with a cleared appearance (as appearance.clear) unless `copy` (Alt-drag). Opacity masks stay; placed gradients keep their place relative to each object's bounds. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths; as `source`, when the group has no effect, opacity, blend mode, isolation, knockout or style link of its own, the topmost one is read and a move clears them all; as `target` each takes the appearance and the group is cleared, a `source` among them keeps its look, and a `source` that is the group's only path is an error), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke and the object's opacity and blend mode (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind → {source, target}",
+            "{source: id, target: id, copy?: bool} give `target` (a layer, group or object) the appearance (fills, strokes, effects) and transparency (opacity, blend mode, isolation, knockout) of `source`, as dragging a target circle onto another in the Layers panel does; the source is left with a cleared appearance (as appearance.clear) unless `copy` (Alt-drag). Opacity masks stay; placed gradients keep their place relative to each object's bounds. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths; as `source`, when the group has no effect, opacity, blend mode, isolation, knockout or style link of its own, the topmost one is read and a move clears them all; as `target` each takes the appearance and the group is cleared, a `source` among them keeps its look, and a `source` that is the group's only path is an error), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke and the object's opacity and blend mode (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores that label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind → {source, target}",
             has_doc,
             transfer
         ),
@@ -183,14 +183,21 @@ pub(crate) struct ActiveItem {
 impl Session {
     /// The method returns explicit target parameters and the selected appearance effect list.
     pub fn appearance_effect_target(&self, params: &Value) -> Option<(Value, &[vectorcraft_doc::Effect])> {
-        let mut ids = appearance_targets(self, params).ok()?;
+        let mut ids = drop_design_art(&self.active()?.doc, appearance_targets(self, params).ok()?);
         let item = item_target(self, params, "effect.apply").ok()?;
         let anchor = item.anchor(self, &ids);
-        let node = self.active()?.doc.node(*ids.get(anchor)?)?;
+        // Aligned effects given with a graph design's art first are effects of the art's stack, which stays first; the
+        // Appearance panel's active row is a row of the first selected object's.
+        let of = match item {
+            ItemTarget::Item { explicit: false, .. } => None,
+            _ => design_reference(self, params, "effect.apply").ok()?,
+        };
+        let own = *ids.get(anchor)?;
+        let node = self.active()?.doc.node(of.unwrap_or(own))?;
         let at = item.effects_item(&node.appearance, "effect.apply").ok()?;
         let effects = node.appearance.effects_at(at)?;
         ids.swap(0, anchor);
-        let ids: Vec<u64> = ids.into_iter().map(|id| id.0).collect();
+        let ids: Vec<u64> = with_reference(of, &ids).into_iter().map(|id| id.0).collect();
         let aligned = match item {
             ItemTarget::Item { aligned, .. } => aligned,
             ItemTarget::Top => aligned(params, "effect.apply").ok()?,
@@ -253,6 +260,10 @@ pub(crate) fn item_target_at(s: &Session, p: &Value, key: &str, cmd: &str) -> Re
             .ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("`{key}` must be an appearance item index (paint order) or null"))),
         // The active item is a row of the first selected object's own stack.
         None if p.get("ids").is_some() || p.get("id").is_some() || targets_contents(p)? => Ok(ItemTarget::Top),
+        // A row of a graph design's art in a series stands for nothing: the commands leave that art out.
+        None if s.active().and_then(|st| st.selection.subjects().first().map(|id| super::graph::is_design_art(&st.doc, *id))) == Some(true) => {
+            Ok(ItemTarget::Top)
+        }
         None => Ok(s.appearance_item().map_or(ItemTarget::Top, |index| ItemTarget::Item { index, explicit: false, aligned: true })),
     }
 }
@@ -300,6 +311,21 @@ impl ItemTarget {
             .collect()
     }
 
+    /// [`ItemTarget::per_target`], with an explicit aligned item a row of the stack of `of` (see [`design_reference`]),
+    /// which is not among `ids`, when there is one: each target edits the item equal to it there, and a target without
+    /// an equal item is left out (`None`).
+    pub(crate) fn per_target_of(self, s: &Session, of: Option<NodeId>, ids: &[NodeId]) -> Vec<Option<ItemTarget>> {
+        let ItemTarget::Item { index, explicit: true, aligned: true } = self else { return self.per_target(s, ids) };
+        let Some(d) = s.active().map(|st| &st.doc) else { return self.per_target(s, ids) };
+        let Some(r) = of.and_then(|of| d.node(of)) else { return self.per_target(s, ids) };
+        ids.iter()
+            .map(|id| {
+                let index = SharedStack::of(&[&*r.appearance, &*d.node(*id)?.appearance]).item_in(index, 1)?;
+                Some(ItemTarget::Item { index, explicit: true, aligned: true })
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
     /// Where among `ids` (the targets, in paint order) the object whose stack this item is a row of
     /// is: the first selected object (or the compound path holding it) for the active item, which
     /// need not paint first; the first target otherwise, or when that object is not among them.
@@ -384,6 +410,32 @@ pub(crate) fn items_per_target(d: &vectorcraft_doc::Document, ids: &[NodeId], id
     }
 }
 
+/// The art of a graph design in a graph series whose stack the aligned rows of `p` (`aligned: true`) are rows of: the
+/// first of the [`appearance_targets`] when it is such art, which the edit leaves out ([`without_design_art`]). A
+/// command reads it after its own target checks.
+pub(crate) fn design_reference(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Option<NodeId>> {
+    if !aligned(p, cmd)? {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    let ids = appearance_targets(s, p)?;
+    let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
+    Ok(ids.first().copied().filter(|id| super::graph::is_design_art(d, *id)))
+}
+
+/// `ids` after `of` (see [`design_reference`]), when there is one.
+pub(crate) fn with_reference(of: Option<NodeId>, ids: &[NodeId]) -> Vec<NodeId> {
+    of.into_iter().chain(ids.iter().copied()).collect()
+}
+
+/// [`items_per_target`] of `ids`, with the aligned rows `idx` taken from the stack of `of` (see [`design_reference`])
+/// when there is one: a row a target has no equal of is left out of that target.
+pub(crate) fn rows_per_target(d: &Document, of: Option<NodeId>, ids: &[NodeId], idx: &[usize], aligned: bool) -> Vec<Vec<usize>> {
+    match of {
+        Some(of) => items_per_target(d, &with_reference(Some(of), ids), idx, true).into_iter().skip(1).collect(),
+        None => items_per_target(d, ids, idx, aligned),
+    }
+}
+
 /// Whether the `target` param asks for the contents of groups and layers (see the module docs).
 fn targets_contents(p: &Value) -> Result<bool> {
     match p.get("target") {
@@ -424,22 +476,44 @@ const DESIGN_ART: &str = "the art of a graph design in a graph series is drawn a
 
 /// The [`appearance_targets`] whose rows and effects a command edits: the art of graph designs drawn in graph series
 /// ([`super::graph::is_design_art`]) is left out, as the graph draws it again from the design. A command whose targets
-/// are all such art is refused.
-pub(crate) fn edit_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+/// are all such art is refused as an error of `cmd`.
+pub(crate) fn edit_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
     let ids = appearance_targets(s, p)?;
-    without_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, ids, "appearance")
+    without_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, ids, cmd)
 }
 
 /// `ids` without the art of graph designs drawn in graph series; `cmd` is refused when `ids` held nothing else.
-pub(crate) fn without_design_art(d: &Document, mut ids: Vec<NodeId>, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+pub(crate) fn without_design_art(d: &Document, ids: Vec<NodeId>, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
     let given = ids.len();
-    ids.retain(|id| !super::graph::is_design_art(d, *id));
+    let ids = drop_design_art(d, ids);
     if given > 0 && ids.is_empty() {
         return Err(bad(cmd, DESIGN_ART));
     }
     Ok(ids)
 }
 
+/// `ids` without the art of graph designs drawn in graph series, for the paint commands, which leave it out without an
+/// error.
+pub(crate) fn drop_design_art(d: &Document, mut ids: Vec<NodeId>) -> Vec<NodeId> {
+    ids.retain(|id| !super::graph::is_design_art(d, *id));
+    ids
+}
+
+/// The outermost art of graph designs drawn in graph series inside `roots`: the objects directly in a series group that
+/// [`super::graph::is_design_art`] accepts.
+pub(crate) fn design_art_in(d: &Document, roots: &[NodeId]) -> Vec<NodeId> {
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    for id in roots {
+        let Some(n) = d.node(*id) else { continue };
+        n.walk(&mut |m| {
+            if m.extras().series_index.is_some() {
+                out.extend(m.children().into_iter().flatten().map(|c| c.id).filter(|c| super::graph::is_design_art(d, *c)));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    out
+}
+
 /// `ids` with each graph series group that has no fill or stroke row of its own replaced by the paths directly inside
 /// it ([`super::graph::series_group_marks`]). A series group with rows, as a document saved earlier can hold, stays:
 /// the Appearance panel lists those rows and edits them by index.
@@ -476,15 +550,15 @@ pub(crate) fn look_holder<'a>(d: &'a Document, n: &'a Node) -> &'a Node {
 
 /// Objects whose fill and stroke rows a command edits: the [`edit_targets`], with a graph series group standing for the
 /// paths directly inside it ([`rowless_series_marks`]), so the graph can store the edit.
-pub(crate) fn row_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
-    let ids = edit_targets(s, p)?;
+pub(crate) fn row_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+    let ids = edit_targets(s, p, cmd)?;
     Ok(rowless_series_marks(&s.doc()?.doc, &ids))
 }
 
 /// Objects whose whole appearance a command edits: the [`row_targets`], then each graph series group they stand for,
 /// which can hold effects and a graphic style link of its own.
-pub(crate) fn whole_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
-    let own = edit_targets(s, p)?;
+pub(crate) fn whole_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+    let own = edit_targets(s, p, cmd)?;
     let mut ids = rowless_series_marks(&s.doc()?.doc, &own);
     let groups = stood_for(&own, &ids);
     ids.extend(groups);
@@ -513,7 +587,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clear_stood_for(d: &mut Document, groups: &[NodeId]) -> bool {
 
 /// [`whole_targets`] of `cmd`, which needs at least one.
 fn require_whole_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
-    let ids = whole_targets(s, p)?;
+    let ids = whole_targets(s, p, cmd)?;
     if ids.is_empty() {
         return Err(bad(cmd, "select objects or give ids"));
     }
@@ -522,7 +596,7 @@ fn require_whole_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<NodeId
 
 /// [`row_targets`] of `cmd`, which needs at least one.
 fn require_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
-    let ids = row_targets(s, p)?;
+    let ids = row_targets(s, p, cmd)?;
     if ids.is_empty() {
         return Err(bad(cmd, "select objects or give ids"));
     }
@@ -608,8 +682,8 @@ pub(crate) fn edits_stroke(s: &Session, p: &Value, item: ItemTarget, default: bo
         return Ok(b);
     }
     let ItemTarget::Item { index, .. } = item else { return Ok(default) };
-    let ids = appearance_targets(s, p)?;
     let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
+    let ids = drop_design_art(d, appearance_targets(s, p)?);
     Ok(ids.get(item.anchor(s, &ids)).and_then(|id| d.node(*id)?.appearance.items.get(index)).map_or(default, |it| !it.is_fill()))
 }
 
@@ -1032,7 +1106,7 @@ fn set_item(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     check_numbers(p, &["weight", "opacity"], "appearance.setItem")?;
     check_switches(p, &["visible"], "appearance.setItem")?;
     let paint = paint_from(s, p)?;
-    let ids = row_targets(s, p)?;
+    let ids = row_targets(s, p, "appearance.setItem")?;
     if ids.is_empty() {
         return Err(bad("appearance.setItem", "select objects or give ids"));
     }
@@ -1040,7 +1114,8 @@ fn set_item(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     // When every object comes out as it was (for example, when none has item `index`), the document
     // and its undo history stay as they are.
     let before = s.doc()?.doc.clone();
-    let per = items_per_target(&before, &ids, &[idx], aligned(p, "appearance.setItem")?);
+    let of = design_reference(s, p, "appearance.setItem")?;
+    let per = rows_per_target(&before, of, &ids, &[idx], aligned(p, "appearance.setItem")?);
     super::overprint::edit_counted(s, "Appearance", |d| {
         let mut edited = Vec::new();
         for (id, at) in ids.iter().zip(&per) {
@@ -1127,7 +1202,8 @@ fn remove_item(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     // When no object has an item at any of the indices, the document and its undo history stay as
     // they are.
     let before = s.doc()?.doc.clone();
-    let per = items_per_target(&before, &ids, &idx, aligned(p, "appearance.removeItem")?);
+    let of = design_reference(s, p, "appearance.removeItem")?;
+    let per = rows_per_target(&before, of, &ids, &idx, aligned(p, "appearance.removeItem")?);
     super::overprint::edit_counted(s, "Remove Item", |d| {
         for (id, idx) in ids.iter().zip(&per) {
             if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id) {
@@ -1168,12 +1244,19 @@ fn duplicate_item(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let mut first_at = None;
     let active = s.active_appearance_item.as_ref().and_then(|a| a.objects.first().copied());
     let mut active_at = None;
-    // Aligned rows of a mixed selection are copied right above themselves in each object.
-    if aligned(p, C)? && to.is_some() && shared_stack(&s.doc()?.doc, &ids).is_some() {
+    // Aligned rows of a mixed selection are copied right above themselves in each object. Rows of a graph design's art,
+    // which is left out, go to `to` in an object whose stack is the same as the art's.
+    let of = design_reference(s, p, C)?;
+    if aligned(p, C)?
+        && to.is_some()
+        && (shared_stack(&s.doc()?.doc, &ids).is_some() || (of.is_some() && appearances_differ(&s.doc()?.doc, &with_reference(of, &ids))))
+    {
         return Err(bad(C, "`to` takes the rows of one object's stack, not aligned rows"));
     }
     let before = s.doc()?.doc.clone();
-    let per = items_per_target(&before, &ids, &idx, aligned(p, C)?);
+    // With `to`, the art's stack is the same as the object's, so its rows are the object's, each of which must exist.
+    let per =
+        if to.is_some() { items_per_target(&before, &ids, &idx, aligned(p, C)?) } else { rows_per_target(&before, of, &ids, &idx, aligned(p, C)?) };
     s.edit("Duplicate Item", |d, _| {
         let mut any = false;
         // Copies that became the topmost visible row of their kind: the series stores their paint even when the object
@@ -1280,15 +1363,19 @@ fn move_item(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let aligned = aligned(p, C)?;
     if p.get("from").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("contents") {
         // A graph series group's own Contents row, not its paths, which have none.
-        let ids = edit_targets(s, p)?;
+        let ids = edit_targets(s, p, C)?;
         if ids.is_empty() {
             return Err(bad(C, "select objects or give ids"));
         }
+        // The Contents row's place counts the rows below it, which isn't one place in several different stacks either.
+        if aligned && appearances_differ(&s.doc()?.doc, &with_reference(design_reference(s, p, C)?, &ids)) {
+            return Err(bad(C, "rows of objects whose appearances differ can't be reordered together"));
+        }
         return move_contents(s, &ids, to);
     }
     let ids = require_targets(s, p, C)?;
     // Where an aligned row would go in each of several different stacks isn't one place.
-    if aligned && appearances_differ(&s.doc()?.doc, &ids) {
+    if aligned && appearances_differ(&s.doc()?.doc, &with_reference(design_reference(s, p, C)?, &ids)) {
         return Err(bad(C, "rows of objects whose appearances differ can't be reordered together"));
     }
     if p.get("indices").is_some() {
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/brushlib.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/brushlib.rs
index 16ab1c76d4..34becd7c02 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/brushlib.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/brushlib.rs
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ pub const BUILTIN: &[BuiltinBrushLibrary] = &[
     BuiltinBrushLibrary { id: "game-trails", name: "Game Trails", make: game_trails },
     BuiltinBrushLibrary { id: "energy-beams", name: "Energy Beams", make: energy_beams },
     BuiltinBrushLibrary { id: "dry-media", name: "Dry Media", make: dry_media },
+    BuiltinBrushLibrary { id: "tech-circuit", name: "Tech Circuit", make: tech_circuit },
 ];
 
 /// Built-in library `id`, made once.
@@ -397,6 +398,59 @@ fn border(name: &str, side: Node, corner: Option<Node>, fit: PatternFit) -> Brus
     Brush { name: name.into(), kind }
 }
 
+/// Tech Circuit: original conductor geometry, drawn as filled paths so widths and chamfers
+/// survive brush warping. Pattern tiles meet at x = 0 and 24 with identical lead cross-sections.
+fn tech_circuit() -> BrushLibrary {
+    let pad = |x: f64| {
+        black(polygon(&[
+            (x - 4.0, -2.0),
+            (x - 2.0, -4.0),
+            (x + 2.0, -4.0),
+            (x + 4.0, -2.0),
+            (x + 4.0, 2.0),
+            (x + 2.0, 4.0),
+            (x - 2.0, 4.0),
+            (x - 4.0, 2.0),
+        ]))
+    };
+    // 45-degree jogs lift the conductor to a parallel run and bring it back.
+    let trace = group(vec![
+        black(polygon(&[
+            (4.0, -1.0),
+            (23.0, -1.0),
+            (33.0, -11.0),
+            (61.0, -11.0),
+            (71.0, -1.0),
+            (96.0, -1.0),
+            (96.0, 1.0),
+            (70.0, 1.0),
+            (60.0, -9.0),
+            (34.0, -9.0),
+            (24.0, 1.0),
+            (4.0, 1.0),
+        ])),
+        pad(4.0),
+        pad(96.0),
+    ]);
+    let bus = group([-4.0, 0.0, 4.0].into_iter().map(|y| black(shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, y - 0.75, 24.0, y + 0.75)))).collect());
+    let terminals = group(vec![
+        // Overlap the ring's rim without filling the test point's hole.
+        black(shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, -0.6, 15.5, 0.6))),
+        black(shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(18.5, -0.6, 24.0, 0.6))),
+        pad(6.0),
+        ring(Point::new(17.0, 0.0), 3.0, 1.4),
+    ]);
+    built(
+        "Tech Circuit",
+        Document::new(100.0, 100.0),
+        vec![
+            art("Circuit Trace", trace, Colorization::Tints),
+            border("Bus Lines", bus, None, PatternFit::Stretch),
+            border("Terminal Nodes", terminals, None, PatternFit::Stretch),
+        ],
+    )
+}
+
 /// An invisible rectangle that fixes a tile's width.
 fn spacer(r: Rect) -> Node {
     Node::path(NodeId(0), shapes::rectangle(r), Appearance::default())
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds.rs
index 07eb025798..f694a2b144 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_color::{Color, Paint};
+use vectorcraft_color::{BlendMode, Color, Paint};
 use vectorcraft_doc::appearance::{AppearanceItem, FillLayer, LineCap, LineJoin, StrokeLayer};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, GapOptions, GapSize, LiveShape, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, Selection, TraceView};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{FillRule, PathData, Point, Rect, SubPath};
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make",
             ["Object", "Live Paint"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+X"),
-            "{ids?|id?} build a Live Paint group from the selected paths (paths, compound paths and groups of them; type, images and other objects are refused, nothing changes); each covered face starts with its front-most covering source's fill; with a Live Paint group among them, add the others to it as livePaint.merge does; a Live Paint group alone has nothing to add, so it is selected and nothing changes (no undo step) → {id, faces, edges}",
+            "{ids?|id?} build a Live Paint group from the selected paths (paths, compound paths and groups of them; type, images and other objects are refused, nothing changes); each covered face starts with the fill rows that draw (shown, with paint and an opacity above 0) of its front-most covering source that has one and an opacity above 0, and each edge with the stroke rows that draw (also a weight above 0) of its source, in order with their settings and with that source's opacity and blending mode (on a path cut into several edges, dashes go on along the path with the lengths set, without the fit of dashes aligned to corners and path ends, arrowheads stay at its own ends, and a width profile or brush stays only on an edge that runs the whole path); a face or edge given no such row has one unpainted row; with a Live Paint group among them, add the others to it as livePaint.merge does; a Live Paint group alone has nothing to add, so it is selected and nothing changes (no undo step) → {id, faces, edges}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             lp_make
         ),
@@ -414,22 +414,274 @@ fn source_nodes(n: &Node) -> Vec<Arc<Node>> {
     if is_live_paint(n) { b::sources(n).and_then(|g| g.children().cloned()).unwrap_or_default() } else { vec![Arc::new(n.clone())] }
 }
 
+/// Does appearance row `i` draw: it is shown, has paint and an opacity above 0, and a stroke also
+/// has a weight above 0?
+fn row_draws(i: &AppearanceItem) -> bool {
+    match i {
+        AppearanceItem::Fill(f) => f.visible && !f.paint.is_none() && f.opacity > 0.0,
+        AppearanceItem::Stroke(s) => s.visible && !s.paint.is_none() && s.opacity > 0.0 && s.width > 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+/// What a source path gives the faces and edges made from it.
+struct SourceStyle {
+    /// The fill rows that draw, in paint order (none when the path's opacity is 0).
+    fills: Vec<AppearanceItem>,
+    /// The stroke rows that draw, in paint order (none when the path's opacity is 0).
+    strokes: Vec<AppearanceItem>,
+    /// The top stroke's weight, for an edge given no stroke that draws.
+    width: f64,
+    opacity: f32,
+    blend: BlendMode,
+}
+
+impl SourceStyle {
+    /// The style of source path `n`: its rows keep their order and settings, gradients fitted to
+    /// its bounds keep that fit, and the strokes' pen pressure, tilt, bearing and rotation stay
+    /// with the path.
+    fn of(n: &Node) -> Self {
+        let mut a = (*n.appearance).clone().without_pressure();
+        if a.has_unplaced_gradient()
+            && let Some(bounds) = n.geometric_bounds()
+        {
+            a.pin_gradients(bounds);
+        }
+        let width = a.stroke().map_or(1.0, |s| s.width);
+        let (mut fills, mut strokes) = (vec![], vec![]);
+        if n.opacity > 0.0 {
+            for i in a.items.into_iter().filter(row_draws) {
+                if i.is_fill() { fills.push(i) } else { strokes.push(i) }
+            }
+        }
+        Self { fills, strokes, width, opacity: n.opacity, blend: n.blend }
+    }
+
+    /// Give part `n` the rows `rows` of this source with its opacity and blending mode; with no
+    /// rows, `n` keeps the unpainted row it has.
+    fn paint(&self, n: &mut Node, rows: &[AppearanceItem]) {
+        if rows.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        n.appearance = Appearance { items: rows.to_vec(), ..Default::default() }.into();
+        n.opacity = self.opacity;
+        n.blend = self.blend;
+    }
+}
+
+/// How far, in points, a place on an edge may be from its source path and still be on it.
+const ON_SOURCE: f64 = 0.05;
+
+/// Does stroke row `i` have settings that depend on where along its path a piece of it lies or
+/// which way it runs: dashes, arrowheads, a width profile, a brush, or a gradient along or across
+/// the stroke?
+fn depends_on_place(i: &AppearanceItem) -> bool {
+    matches!(i, AppearanceItem::Stroke(s) if s.dash.is_some() || s.start_arrow.is_some() || s.end_arrow.is_some() || s.profile.is_some() || s.brush.is_some() || s.gradient_mode != vectorcraft_doc::StrokeGradientMode::Within)
+}
+
+/// One subpath's segments with the length along it where each starts, then its whole length, and
+/// a grid of square cells listing the segments whose bounds, grown by [`ON_SOURCE`], reach into
+/// each cell, so finding the segments near a point does not look at every segment.
+struct Track {
+    segs: Vec<kurbo::PathSeg>,
+    at: Vec<f64>,
+    closed: bool,
+    cell: f64,
+    grid: HashMap<(i64, i64), Vec<usize>>,
+    /// Segments that reach into more than [`Track::MAX_CELLS`] cells, or that come after the grid
+    /// holds [`Track::CELLS_PER_SEGMENT`] entries per segment, looked at for every point.
+    wide: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+impl Track {
+    const ACCURACY: f64 = 1e-4;
+    const MAX_CELLS: i64 = 4096;
+    const CELLS_PER_SEGMENT: usize = 16;
+
+    fn new(sp: &SubPath) -> Self {
+        use kurbo::{ParamCurveArclen, Shape as _};
+        let mut bp = kurbo::BezPath::new();
+        sp.to_bezpath_into(&mut bp);
+        let segs: Vec<kurbo::PathSeg> = bp.segments().collect();
+        let mut at = Vec::with_capacity(segs.len() + 1);
+        let mut len = 0.0;
+        for s in &segs {
+            at.push(len);
+            len += s.arclen(Self::ACCURACY);
+        }
+        at.push(len);
+        let boxes: Vec<kurbo::Rect> = segs.iter().map(|s| s.bounding_box().inflate(ON_SOURCE, ON_SOURCE)).collect();
+        // Cells about as wide as an average segment's bounds.
+        let mean = boxes.iter().map(|b| b.width().max(b.height())).sum::<f64>() / boxes.len().max(1) as f64;
+        let cell = if mean.is_finite() { mean.max(4.0 * ON_SOURCE) } else { 4.0 * ON_SOURCE };
+        let mut grid: HashMap<(i64, i64), Vec<usize>> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut wide = vec![];
+        // The grid holds at most this many entries in all.
+        let mut budget = boxes.len().saturating_mul(Self::CELLS_PER_SEGMENT);
+        for (k, b) in boxes.iter().enumerate() {
+            let (x0, y0) = Self::cell_of(Point::new(b.x0, b.y0), cell);
+            let (x1, y1) = Self::cell_of(Point::new(b.x1, b.y1), cell);
+            let cells = x1.saturating_sub(x0).saturating_add(1).saturating_mul(y1.saturating_sub(y0).saturating_add(1));
+            let Some(cells) = usize::try_from(cells).ok().filter(|&c| cells <= Self::MAX_CELLS && c <= budget) else {
+                wide.push(k);
+                continue;
+            };
+            budget -= cells;
+            for x in x0..=x1 {
+                for y in y0..=y1 {
+                    grid.entry((x, y)).or_default().push(k);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Self { segs, at, closed: sp.closed, cell, grid, wide }
+    }
+
+    fn cell_of(p: Point, cell: f64) -> (i64, i64) {
+        ((p.x / cell).floor() as i64, (p.y / cell).floor() as i64)
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.at.last().copied().unwrap_or(0.0)
+    }
+
+    /// The lengths along the subpath to each of its segments' places nearest `p` that are within
+    /// [`ON_SOURCE`] of it (more than one where the subpath passes `p` again).
+    fn places(&self, p: Point) -> Vec<f64> {
+        use kurbo::{ParamCurve, ParamCurveArclen, ParamCurveNearest};
+        let near = self.grid.get(&Self::cell_of(p, self.cell)).map(Vec::as_slice).unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut out = vec![];
+        for &k in near.iter().chain(&self.wide) {
+            let Some(s) = self.segs.get(k) else { continue };
+            let n = s.nearest(p, 1e-9);
+            if n.distance_sq <= ON_SOURCE * ON_SOURCE {
+                out.push(self.at.get(k).copied().unwrap_or(0.0) + s.subsegment(0.0..n.t).arclen(Self::ACCURACY));
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// The signed length from `a` to `b` along the subpath (the shorter way round a closed one).
+    fn step(&self, a: f64, b: f64) -> f64 {
+        let (d, len) = (b - a, self.len());
+        if self.closed && len > 0.0 { d - len * (d / len).round() } else { d }
+    }
+
+    /// Of `places`, the one nearest along the subpath to `target`.
+    fn nearest(&self, places: &[f64], target: f64) -> Option<f64> {
+        places.iter().copied().min_by(|x, y| self.step(*x, target).abs().total_cmp(&self.step(*y, target).abs()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Where edge `edge` runs along its source path, whose subpaths' tracks are `tracks`: the length
+/// along the source subpath to the edge's start, whether the edge starts at that subpath's start and
+/// ends at its end (an open subpath), and whether it runs the whole subpath. The middle of the
+/// edge's first segment places it, and its ends are taken where they lie that far along the source,
+/// so a path that passes a point twice is told apart. An edge that runs against the direction of its
+/// source is reversed first, and a closed edge as long as its closed source is started at the anchor
+/// where its source starts (one with no anchor there, or a shorter loop cut from a source that
+/// crosses itself, does not count as running the whole subpath). `None` when the edge is
+/// not a single piece found on the source.
+fn edge_run(tracks: &[Track], edge: &mut PathData) -> Option<(f64, bool, bool, bool)> {
+    use kurbo::{ParamCurve, ParamCurveArclen};
+    let [sp] = edge.subpaths.as_slice() else { return None };
+    if sp.segment_count() == 0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let (a, z) = (sp.anchors.first()?.p, if sp.closed { sp.anchors.first()?.p } else { sp.anchors.last()?.p });
+    let first = sp.segment(0);
+    let mid = first.eval(0.5);
+    let half = first.subsegment(0.0..0.5).arclen(Track::ACCURACY);
+    let length = sp.anchor_arc_positions().last().copied().unwrap_or(0.0);
+    let edge_closed = sp.closed;
+    // (how far off the fit is, track, start, end, runs forward) for the subpath that fits best.
+    let mut found: Option<(f64, &Track, f64, f64, bool)> = None;
+    for track in tracks {
+        // The start lies half the first segment before its middle along the source, or after it
+        // when the edge runs the other way: take the place and way that fit best.
+        let starts_at = track.places(a);
+        let mut best: Option<(f64, f64, bool)> = None;
+        for pm in track.places(mid) {
+            for forward in [true, false] {
+                let Some(pa) = track.nearest(&starts_at, if forward { pm - half } else { pm + half }) else { continue };
+                let miss = (if forward { track.step(pa, pm) } else { track.step(pm, pa) } - half).abs();
+                if best.is_none_or(|(m, _, _)| miss < m) {
+                    best = Some((miss, pa, forward));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let Some((miss, pa, forward)) = best else { continue };
+        let target = if forward { pa + length } else { pa - length };
+        let Some(pz) = track.nearest(&track.places(z), target) else { continue };
+        let miss = miss + track.step(pz, target).abs();
+        if found.is_none_or(|(m, ..)| miss < m) {
+            found = Some((miss, track, pa, pz, forward));
+        }
+    }
+    let (_, track, pa, pz, forward) = found?;
+    let (from, to) = if forward { (pa, pz) } else { (pz, pa) };
+    if !forward {
+        edge.reverse();
+    }
+    let open = !track.closed;
+    let starts = open && from <= ON_SOURCE;
+    let ends = open && to >= track.len() - ON_SOURCE;
+    if open {
+        return Some((from, starts, ends, starts && ends));
+    }
+    // A closed edge runs the whole closed subpath, from the anchor the planar map starts it at.
+    // Start it at the anchor where the source starts, so settings that follow the path begin there.
+    let start = track.segs.first().map(|s| s.start())?;
+    let moved = edge_closed
+        && (length - track.len()).abs() <= ON_SOURCE.max(track.len() * 1e-4)
+        && edge.subpaths.first_mut().is_some_and(|sp| match sp.anchors.iter().position(|a| a.p.distance(start) <= ON_SOURCE) {
+            Some(k) => {
+                sp.anchors.rotate_left(k);
+                true
+            }
+            None => false,
+        });
+    Some((if moved { 0.0 } else { from }, false, false, moved))
+}
+
+/// Fit stroke row `row` of a source path to an edge cut from it, which runs as [`edge_run`] says
+/// (`None`: not known): its dashes go on from where the edge starts along the source, with the
+/// lengths set and without the fit of dashes aligned to corners and path ends, its arrowheads stay only at the source's own ends, and its width profile and brush, which spread
+/// over the whole path, stay only on an edge that runs the whole path.
+fn fit_to_edge(row: &mut AppearanceItem, run: Option<(f64, bool, bool, bool)>) {
+    let AppearanceItem::Stroke(s) = row else { return };
+    let (from, starts, ends, whole) = run.unwrap_or((0.0, false, false, false));
+    if !whole {
+        if let Some(d) = &mut s.dash
+            && run.is_some()
+        {
+            d.offset += from;
+            d.align_corners = false;
+        }
+        s.profile = None;
+        s.brush = None;
+    }
+    if !starts {
+        s.start_arrow = None;
+    }
+    if !ends {
+        s.end_arrow = None;
+    }
+}
+
 /// The planar map's inputs from `sources` (paths and compound paths, back → front), with the
-/// fill, stroke and stroke width of each.
-fn source_shapes(sources: &[Arc<Node>]) -> (Vec<po::Shape>, Vec<(Paint, Paint, f64)>) {
+/// style of each.
+fn source_shapes(sources: &[Arc<Node>]) -> (Vec<po::Shape>, Vec<SourceStyle>) {
     let mut lv = vec![];
     for n in sources {
         b::leaf_shapes(n, &mut lv);
     }
     let mut shapes = vec![];
-    let mut styles: Vec<(Paint, Paint, f64)> = vec![];
+    let mut styles: Vec<SourceStyle> = vec![];
     for l in lv {
         if let Some((path, rule)) = b::node_outline(l)
             && !path.is_empty()
         {
             shapes.push(po::Shape::new(path, rule, styles.len() as u64));
-            let a = &l.appearance;
-            styles.push((a.fill_paint(), a.stroke_paint(), a.stroke().map(|s| s.width).unwrap_or(1.0)));
+            styles.push(SourceStyle::of(l));
         }
     }
     (shapes, styles)
@@ -462,17 +714,35 @@ fn build_children(d: &mut Document, sources: Vec<Arc<Node>>, max_gap: Option<f64
     let nfaces = regs.len();
     for r in regs {
         let id = d.alloc_id();
-        let fill = r.top().and_then(|t| styles.get(t)).map_or(Paint::None, |s| s.0.clone());
-        let mut n = Node::path(id, r.path, fill_only(fill));
+        let mut n = Node::path(id, r.path, fill_only(Paint::None));
         n.name = Some(FACE_NAME.into());
+        // The front-most covering source with a fill that draws gives the face its fill rows.
+        if let Some(s) = r.sources.iter().rev().filter_map(|&t| styles.get(t)).find(|s| !s.fills.is_empty()) {
+            s.paint(&mut n, &s.fills);
+        }
         children.push(Arc::new(n));
     }
     let nedges = edges.len();
+    // The tracks of the sources whose edges need them, measured once each.
+    let mut tracks: HashMap<usize, Vec<Track>> = HashMap::new();
     for e in edges {
-        let Some((_, stroke, w)) = styles.get(e.key as usize) else { continue };
+        let key = e.key as usize;
+        let Some(s) = styles.get(key) else { continue };
+        let mut path = e.path;
+        let mut rows = s.strokes.clone();
+        if rows.iter().any(depends_on_place) {
+            let source = tracks
+                .entry(key)
+                .or_insert_with(|| shapes.get(key).map(|src| src.path.subpaths.iter().map(Track::new).collect()).unwrap_or_default());
+            let run = edge_run(source, &mut path);
+            for r in &mut rows {
+                fit_to_edge(r, run);
+            }
+        }
         let id = d.alloc_id();
-        let mut n = Node::path(id, e.path, stroke_only(stroke.clone(), *w));
+        let mut n = Node::path(id, path, stroke_only(Paint::None, s.width));
         n.name = Some(EDGE_NAME.into());
+        s.paint(&mut n, &rows);
         children.push(Arc::new(n));
     }
     Ok((children, nfaces, nedges))
@@ -481,8 +751,9 @@ fn build_children(d: &mut Document, sources: Vec<Arc<Node>>, max_gap: Option<f64
 /// Give the faces and edges of `g`, a Live Paint group made again from the sources of `old`, the
 /// look of `old`'s face or edge where they lie: each face takes everything but the outline (its
 /// appearance, none included, its transparency and the rest) of the old face its inside point is
-/// in, and each edge that of the old edge its middle lies on. Faces and edges where `old` had none
-/// keep the paint of their sources.
+/// in, and each edge that of the old edge its middle lies on, with the old edge's stroke rows fitted
+/// to the part of it the new edge runs, as [`fit_to_edge`] fits a source's rows. Faces and edges
+/// where `old` had none keep the paint of their sources.
 fn repaint_from(g: &mut Node, old: &Node) {
     /// How far an edge's middle may be from the old edge it lies on.
     const ON_EDGE: f64 = 1e-3;
@@ -505,7 +776,30 @@ fn repaint_from(g: &mut Node, old: &Node) {
             n.id = c.id;
             n.kind = c.kind.clone();
             n.bbox_angle = c.bbox_angle;
+            // An edge cut from the old one takes the old edge's dashes, arrowheads, width profile
+            // and brush as they fall on its part of the old edge.
+            if c.name.as_deref() == Some(EDGE_NAME)
+                && let Some(old_path) = was.path_data()
+            {
+                fit_to_old_edge(&mut n, old_path);
+            }
             *c = Arc::new(n);
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Fit the stroke rows of edge `n`, which it took from an old edge whose outline is `old`, to the
+/// part of the old edge that `n` runs, as [`fit_to_edge`] fits a source's rows to an edge cut from
+/// it; `n` is reversed when it runs against the old edge.
+fn fit_to_old_edge(n: &mut Node, old: &PathData) {
+    if !n.appearance.items.iter().any(depends_on_place) {
+        return;
+    }
+    let tracks: Vec<Track> = old.subpaths.iter().map(Track::new).collect();
+    let run = n.path_data_mut().and_then(|path| edge_run(&tracks, path));
+    let mut a = (*n.appearance).clone();
+    for r in &mut a.items {
+        fit_to_edge(r, run);
+    }
+    n.appearance = a.into();
+}
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds/live_paint.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds/live_paint.rs
index 20e22d261e..8dcd453650 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds/live_paint.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds/live_paint.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use super::{
     Appearance, AppearanceItem, Arc, Beside, Document, EDGE_NAME, EngineError, FACE_NAME, GapOptions, GapSize, LIVE_PAINT_NAME, Node, NodeId,
-    PathData, Point, Rect, Result, SOURCES_NAME, Selection, Session, SubPath, Value, b, bad, build_children, edge_near, face_at, finite, ids_json,
-    is_live_paint, json, number_or, object_param, paint_from, po, point_param, repaint_from, replace_roots, root_ids, source_nodes, source_shapes,
-    switch_or,
+    PathData, Point, Rect, Result, SOURCES_NAME, Selection, Session, SubPath, Value, b, bad, build_children, edge_near, face_at, finite,
+    fit_to_old_edge, ids_json, is_live_paint, json, number_or, object_param, paint_from, po, point_param, repaint_from, replace_roots, root_ids,
+    source_nodes, source_shapes, switch_or,
 };
 
 /// `options` as stored on a Live Paint group: none for the defaults.
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ pub(super) fn lp_make(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     Ok(json!({ "id": id.0, "faces": faces, "edges": edges }))
 }
 
+/// How far, in points, the middle of an edge Merge makes may be from the old edge it lies on.
+const ON_OLD_EDGE: f64 = 1e-3;
+
 /// What Merge carries from a face or edge to the part it makes again in its place, another path:
 /// the appearance, visibility, opacity and blending mode. Gradients fitted to the old outline keep
 /// that fit, and the strokes' pen pressure, tilt, bearing and rotation stay behind.
@@ -125,18 +128,11 @@ fn merge_live(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut Selection, roots: &[NodeId]) -> Result
         .ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("Live Paint Merge: select a Live Paint group and the paths to add".into()))?;
     check_live_paint_takes(d, roots)?;
     let old = d.node(target).cloned().ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(target))?;
-    // Paint to carry over: (point inside face, paint) for faces that draw, and (point on edge,
-    // paint) for every edge.
+    // Paint to carry over: (point inside face, paint) for faces that draw; edges are matched to the
+    // old edges below.
     let keep_faces: Vec<(Point, Carried)> =
         b::faces(&old).iter().filter(|f| draws(f)).filter_map(|f| Some((po::interior_point(f.path_data()?)?, Carried::of(f)))).collect();
-    let keep_edges: Vec<(Point, Carried)> = b::edges(&old)
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|e| {
-            let pd = e.path_data()?;
-            let sp = pd.subpaths.first().filter(|sp| sp.segment_count() > 0)?;
-            Some((kurbo::ParamCurve::eval(&sp.segment(0), 0.5), Carried::of(e)))
-        })
-        .collect();
+    let old_parts = old.clone();
     let mut sources = source_nodes(&old);
     for r in roots {
         if *r != target {
@@ -162,12 +158,24 @@ fn merge_live(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut Selection, roots: &[NodeId]) -> Result
             carried.onto(Arc::make_mut(f));
         }
     }
-    for (pt, carried) in keep_edges {
-        if let Some(eid) = edge_near(&g, pt, 0.5).map(|e| e.id)
-            && let Some(ch) = g.children_mut()
-            && let Some(e) = ch.iter_mut().find(|c| c.id == eid)
-        {
-            carried.onto(Arc::make_mut(e));
+    // Each edge whose middle lies on an old edge, every piece of an edge an added path cuts
+    // included, takes the old edge's paint, with its rows fitted to its part of the old edge.
+    if let Some(ch) = g.children_mut() {
+        for c in ch.iter_mut().filter(|c| c.name.as_deref() == Some(EDGE_NAME)) {
+            let Some(mid) = c
+                .path_data()
+                .and_then(|pd| pd.subpaths.first())
+                .filter(|sp| sp.segment_count() > 0)
+                .map(|sp| kurbo::ParamCurve::eval(&sp.segment(0), 0.5))
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let Some(was) = edge_near(&old_parts, mid, ON_OLD_EDGE) else { continue };
+            let e = Arc::make_mut(c);
+            Carried::of(was).onto(e);
+            if let Some(outline) = was.path_data() {
+                fit_to_old_edge(e, outline);
+            }
         }
     }
     let mut merged = Beside::replacing(d, roots);
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd.rs
index 041476a2ed..118773cfc8 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Effect, Node, NodeKind, StrokeLayer};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{FillRule, PathData};
 use vectorcraft_render::effects;
 
-use super::appearance::{ItemTarget, aligned, appearance_targets, edit_targets, index_param, item_indices, item_target, item_target_at};
+use super::appearance::{
+    ItemTarget, aligned, appearance_targets, design_reference, edit_targets, index_param, item_indices, item_target, item_target_at, with_reference,
+};
 use super::expand::has_seeded;
 use super::rasterfx;
 use super::{CommandSpec, EngineError, NodeId, Result, Session, always, bad, check_switches, cmd, fileio, has_doc, str_param, switch_or};
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ fn effect_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Apply Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{effect: id (see effect.list, e.g. \"stylize.dropShadow\", \"distort.roughen\", \"warp.arc\", or \"plugin.<id>\" for an installed effect plug-in), params?: {…} (missing keys take the dialog defaults), item?: appearance item index|null (apply to that fill/stroke only; omitted: the Appearance panel's active item, else the whole object), ids?|id?: [..] (layers too), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\" (contents: the objects inside groups and layers)} append a live effect to each selected object's appearance (a group's or layer's apply to its members as one piece: one combined shadow; a Pathfinder effect, which combines a group's contents, groups several loose selected objects first, in the same undo step); the art of a graph design in a graph series is left out, and objects that are all such art are an error (docs/mcp.md) → {ids, index, item, grouped?}",
+            "{effect: id (see effect.list, e.g. \"stylize.dropShadow\", \"distort.roughen\", \"warp.arc\", or \"plugin.<id>\" for an installed effect plug-in), params?: {…} (missing keys take the dialog defaults), item?: appearance item index|null (apply to that fill/stroke only; omitted: the Appearance panel's active item, else the whole object), ids?|id?: [..] (layers too), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\" (contents: the objects inside groups and layers), aligned?: bool (item is a row of the first target's stack: each other target gets the effect on its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, a row of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} append a live effect to each selected object's appearance (a group's or layer's apply to its members as one piece: one combined shadow; a Pathfinder effect, which combines a group's contents, groups several loose selected objects first, in the same undo step); the art of a graph design in a graph series is left out, and objects that are all such art are an error (docs/mcp.md) → {ids, index, item, grouped?}",
             has_doc,
             apply
         ),
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ fn effect_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Remove Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: int (position in the effect list), indices?: [int] (several positions in the same list instead of index, removed in one undo step; every one must exist), item?: appearance item index|null (that fill/stroke's effects; omitted: the active item, else the object's), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection)} → {ids}",
+            "{index: int (position in the effect list), indices?: [int] (several positions in the same list instead of index, removed in one undo step; every one must exist), item?: appearance item index|null (that fill/stroke's effects; omitted: the active item, else the object's), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, rows of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             remove
         ),
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ fn effect_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Effect Options",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: int, params?: {…} (merged into the current parameters), warpStyle?: string (an existing Warp style suffix, e.g. arc or flag; changes only an applied Warp in place; params are checked against the new style), threeDType?: plane|extrude|revolve|inflate (the 3D and Materials panel's object type: changes only an applied 3D effect in place into Rotate, Extrude & Bevel, Revolve or Inflate; the settings the new effect also takes keep their values, rotation angles wrapped into -180..180 outside Revolve, and the others start at its defaults; params then merge into the new effect's; the type the effect already has, with nothing else given, changes nothing and records no undo step), visible?: bool (any other value but null is refused, when a step plays too), item?: appearance item index|null (as effect.remove), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection)} → {ids}",
+            "{index: int, params?: {…} (merged into the current parameters), warpStyle?: string (an existing Warp style suffix, e.g. arc or flag; changes only an applied Warp in place; params are checked against the new style), threeDType?: plane|extrude|revolve|inflate (the 3D and Materials panel's object type: changes only an applied 3D effect in place into Rotate, Extrude & Bevel, Revolve or Inflate; the settings the new effect also takes keep their values, rotation angles wrapped into -180..180 outside Revolve, and the others start at its defaults; params then merge into the new effect's; the type the effect already has, with nothing else given, changes nothing and records no undo step), visible?: bool (any other value but null is refused, when a step plays too), item?: appearance item index|null (as effect.remove), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, rows of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             set_params
         ),
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ fn effect_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "3D Lighting Preset",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: int, preset: standard|diffuse|topLeft|right, item?: appearance item index|null (omitted: the active item, else the object's), ids?|id?: [..], target?: object|contents, aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection)} replace an applied 3D effect's light rig and ambient with an original lighting preset; preserve shading, geometry and view; all targets must have a 3D effect at index other than Extrude & Bevel (Classic), Revolve (Classic) or Rotate (Classic), which have no lighting presets; one undo step → {ids}",
+            "{index: int, preset: standard|diffuse|topLeft|right, item?: appearance item index|null (omitted: the active item, else the object's), ids?|id?: [..], target?: object|contents, aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, rows of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} replace an applied 3D effect's light rig and ambient with an original lighting preset; preserve shading, geometry and view; all targets must have a 3D effect at index other than Extrude & Bevel (Classic), Revolve (Classic) or Rotate (Classic), which have no lighting presets; one undo step → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             lighting_preset
         ),
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ fn effect_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Duplicate Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: int, indices?: [int] (several positions in the same list instead of index; every one must exist), item?: appearance item index|null (as effect.remove), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection)} insert a copy of each effect right after it, in one undo step → {ids}",
+            "{index: int, indices?: [int] (several positions in the same list instead of index; every one must exist), item?: appearance item index|null (as effect.remove), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, rows of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} insert a copy of each effect right after it, in one undo step → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             duplicate
         ),
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ fn effect_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Move Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{from: int|[int] (position in the source list; a list moves several effects of that list, which keep their order and land together), to: int (the position of the (first) moved effect in the destination list afterwards), fromItem?: appearance item index|null (the source list: that fill/stroke's effects, null the object's; omitted: the active item, else the object's), toItem?: item index|null (the destination list; default: the source list), copy?: bool (copy instead of move, as Alt-dragging the row), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (refused when the targets' appearances differ)} reorder an effect or move it between the object and its fills/strokes, as one undo step → {ids, index, item}",
+            "{from: int|[int] (position in the source list; a list moves several effects of that list, which keep their order and land together), to: int (the position of the (first) moved effect in the destination list afterwards), fromItem?: appearance item index|null (the source list: that fill/stroke's effects, null the object's; omitted: the active item, else the object's), toItem?: item index|null (the destination list; default: the source list), copy?: bool (copy instead of move, as Alt-dragging the row), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (refused when the targets' appearances differ, or differ from that of a graph design's art given first)} reorder an effect or move it between the object and its fills/strokes, as one undo step → {ids, index, item}",
             has_doc,
             move_effect
         ),
@@ -296,14 +298,20 @@ fn ids_json(ids: &[NodeId]) -> Value {
 /// effects it edits (`None`: the object's own) and the effect's index there. With `aligned` (see
 /// [`ItemTarget::per_target`]) `item` and `index` are the first target's, and each other target
 /// edits its equal item, or its equal object-level effect, each target matched on its own whatever
-/// the other targets have; in a target without them, `item` and `index` stand for themselves.
+/// the other targets have; in a target without them, `item` and `index` stand for themselves. When the first object
+/// given is the art of a graph design in a series ([`design_reference`]), which is left out, they are rows of its stack,
+/// and a target without them is left out.
 pub(crate) fn effect_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, item: ItemTarget, index: usize, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<(NodeId, Option<usize>, usize)>> {
-    let roots = edit_targets(s, p)?;
+    let roots = edit_targets(s, p, cmd)?;
+    let of = reference_of(s, p, item, cmd)?;
     let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
-    let per = item.per_target(s, &roots);
-    let first = roots.first().and_then(|f| d.node(*f));
+    let per = item.per_target_of(s, of, &roots);
+    let first = of.or_else(|| roots.first().copied()).and_then(|f| d.node(f));
     // Whether `item` names an item in the stack it is a row of (else the edit is object-level there).
-    let anchor = roots.get(item.anchor(s, &roots)).and_then(|a| d.node(*a));
+    let anchor = match of {
+        Some(of) => d.node(of),
+        None => roots.get(item.anchor(s, &roots)).and_then(|a| d.node(*a)),
+    };
     let anchor_level = anchor.map(|a| item.effects_item(&a.appearance, cmd)).transpose()?.flatten();
     let aligned = aligned(p, cmd)?;
     let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(roots.len());
@@ -312,7 +320,11 @@ pub(crate) fn effect_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, item: ItemTarget, index: us
         let at = item.effects_item(&n.appearance, cmd)?;
         // An object-level effect this target shares with the first is where it is in this target.
         let index = match (first.filter(|_| aligned), at, anchor_level) {
-            (Some(f), None, None) => SharedStack::of(&[&*f.appearance, &*n.appearance]).effect_in(index, 1).unwrap_or(index),
+            (Some(f), None, None) => match SharedStack::of(&[&*f.appearance, &*n.appearance]).effect_in(index, 1) {
+                Some(i) => i,
+                None if of.is_some() && index != APPENDED => continue,
+                None => index,
+            },
             _ => index,
         };
         out.push((*id, at, index));
@@ -320,6 +332,19 @@ pub(crate) fn effect_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, item: ItemTarget, index: us
     Ok(out)
 }
 
+/// The effect index `effect.apply` gives [`effect_targets`] for the effect it appends, which names no effect the targets
+/// have.
+const APPENDED: usize = usize::MAX;
+
+/// The [`design_reference`] of an effect edit aimed at `item`: none for the Appearance panel's active row, which is a
+/// row of the first selected object's stack.
+fn reference_of(s: &Session, p: &Value, item: ItemTarget, cmd: &str) -> Result<Option<NodeId>> {
+    if matches!(item, ItemTarget::Item { explicit: false, .. }) {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    design_reference(s, p, cmd)
+}
+
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn edit_effects(
     s: &mut Session,
@@ -362,6 +387,20 @@ fn edit_effects_at(
     indices: &[usize],
     mut f: impl FnMut(&mut Vec<Effect>, &[usize]) -> bool,
 ) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+    // With a graph design's art given first, the indices are effects of its list: one it doesn't have names no effect,
+    // and the edit is refused as a whole, as it is in a list that lacks one of them.
+    if let Some(of) = reference_of(s, p, item, cmd)?
+        && let Some(n) = s.doc()?.doc.node(of)
+    {
+        let ap = &n.appearance;
+        let len = match item.effects_item(ap, cmd)? {
+            None => ap.effects.len(),
+            Some(i) => ap.items.get(i).map_or(0, |it| it.effects().len()),
+        };
+        if indices.iter().any(|i| *i >= len) {
+            return Err(EngineError::Other(none.into()));
+        }
+    }
     // Each target's list and the positions in it, in the order the targets first come up.
     let mut targets: Vec<(NodeId, Option<usize>, Vec<usize>)> = vec![];
     for &index in indices {
@@ -453,13 +492,18 @@ pub(crate) fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         return Ok(json!({ "ids": [gid.0], "index": 0, "item": null, "grouped": true }));
     }
     let item = item_target(s, p, C)?;
+    // The item as each target has it, read before the effect changes their rows: a row of a graph design's art, which is
+    // left out of the targets, is the row equal to it there, and a target without one is left out.
+    let targets = edit_targets(s, p, C)?;
+    let of = reference_of(s, p, item, C)?;
+    let per: Vec<(NodeId, Option<ItemTarget>)> = targets.iter().copied().zip(item.per_target_of(s, of, &targets)).collect();
     if effects::is_three_d(id) {
-        let targets = edit_targets(s, p)?;
-        for (target, at) in targets.iter().copied().zip(item.per_target(s, &targets)) {
+        for &(target, at) in &per {
+            let Some(at) = at else { continue };
             let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
             let n = d.node(target).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(target))?;
             // A new effect goes after the item's (or the object's) others.
-            let on = at.and_then(|at| at.effects_item(&n.appearance, C).ok()).flatten();
+            let on = at.effects_item(&n.appearance, C).ok().flatten();
             let on = on.and_then(|i| Some((Some(i), n.appearance.items.get(i)?.effects().len())));
             let on = on.unwrap_or((None, n.appearance.effects.len()));
             effects::validate_three_d_at_in(Some(d), n, id, &effect.params, on).map_err(|e| bad(C, e))?;
@@ -474,14 +518,19 @@ pub(crate) fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             }
         }
     }
-    let ids = edit_effects(s, p, item, C, &label, "Apply Effect: select objects", 0, |fx, _| {
+    let ids = edit_effects(s, p, item, C, &label, "Apply Effect: select objects", APPENDED, |fx, _| {
         fx.push(effect.clone());
         true
     })?;
     // The item the effect landed on in the object whose row the item is (the first selected object
     // for the active item, which applies where it fits), and the effect's index in that object.
-    let first = ids.get(item.anchor(s, &ids)).and_then(|id| s.doc().ok()?.doc.node(*id));
-    let landed = first.and_then(|n| item.effects_item(&n.appearance, C).ok().flatten());
+    let k = item.anchor(s, &ids);
+    let first = ids.get(k).and_then(|id| s.doc().ok()?.doc.node(*id));
+    let at = match of {
+        Some(_) => ids.get(k).and_then(|id| per.iter().find(|(t, _)| t == id)).and_then(|(_, at)| *at).unwrap_or(item),
+        None => item,
+    };
+    let landed = first.and_then(|n| at.effects_item(&n.appearance, C).ok().flatten());
     let index = first.and_then(|n| n.appearance.effects_at(landed)).map_or(0, |fx| fx.len().saturating_sub(1));
     Ok(json!({ "ids": ids_json(&ids), "index": index, "item": landed }))
 }
@@ -495,7 +544,7 @@ fn loose_for_pathfinder(s: &Session, p: &Value, id: &str) -> Result<Option<Vec<N
     }
     let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
     // The art of a graph design in a series stays where the graph draws it.
-    let roots = super::appearance::without_design_art(d, super::appearance::subject_roots(s)?, "appearance")?;
+    let roots = super::appearance::without_design_art(d, super::appearance::subject_roots(s)?, "effect.apply")?;
     let grouped = roots.iter().any(|r| d.node(*r).is_some_and(|n| matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Group { clip: false, .. } | NodeKind::Layer { .. })));
     Ok((roots.len() >= 2 && !grouped).then_some(roots))
 }
@@ -608,9 +657,9 @@ fn move_effect(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let src = item_target_at(s, p, "fromItem", C)?;
     let dst = if p.get("toItem").is_some() { item_target_at(s, p, "toItem", C)? } else { src };
     let copy = switch_or(p, "copy", false, C)?;
-    let roots = edit_targets(s, p)?;
+    let roots = edit_targets(s, p, C)?;
     // Where an aligned effect would go in each of several different stacks isn't one place.
-    if aligned(p, C)? && super::appearance::appearances_differ(&s.doc()?.doc, &roots) {
+    if aligned(p, C)? && super::appearance::appearances_differ(&s.doc()?.doc, &with_reference(design_reference(s, p, C)?, &roots)) {
         return Err(bad(C, "effects of objects whose appearances differ can't be moved together"));
     }
     // Where the effect landed in each object it moved in, in the order of `ids`.
@@ -835,11 +884,13 @@ pub(crate) fn set_params(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 const GLASS: &str = "distort.glass";
 /// Effect › Texture › Texturizer.
 const TEXTURIZER: &str = "texture.texturizer";
+/// Effect › Artistic › Rough Pastels.
+const ROUGH_PASTELS: &str = "artistic.roughPastels";
 
 /// Does effect `id` have Load Texture: a `textureImage` that `effect.apply` reads from an image
-/// file (Glass, Texturizer)?
+/// file (Glass, Texturizer, Rough Pastels)?
 pub(crate) fn texture_load_effect(id: &str) -> bool {
-    id == GLASS || id == TEXTURIZER
+    id == GLASS || id == TEXTURIZER || id == ROUGH_PASTELS
 }
 
 /// Glass's `textureImage` in `params` as Glass stores it: an image file (`{path}`, or `{name?,
@@ -896,8 +947,11 @@ fn can_expand(s: &Session) -> std::result::Result<(), String> {
     has_doc(s)?;
     let ids = appearance_targets(s, &Value::Null).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
     let d = &s.doc().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.doc;
+    // The art of a graph design in a series, selected or inside a selected graph, is drawn again from the design.
+    let ids = super::appearance::drop_design_art(d, ids);
     // A dimension selected with the art it measures is left as it is.
-    let kept = super::dimension::with_their_art(d, &ids);
+    let mut kept = super::dimension::with_their_art(d, &ids);
+    kept.extend(super::appearance::design_art_in(d, &ids));
     if ids.iter().filter_map(|id| d.node(*id)).any(|n| expandable_except(n, &kept)) {
         Ok(())
     } else {
@@ -1223,12 +1277,22 @@ fn holds_plugin_effect(d: &Document, n: &Node, in_art: bool, seen: &mut std::col
 }
 
 fn expand_appearance(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
-    let roots = appearance_targets(s, p)?;
+    let roots = edit_targets(s, p, "effect.expandAppearance")?;
     // In Safe Mode a plug-in effect draws nothing: expanding it would drop the effect and keep the
     // geometry it hasn't changed.
     if vectorcraft_plugins::safe_mode::active() {
-        // A dimension selected with the art it measures is left as it is.
-        let d = &*super::dimension::without_kept(&s.doc()?.doc, &roots);
+        // A dimension selected with the art it measures is left as it is, and so is the art of a graph design in a
+        // series.
+        let mut d = super::dimension::without_kept(&s.doc()?.doc, &roots);
+        let designs = super::appearance::design_art_in(&d, &roots);
+        if !designs.is_empty() {
+            let view = d.to_mut();
+            for id in designs {
+                // Art already gone (inside other art removed) needs nothing more.
+                let _ = view.remove(id);
+            }
+        }
+        let d = &*d;
         let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
         if roots.iter().filter_map(|id| d.node(*id)).any(|n| holds_plugin_effect(d, n, false, &mut seen)) {
             return Err(EngineError::Other("Expand Appearance: a plug-in effect in the selection can't be expanded in Safe Mode".into()));
@@ -1238,6 +1302,10 @@ fn expand_appearance(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let colorized_ok = super::paint::check_colorized(&s.doc()?.doc).is_ok();
     let ids = s.edit("Expand Appearance", |d, _| {
         let before = d.clone();
+        // The art of graph designs in the graphs and series among the roots stays as the graph draws it. A group whose
+        // own effect turns it into other art as a whole (a blur, feather or inner glow makes it an image) takes its
+        // art into that art, which draws it, so that art has no place to go back to.
+        let designs = super::appearance::design_art_in(d, &roots);
         // A dimension selected with the art it measures keeps its own lines and label: it is out
         // of the document while the art expands.
         let lifted = super::dimension::lift(d, &roots);
@@ -1249,6 +1317,15 @@ fn expand_appearance(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         for id in &roots {
             expand_node(d, *id, &brushes, &mut out);
         }
+        for id in &designs {
+            if let (Some(was), Some(slot)) = (before.node(*id), d.node_mut(*id)) {
+                *slot = was.clone();
+            }
+        }
+        if !designs.is_empty() {
+            // A mark that expands into a group stays listed: only what lies in the restored art is left out.
+            out.retain(|id| d.node(*id).is_some() && !d.ancestry(*id).is_some_and(|up| up.iter().any(|a| designs.contains(a))));
+        }
         super::dimension::put_back(d, lifted);
         // A dimension whose source was replaced stays where it was, no longer linked.
         super::dimension::restore_unchanged(&before, d, ended);
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd/graphics.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd/graphics.rs
index 9f4b89d2f4..e80c1b2d36 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd/graphics.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd/graphics.rs
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ fn map_graphic(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         effect_targets(s, p, item, index, C)?
     } else {
         let mut out = vec![];
-        for id in edit_targets(s, p)? {
+        for id in edit_targets(s, p, C)? {
             let (item, index) = d.node(id).and_then(first_three_d).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, format!("object {} needs a 3D effect", id.0)))?;
             out.push((id, item, index));
         }
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio.rs
index 6995075d2f..6d972beda8 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub mod jxlread;
 mod legacy_ai;
 mod load;
 mod mesh3d;
-pub(crate) use load::{MAX_RASTER_ALLOC, size_note};
+pub(crate) use load::{MAX_RASTER_ALLOC, file_clipped, size_note};
 mod heifread;
 mod hpgl;
 mod jp2read;
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/load.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/load.rs
index 7ed3fb723d..60aace2351 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/load.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/load.rs
@@ -1074,16 +1074,32 @@ pub(super) fn raster_doc(name: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Document> {
     let layer = d.layers[0].id;
     let id = d.alloc_id();
     let xf = Affine::scale_non_uniform(sx, sy);
-    let mut n = Node::new(
+    let n = Node::new(
         id,
         NodeKind::Image(Box::new(ImageObject { key: key.clone(), width, height, xf, link: None, placement: Default::default(), pixels: None })),
     );
+    let mut n = file_clipped(&mut d, n, psdread::clipping_path(bytes));
     n.name = Some(name.to_string());
     d.images.insert(key, blob);
     d.insert(Some(layer), 0, n).map_err(err)?;
     Ok(d)
 }
 
+/// Image `image` of `d` clipped by `clip`, the clipping path its file names in the image's pixel
+/// space (a PSD or PSB file's, [`psdread::clipping_path`]): a clip group of that path (even-odd,
+/// with no paint) and the image. Without one the image stays as it is.
+pub(crate) fn file_clipped(d: &mut Document, image: Node, clip: Option<vectorcraft_geom::PathData>) -> Node {
+    let (Some(mut path), NodeKind::Image(im)) = (clip, &image.kind) else { return image };
+    path.transform(im.xf);
+    let none = vectorcraft_color::Paint::None;
+    let mut clip = Node::path(d.alloc_id(), path, vectorcraft_doc::Appearance::basic(none.clone(), none, 0.0));
+    if let NodeKind::Path { clipping, rule, .. } = &mut clip.kind {
+        *clipping = true;
+        *rule = vectorcraft_geom::FillRule::EvenOdd;
+    }
+    Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Group { children: vec![std::sync::Arc::new(clip), std::sync::Arc::new(image)], clip: true })
+}
+
 /// Does this import note say that the file has something the document doesn't?
 fn is_loss(note: &str) -> bool {
     note == vectorcraft_pdf::OFF_ARTBOARD_NOTE || vectorcraft_eps::is_loss(note)
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/psdread.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/psdread.rs
index 93e7b61f17..28b44d6197 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/psdread.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/psdread.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 //! File › Place (#918): the merged image, the flattened picture every PSD carries after its layers,
 //! as a linked PSD shows. Written from Adobe's public "Photoshop File Formats Specification"
 //! (<https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/>). File › Open reads the
-//! layers with [`super::psdlayers`], which shares this reader.
+//! layers with [`super::psdlayers`], which shares this reader. The clipping path a document names
+//! ([`clipping_path`]) clips its merged image where it opens or is placed.
 //!
 //! Every mode Photoshop saves a merged image in is read: Bitmap, Grayscale, Duotone (as its
 //! grayscale data), Indexed, RGB, CMYK and Lab, at 1, 8, 16 and 32 bits per channel, stored raw,
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::io::Read;
 
 use vectorcraft_color::cms::{Lab, lab::lab_to_srgb};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Anchor, AnchorKind, PathData, Point, SubPath};
 
 /// Photoshop's colour modes (the header's numbers), as far as the merged image is concerned.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -154,30 +156,113 @@ pub(super) fn header<'a>(r: &mut Reader<'a>) -> Result<Header<'a>, String> {
 pub fn resolution(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<(f64, f64)> {
     let mut r = Reader::new(bytes);
     let h = header(&mut r).ok()?;
-    let mut r = Reader::new(h.resources);
-    while !r.rest().is_empty() {
-        r.take(4).ok()?;
+    let (_, _, data) = resources(h.resources, false).find(|(id, _, _)| *id == 0x03ed)?;
+    let mut d = Reader::new(data);
+    // Fixed 16.16 values, each with its unit (1: per inch, 2: per centimetre) and the unit the
+    // size is shown in.
+    let mut axis = || -> Option<f64> {
+        let v = f64::from(d.u32().ok()?) / 65536.0;
+        let unit = d.u16().ok()?;
+        d.u16().ok()?;
+        Some(if unit == 2 { v * 2.54 } else { v })
+    };
+    Some((axis()?, axis()?))
+}
+
+/// The image resource blocks of `resources`, in file order: each one's id, name (the bytes of its
+/// Pascal string) and data. Stops at the first block that is cut short. With `signed`, only the
+/// blocks whose signature is `8BIM` are given.
+fn resources(resources: &[u8], signed: bool) -> impl Iterator<Item = (u16, &[u8], &[u8])> {
+    let mut r = Reader::new(resources);
+    std::iter::from_fn(move || {
+        if r.rest().is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let ours = r.take(4).ok()? == b"8BIM";
         let id = r.u16().ok()?;
         // A Pascal string padded to an even size, length byte included.
-        let name = usize::from(r.u8().ok()?);
-        r.take(name + (name + 1) % 2).ok()?;
+        let len = usize::from(r.u8().ok()?);
+        let name = r.take(len).ok()?;
+        r.take((len + 1) % 2).ok()?;
         let size = usize::try_from(r.u32().ok()?).ok()?;
         let data = r.take(size).ok()?;
         r.take(size % 2).ok()?;
-        if id == 0x03ed {
-            let mut d = Reader::new(data);
-            // Fixed 16.16 values, each with its unit (1: per inch, 2: per centimetre) and the
-            // unit the size is shown in.
-            let mut axis = || -> Option<f64> {
-                let v = f64::from(d.u32().ok()?) / 65536.0;
-                let unit = d.u16().ok()?;
-                d.u16().ok()?;
-                Some(if unit == 2 { v * 2.54 } else { v })
-            };
-            return Some((axis()?, axis()?));
+        Some((ours, id, name, data))
+    })
+    .filter(move |(ours, ..)| *ours || !signed)
+    .map(|(_, id, name, data)| (id, name, data))
+}
+
+/// The resource naming the document's clipping path.
+const CLIPPING_PATH_NAME: u16 = 2999;
+
+/// The saved paths' resource ids.
+const SAVED_PATHS: std::ops::RangeInclusive<u16> = 2000..=2997;
+
+/// The clipping path a PSD or PSB file names, in its pixel space (x across its width, y down
+/// its height): the saved path (resources 2000 to 2997) whose name the clipping path resource
+/// (2999) gives, both `8BIM` resources. `None` when the document names none, names a path it doesn't have, or that path
+/// has no anchors or more records than [`vectorcraft_geom::path::MAX_READ_ANCHORS`]. Saved paths
+/// use the even-odd rule. A path whose initial fill record says the fill starts with all pixels
+/// begins with a subpath around the whole image, so its subpaths cut holes in it.
+pub fn clipping_path(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<PathData> {
+    let mut r = Reader::new(bytes);
+    let h = header(&mut r).ok()?;
+    let (_, _, named) = resources(h.resources, true).find(|(id, _, _)| *id == CLIPPING_PATH_NAME)?;
+    // A Pascal string, then the flatness and a fill rule, which the specification says is ignored.
+    let len = usize::from(*named.first()?);
+    let name = named.get(1..1 + len)?;
+    let (_, _, data) = resources(h.resources, true).find(|(id, n, _)| SAVED_PATHS.contains(id) && *n == name)?;
+    // A path of more records than a document may hold anchors is left out before it is built.
+    if data.len() / PATH_RECORD > vectorcraft_geom::path::MAX_READ_ANCHORS {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let path = saved_path(data, f64::from(h.width), f64::from(h.height));
+    (!path.is_empty()).then_some(path)
+}
+
+/// One record of a saved path: a selector, then 24 bytes.
+const PATH_RECORD: usize = 26;
+
+/// The saved path of path records `data`, scaled to an image `width` × `height` pixels. Knot
+/// records come after their subpath's length record; one that comes before any, or past the knots
+/// a length record counts, is left out, as is a last record cut short.
+fn saved_path(data: &[u8], width: f64, height: f64) -> PathData {
+    // A path point: a vertical, then a horizontal signed 8.24 fixed-point fraction of the image's
+    // height and width.
+    let fixed = |b: [u8; 4]| f64::from(i32::from_be_bytes(b)) / f64::from(1 << 24);
+    let point = |[v0, v1, v2, v3, h0, h1, h2, h3]: [u8; 8]| Point::new(fixed([h0, h1, h2, h3]) * width, fixed([v0, v1, v2, v3]) * height);
+    let mut subpaths: Vec<SubPath> = vec![];
+    let mut all_pixels = false;
+    // The knots the current subpath still takes.
+    let mut left = 0usize;
+    let (records, _) = data.as_chunks::<PATH_RECORD>();
+    for &[s0, s1, ref body @ ..] in records {
+        let [c0, c1, ..] = *body;
+        let (points, _) = body.as_chunks::<8>();
+        let [a, b, c] = [0, 1, 2].map(|i| points.get(i).copied().map_or(Point::ZERO, point));
+        match u16::from_be_bytes([s0, s1]) {
+            sel @ (0 | 3) => {
+                left = usize::from(u16::from_be_bytes([c0, c1]));
+                // Anchors are added as knots come: a count can claim more than follow.
+                subpaths.push(SubPath::new(vec![], sel == 0));
+            }
+            sel @ (1 | 2 | 4 | 5) if left > 0 => {
+                let Some(sp) = subpaths.last_mut() else { continue };
+                left -= 1;
+                let kind = if matches!(sel, 1 | 4) { AnchorKind::Smooth } else { AnchorKind::Corner };
+                sp.anchors.push(Anchor { h_in: a, p: b, h_out: c, kind });
+            }
+            8 => all_pixels = [c0, c1] == [0, 1],
+            _ => {}
         }
     }
-    None
+    subpaths.retain(|s| !s.anchors.is_empty());
+    if all_pixels && !subpaths.is_empty() {
+        let all = vectorcraft_geom::shapes::rectangle(vectorcraft_geom::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, width, height));
+        subpaths.splice(0..0, all.subpaths);
+    }
+    PathData::new(subpaths)
 }
 
 /// Does the merged image keep its transparency in the first extra channel? Yes when the layer
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_psdread.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_psdread.rs
index 08a46f0e10..4fe5f1e49b 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_psdread.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_psdread.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 //! Reading Photoshop documents (#918): the merged image of every colour mode, depth and
-//! compression, PSB files, transparency, the resolution, and damaged files refused without a panic.
+//! compression, PSB files, transparency, the resolution, the clipping path, and damaged files
+//! refused without a panic.
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, NodeId, NodeKind};
 
-use super::psdread::{decode, is_psd, resolution};
+use super::psdread::{clipping_path, decode, is_psd, resolution};
 use super::*;
 
 /// A Photoshop document built from its parts: `version` 1 (PSD) or 2 (PSB), the header's fields,
@@ -260,6 +262,199 @@ fn pdd_files_open_and_place() {
     assert!(format_for_name("x.pdd").is_none() && writable_format(None, Some("x.pdd")).is_err(), "an export to .pdd is refused as before");
 }
 
+/// An image resource block: `8BIM`, `id`, `name` as a Pascal string padded to an even size, then
+/// `data` padded to an even size.
+fn resource(id: u16, name: &[u8], data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut r = b"8BIM".to_vec();
+    r.extend(id.to_be_bytes());
+    r.push(name.len() as u8);
+    r.extend(name);
+    if name.len().is_multiple_of(2) {
+        r.push(0);
+    }
+    r.extend((data.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
+    r.extend(data);
+    if !data.len().is_multiple_of(2) {
+        r.push(0);
+    }
+    r
+}
+
+/// A path point record's 8 bytes: `[x, y]` as fractions of the image's width and height, stored
+/// vertical first as signed 8.24 fixed-point numbers.
+fn point([x, y]: [f64; 2]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    [y, x].iter().flat_map(|v| ((v * f64::from(1 << 24)).round() as i32).to_be_bytes()).collect()
+}
+
+/// A saved path's records: the fill rule record, an initial fill record saying whether the fill
+/// starts with all pixels, then each subpath (closed or not) of corner knots without handles.
+fn saved_path(all_pixels: bool, subpaths: &[(bool, &[[f64; 2]])]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let record = |selector: u16, body: Vec<u8>| {
+        let mut r = selector.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
+        r.extend(body);
+        r.resize(26, 0);
+        r
+    };
+    let mut d = record(6, vec![]);
+    d.extend(record(8, vec![0, u8::from(all_pixels)]));
+    for (closed, knots) in subpaths {
+        d.extend(record(if *closed { 0 } else { 3 }, (knots.len() as u16).to_be_bytes().to_vec()));
+        for k in *knots {
+            d.extend(record(if *closed { 2 } else { 5 }, [point(*k), point(*k), point(*k)].concat()));
+        }
+    }
+    d
+}
+
+/// The clipping path resource (2999) naming the saved path `name`, with a flatness of 0 and the
+/// fill rule left as it is.
+fn clipping_name(name: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut d = vec![name.len() as u8];
+    d.extend(name);
+    d.extend([0; 6]);
+    resource(2999, b"", &d)
+}
+
+/// A 100 × 50 pixel red RGB document with `resources`, flat or with a layer count of 0.
+fn red_psd(resources: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    psd(1, 3, (100, 50), 8, 3, &[], resources, &[], &raw(&[&[255; 5000], &[0; 5000], &[0; 5000]]))
+}
+
+/// The triangle saved as "Outline", another path saved as "Other", and the clipping path naming
+/// "Outline".
+fn triangle_resources() -> Vec<u8> {
+    let other = saved_path(false, &[(true, &[[0.0, 0.0], [0.1, 0.0], [0.1, 0.1]])]);
+    let outline = saved_path(false, &[(true, &[[0.5, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0]])]);
+    [resource(2000, b"Other", &other), resource(2001, b"Outline", &outline), clipping_name(b"Outline")].concat()
+}
+
+/// The clip group a PSD file comes in as: its clipping path's anchors (pt), whether that path
+/// uses the even-odd rule, and the image it clips.
+fn clip_group(d: &Document, id: NodeId) -> (Vec<[f64; 2]>, bool, NodeId) {
+    let Some(NodeKind::Group { children, clip: true }) = d.node(id).map(|n| &n.kind) else { panic!("not a clip group: {:?}", d.node(id)) };
+    let [path, image] = &children[..] else { panic!("{} children", children.len()) };
+    let NodeKind::Path { path: p, rule, clipping: true, .. } = &path.kind else { panic!("not a clipping path") };
+    assert!(matches!(image.kind, NodeKind::Image(_)));
+    let anchors = p.anchors().map(|(_, _, a)| [a.p.x, a.p.y]).collect();
+    (anchors, *rule == vectorcraft_geom::FillRule::EvenOdd, image.id)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn the_clipping_path_clips_the_merged_image_on_place_and_open() {
+    let f = red_psd(&triangle_resources());
+    let triangle = vec![[50.0, 0.0], [100.0, 50.0], [0.0, 50.0]];
+    let data = vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&f);
+    // Place: one clip group of the named path, not the other, at 100 % (72 ppi: a pixel a point).
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 100, "height": 50})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("file.place", &json!({"name": "cut.psd", "dataBase64": data, "at": [50, 25]})).unwrap();
+    let id = NodeId(r["ids"][0].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let (anchors, even_odd, image) = clip_group(&s.doc().unwrap().doc, id);
+    assert_eq!((anchors, even_odd), (triangle.clone(), true));
+    assert_eq!(r["image"], image.0, "{r}");
+    assert_eq!((r["width"].as_f64(), r["height"].as_f64()), (Some(100.0), Some(50.0)));
+    // Open with layers off, and a flat file opened with layers on, as its merged image.
+    for params in [json!({"layers": false}), json!({})] {
+        s.execute("document.open", &merge(json!({"name": "cut.psd", "dataBase64": data}), params.clone())).unwrap();
+        let d = &s.doc().unwrap().doc;
+        let top = d.layers[0].children().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(top.len(), 1, "{params}");
+        assert_eq!(top[0].name.as_deref(), Some("cut.psd"), "{params}");
+        let group = top[0].id;
+        let (anchors, even_odd, _) = clip_group(d, group);
+        assert_eq!((anchors, even_odd), (triangle.clone(), true), "{params}");
+        // The corner outside the triangle draws nothing; its middle draws red.
+        let png = image::load_from_memory(&exported(&mut s, json!({"format": "png"}))).unwrap().to_rgba8();
+        assert_eq!((png.get_pixel(2, 2).0[3], png.get_pixel(50, 40).0), (0, [255, 0, 0, 255]), "{params}");
+        // The clipping path is an ordinary path: releasing the clipping mask leaves the image whole.
+        s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [group.0]})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("object.clippingMask.release", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        let png = image::load_from_memory(&exported(&mut s, json!({"format": "png"}))).unwrap().to_rgba8();
+        assert_eq!(png.get_pixel(2, 2).0, [255, 0, 0, 255], "{params}");
+    }
+}
+
+/// Replace keeps a clipped PSD file's scale, as it keeps an image's.
+#[test]
+fn replacing_a_clipped_psd_keeps_its_scale() {
+    let data = vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&red_psd(&triangle_resources()));
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 400})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("file.place", &json!({"name": "cut.psd", "dataBase64": data, "at": [200, 200]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 200, "sy": 200})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("file.place", &json!({"name": "cut.psd", "dataBase64": data, "replace": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((r["width"].as_f64(), r["height"].as_f64()), (Some(200.0), Some(100.0)), "{r}");
+    let (anchors, _, _) = clip_group(&s.doc().unwrap().doc, NodeId(r["ids"][0].as_u64().unwrap()));
+    assert_eq!(anchors, [[200.0, 150.0], [300.0, 250.0], [100.0, 250.0]]);
+    // Other art replacing the clip group takes its centre only, as before.
+    let plain = vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&red_psd(&[]));
+    let r = s.execute("file.place", &json!({"name": "plain.psd", "dataBase64": plain, "replace": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((r["width"].as_f64(), r["height"].as_f64()), (Some(100.0), Some(50.0)), "{r}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_fill_that_starts_with_all_pixels_puts_the_image_around_the_path() {
+    let hole = saved_path(true, &[(true, &[[0.25, 0.25], [0.75, 0.25], [0.75, 0.75], [0.25, 0.75]])]);
+    let f = red_psd(&[resource(2000, b"Hole", &hole), clipping_name(b"Hole")].concat());
+    let path = clipping_path(&f).unwrap();
+    let starts: Vec<_> = path.subpaths.iter().map(|s| (s.anchors[0].p.x, s.anchors[0].p.y, s.closed)).collect();
+    assert_eq!(starts, [(0.0, 0.0, true), (25.0, 12.5, true)], "the image's edges, then the hole");
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("document.open", &json!({"name": "hole.psd", "dataBase64": vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&f), "layers": false})).unwrap();
+    let png = image::load_from_memory(&exported(&mut s, json!({"format": "png"}))).unwrap().to_rgba8();
+    assert_eq!((png.get_pixel(2, 2).0, png.get_pixel(50, 25).0[3]), ([255, 0, 0, 255], 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn files_naming_no_clipping_path_or_a_missing_one_place_a_plain_image() {
+    let other = saved_path(false, &[(true, &[[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]])]);
+    let empty = saved_path(false, &[]);
+    for (resources, what) in [
+        (resource(2000, b"Other", &other), "saved paths, none named"),
+        ([resource(2000, b"Other", &other), clipping_name(b"Gone")].concat(), "a name no path has"),
+        ([resource(2000, b"Empty", &empty), clipping_name(b"Empty")].concat(), "a path with no knots"),
+        ([resource(3000, b"Other", &other), clipping_name(b"Other")].concat(), "a resource outside the saved paths"),
+        ([resource(2000, b"Other", &other), [&b"MeSa"[..], &clipping_name(b"Other")[4..]].concat()].concat(), "a block not signed 8BIM"),
+        (vec![], "no resources"),
+    ] {
+        let f = red_psd(&resources);
+        assert!(clipping_path(&f).is_none(), "{what}");
+        let mut s = Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        let r = s.execute("file.place", &json!({"name": "a.psd", "dataBase64": vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&f)})).unwrap();
+        let id = NodeId(r["ids"][0].as_u64().unwrap());
+        assert!(matches!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).map(|n| &n.kind), Some(NodeKind::Image(_))), "{what}");
+        assert!(r.get("image").is_none(), "{what}: {r}");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn damaged_clipping_paths_are_read_without_a_panic() {
+    let good = red_psd(&triangle_resources());
+    assert!(clipping_path(&good).is_some());
+    // The header, the empty colour mode data, then the resources' length and the resources.
+    let start = 26 + 4;
+    let end = start + 4 + triangle_resources().len();
+    for n in 0..end + 2 {
+        let _ = clipping_path(&good[..n]);
+    }
+    for i in start..end {
+        for v in [0, 1, 0x7f, 0x80, 0xff] {
+            let mut f = good.clone();
+            f[i] = v;
+            let _ = clipping_path(&f);
+        }
+    }
+    // Knots before any length record, and more knots than a length record counts, are left out.
+    let mut extra = saved_path(false, &[(true, &[[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]])]);
+    extra[26 * 2 + 3] = 2;
+    let mut stray = 2u16.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
+    stray.resize(26, 0);
+    extra.splice(26..26, stray);
+    let path = clipping_path(&red_psd(&[resource(2000, b"P", &extra), clipping_name(b"P")].concat())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(path.subpaths.iter().map(|s| s.anchors.len()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), [2]);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn damaged_and_unsupported_files_are_refused_without_a_panic() {
     let good = psd(2, 4, (3, 2), 8, 3, &[], &[], &layer_count(-1, true), &raw(&[&[1; 6], &[2; 6], &[3; 6], &[4; 6]]));
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/freeform.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/freeform.rs
index 5f2a5e4070..31045e01c3 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/freeform.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/freeform.rs
@@ -182,7 +182,8 @@ fn edit<R>(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str, mut f: impl FnMut(&mut Freefor
     let item = item_target(s, p, cmd)?;
     let stroke = edits_stroke(s, p, item, !s.fill_active, cmd)?;
     let item = item.of_kind(s, !stroke);
-    let ids = item.targets(s, p)?;
+    // The art of a graph design in a series keeps the design's gradient.
+    let ids = super::appearance::without_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, item.targets(s, p)?, cmd)?;
     if ids.is_empty() {
         return Err(bad(cmd, "select an object with a freeform gradient"));
     }
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/gradient.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/gradient.rs
index 2fee4186cc..291aa1b59f 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/gradient.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/gradient.rs
@@ -531,6 +531,10 @@ fn edit_gradient(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     check_numbers(p, &["angle"], C)?;
     let item = item.of_kind(s, !stroke);
     let ids = item.targets(s, p)?;
+    // Objects were given or selected, even when all of them are graph design art left out below: the stroke mode is then
+    // not one for new art.
+    let selected = !ids.is_empty();
+    let ids = super::appearance::drop_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, ids);
     // How the gradient lies on a stroke (the panel's Stroke buttons).
     let mode = match str_param(p, "strokeMode") {
         None => None,
@@ -605,7 +609,7 @@ fn edit_gradient(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         Ok(())
     })?;
     if let Some(m) = mode
-        && ids.is_empty()
+        && !selected
         && p.get("ids").is_none()
         && let Some(st) = s.new_art_stroke_mut()
     {
@@ -760,6 +764,7 @@ fn set_gradient_geom(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     if targets.is_empty() {
         return Err(EngineError::Other("nothing selected".into()));
     }
+    let targets = super::appearance::drop_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, targets);
     let model = super::paint::new_color_model(s, &Value::Null);
     edit_items(s, &targets, item, C, "Gradient", !stroke, |n, index| {
         if index.is_none()
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/graph/tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/graph/tests.rs
index f167a124d6..8a1c1daa4d 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/graph/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/graph/tests.rs
@@ -416,9 +416,186 @@ fn refused_on_design_art(s: &mut Session, cmd: &str, p: serde_json::Value) {
     let steps = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
     let e = s.execute(cmd, &p).unwrap_err().to_string();
     assert!(e.contains("drawn again from the design"), "{cmd}: {e}");
+    // `appearance.addEffect` is an alias of `effect.apply`, whose errors name `effect.apply`.
+    let named = if cmd == "appearance.addEffect" { "effect.apply" } else { cmd };
+    assert!(e.contains(&format!("`{named}`")), "the error names the command that ran: {e}");
     assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), steps, "{cmd}");
 }
 
+/// The look of object `id`: its appearance, opacity, blend mode, isolation, knockout and overprint.
+fn look(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> String {
+    format!("{:?}", s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap())
+}
+
+/// An edit of a graph design's art in a series lasts only until the graph is drawn again: the graph draws the art again
+/// from the design.
+#[test]
+fn an_edit_of_a_graph_designs_art_is_lost_when_the_graph_is_drawn_again() {
+    let (mut s, id, _, art, _) = design_art();
+    let path = |s: &Session| {
+        let n = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().clone();
+        let mut out = None;
+        series(&n, 0).children().unwrap()[0].walk(&mut |m| {
+            if out.is_none() && matches!(m.kind, NodeKind::Path { .. }) {
+                out = Some(m.clone());
+            }
+        });
+        out.unwrap()
+    };
+    assert_eq!(path(&s).id, art);
+    s.execute("object.setProps", &json!({"id": art.0, "opacity": 50})).unwrap();
+    assert!((path(&s).opacity - 0.5).abs() < 1e-6);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("graph.setData", &json!({"csv": ",2024,2025\nQ1,3,2\nQ2,5,8\nQ3,-1,6"})).unwrap();
+    assert!((path(&s).opacity - 1.0).abs() < 1e-6);
+}
+
+/// The paint, stroke, gradient and overprint commands leave the art of a graph design in a series as the design draws
+/// it, and edit the other objects they are given.
+#[test]
+fn paint_commands_leave_a_graph_designs_art_out() {
+    let (mut s, _, copy, art, mark) = design_art();
+    let fill = top_row(&s, art, true);
+    let commands = [
+        ("stroke.set", json!({"weight": 5})),
+        ("stroke.weightUp", json!({})),
+        ("stroke.setAdvanced", json!({"arrowScale": [200, 200]})),
+        ("paint.editGradient", json!({"kind": "linear"})),
+        ("paint.setGradientGeom", json!({"start": [0, 0], "end": [50, 50]})),
+        ("object.setOverprint", json!({"fill": true})),
+        ("paint.swap", json!({})),
+        ("paint.default", json!({})),
+        ("paint.invert", json!({"item": fill, "stroke": false})),
+    ];
+    let (copy_was, art_was) = (look(&s, copy), look(&s, art));
+    for (cmd, p) in &commands {
+        for ids in [json!([copy.0]), json!([art.0])] {
+            let steps = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+            let mut q = p.clone();
+            q["ids"] = ids;
+            let _ = s.execute(cmd, &q);
+            assert_eq!((look(&s, copy), look(&s, art)), (copy_was.clone(), art_was.clone()), "{cmd}");
+            assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), steps, "{cmd}");
+        }
+        let mark_was = look(&s, mark);
+        let mut q = p.clone();
+        q["ids"] = json!([art.0, mark.0]);
+        s.execute(cmd, &q).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(look(&s, art), art_was, "{cmd}");
+        assert_ne!(look(&s, mark), mark_was, "{cmd}");
+        s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    }
+    // Selected, without ids.
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("stroke.set", &json!({"weight": 5})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(look(&s, art), art_was);
+    // A freeform gradient point is refused on the art alone.
+    refused_on_design_art(&mut s, "paint.freeform.addPoint", json!({"ids": [art.0], "at": [0, 0]}));
+}
+
+/// `attributes.info` reads the overprint of a graph design's art in a series, which the overprint edits leave out.
+#[test]
+fn attributes_info_reads_a_graph_designs_art() {
+    let (mut s, _, _, art, _) = design_art();
+    let info = s.execute("attributes.info", &json!({"ids": [art.0]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(info["ids"], json!([art.0]));
+    assert_eq!(info["overprintFill"], json!(false), "{info}");
+    assert_eq!(info["overprintStroke"], json!(false), "{info}");
+}
+
+/// With only the art of a graph design selected, `stroke.setAdvanced` and the stroke mode of `paint.editGradient` act
+/// as edits of a selection, not of the stroke the next object drawn takes.
+#[test]
+fn stroke_edits_of_selected_design_art_leave_the_new_art_stroke() {
+    let (mut s, _, _, art, _) = design_art();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0]})).unwrap();
+    let was = format!("{:?}", s.new_art_stroke());
+    s.execute("stroke.setAdvanced", &json!({"arrowScale": [200, 200], "swapArrows": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", s.new_art_stroke()), was, "stroke.setAdvanced");
+    let mode = s.new_art_stroke().gradient_mode;
+    s.execute("paint.editGradient", &json!({"kind": "linear", "stroke": true, "strokeMode": "along"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.new_art_stroke().gradient_mode, mode, "paint.editGradient");
+}
+
+/// `transparency.set` without `item` refuses the art of a graph design in a series, and given it with other objects
+/// sets only theirs.
+#[test]
+fn object_transparency_leaves_a_graph_designs_art_out() {
+    let (mut s, _, copy, art, mark) = design_art();
+    refused_on_design_art(&mut s, "transparency.set", json!({"ids": [art.0], "opacity": 40}));
+    refused_on_design_art(&mut s, "transparency.set", json!({"ids": [copy.0], "isolate": true}));
+    s.execute("transparency.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "opacity": 40, "blend": "multiply"})).unwrap();
+    let d = &s.doc().unwrap().doc;
+    assert!((d.node(art).unwrap().opacity - 1.0).abs() < 1e-6);
+    assert!((d.node(mark).unwrap().opacity - 0.4).abs() < 1e-6);
+}
+
+/// With the art of a graph design selected first, the Appearance panel's active row (a row of that art) stands for no
+/// row of the other objects selected: an effect goes on each of them as a whole.
+#[test]
+fn an_active_row_of_a_graph_designs_art_is_not_applied_to_other_objects() {
+    let (mut s, _, _, art, mark) = design_art();
+    let stroke = top_row(&s, art, false);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.subjects().first(), Some(&art));
+    s.execute("appearance.setActiveItem", &json!({"index": stroke})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow"})).unwrap();
+    let n = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(mark).unwrap().clone();
+    assert_eq!(n.appearance.effects.len(), 1);
+    assert!(n.appearance.items.iter().all(|it| it.effects().is_empty()));
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(art).unwrap().appearance.effects.is_empty());
+}
+
+/// Expand Appearance leaves the art of a graph design in a series as the design draws it.
+#[test]
+fn expand_appearance_leaves_a_graph_designs_art() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 800, "height": 800})).unwrap();
+    let id = graph(&mut s, "column");
+    let r = s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 600, "y": 600, "width": 10, "height": 10})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow", "ids": [r]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [r]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("graph.design", &json!({"new": "Shadow"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("graph.column", &json!({"id": id.0, "seriesIndexes": [0], "design": "Shadow"})).unwrap();
+    let n = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().clone();
+    let mut art = vec![];
+    series(&n, 0).children().unwrap()[0].walk(&mut |m| {
+        if !m.appearance.effects.is_empty() {
+            art.push(m.id);
+        }
+    });
+    let art = art[0];
+    let other = s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 700, "y": 700, "width": 10, "height": 10})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow", "ids": [other]})).unwrap();
+    let art_was = look(&s, art);
+    // Given alone, by id or selected, it leaves Expand Appearance disabled.
+    for p in [json!({"ids": [art.0]}), json!({})] {
+        s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0]})).unwrap();
+        assert!(s.execute("effect.expandAppearance", &p).unwrap_err().to_string().contains("not available"));
+        assert_eq!(look(&s, art), art_was);
+    }
+    // Inside a selected graph or series group, the art stays as the design draws it: with nothing else to expand there,
+    // Expand Appearance is disabled, and with a mark's effect, the mark expands alone.
+    let series_group = series(&n, 0).id;
+    for root in [id, series_group] {
+        s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [root.0]})).unwrap();
+        assert!(s.execute("effect.expandAppearance", &json!({})).unwrap_err().to_string().contains("not available"));
+        assert_eq!(look(&s, art), art_was);
+    }
+    let mark = series(&n, 1).children().unwrap()[0].id;
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow", "ids": [mark.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+    let expanded = s.execute("effect.expandAppearance", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(expanded["ids"], json!([mark.0]));
+    assert_eq!(look(&s, art), art_was);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    // Selected with another object, the art is left as it is and the other object expands.
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0, other]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("effect.expandAppearance", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(look(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(NodeId(other)).is_none_or(|m| m.appearance.effects.is_empty()));
+}
+
 /// The commands that give rows, effects or graphic styles refuse the art of a graph design inside a series, given by
 /// id (the design's copy or a path inside it) or selected: the graph draws that art again from the design.
 #[test]
@@ -445,6 +622,7 @@ fn appearance_commands_refuse_a_graph_designs_art_in_a_series() {
         refused_on_design_art(&mut s, "effect.remove", json!({"ids": ids, "index": 0}));
         refused_on_design_art(&mut s, "threeD.mapGraphic", json!({"ids": ids, "symbol": "Mark"}));
         refused_on_design_art(&mut s, "graphicStyle.apply", json!({"name": "Blue", "ids": ids}));
+        refused_on_design_art(&mut s, "graphicStyle.breakLink", json!({"ids": ids}));
     }
     for cmd in ["appearance.removeItem", "appearance.duplicateItem"] {
         refused_on_design_art(&mut s, cmd, json!({"ids": [art.0], "index": fill}));
@@ -499,6 +677,269 @@ fn appearance_commands_edit_the_objects_given_with_a_graph_designs_art() {
     assert_eq!(rows(&s, mark).items.len(), mark_was.items.len() + 1);
 }
 
+/// `design_art()` with the design's art painted with a red and a blue fill and series 1's first mark with a blue fill and
+/// a black stroke, so that row 1 of the art (its blue fill) is row 0 of the mark: the graph, the art and the mark.
+fn aligned_design_art() -> (Session, NodeId, NodeId, NodeId) {
+    let (mut s, id, _, art, mark) = design_art();
+    let (red, blue) = (Paint::solid(vectorcraft_color::Color::rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), Paint::solid(vectorcraft_color::Color::rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)));
+    let mark_look = vectorcraft_doc::Appearance::basic(blue, Paint::solid(vectorcraft_color::Color::BLACK), 1.0);
+    let mut art_look = mark_look.clone();
+    art_look.items = vec![art_look.items[0].clone(), art_look.items[0].clone()];
+    *art_look.items[0].paint_mut() = red;
+    s.edit("Looks", |d, _| {
+        d.node_mut(art).unwrap().appearance = vectorcraft_doc::Shared::new(art_look.clone());
+        d.node_mut(mark).unwrap().appearance = vectorcraft_doc::Shared::new(mark_look.clone());
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    (s, id, art, mark)
+}
+
+/// Aligned rows given with the art of a graph design in a series first are rows of that art's stack, which the commands
+/// leave as it is: each other object edits the row equal to the given one, never the row at the same index.
+#[test]
+fn aligned_rows_of_a_graph_designs_art_edit_the_equal_rows_of_the_other_objects() {
+    let rows = |s: &Session, id: NodeId| (*s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().appearance).clone();
+    let green = Paint::solid(vectorcraft_color::Color::rgb(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
+    let (mut s, _, art, mark) = aligned_design_art();
+    let (art_was, mark_was) = (rows(&s, art), rows(&s, mark));
+    s.execute("appearance.removeItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "index": 1, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, mark).items, mark_was.items[1..], "the mark loses its blue fill and keeps its stroke");
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+
+    s.execute("appearance.setItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "index": 1, "aligned": true, "color": "#00ff00"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, mark).items[0].paint(), &rows(&s, mark).items[1]), (&green, &mark_was.items[1]));
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+
+    s.execute("appearance.duplicateItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "index": 1, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    let fills: Vec<bool> = rows(&s, mark).items.iter().map(|it| it.is_fill()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(fills, [true, true, false], "the mark's blue fill is copied, not its stroke");
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+
+    s.execute("transparency.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": 1, "aligned": true, "opacity": 40})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, mark).items[0].opacity(), rows(&s, mark).items[1].opacity()), (0.4, 1.0));
+
+    // A row of the art past the end of the mark's stack.
+    let (mut s, _, art, mark) = aligned_design_art();
+    s.edit("Rows", |d, _| {
+        let ap = &mut d.node_mut(art).unwrap().appearance;
+        let red = ap.items[0].clone();
+        ap.items.insert(0, red);
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    s.execute("transparency.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": 2, "aligned": true, "opacity": 40})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, mark).items[0].opacity(), rows(&s, mark).items[1].opacity()), (0.4, 1.0));
+
+    // A row of the art (its red fill) that the mark has no equal of: transparency.set is an error, and appearance.setItem
+    // and appearance.removeItem leave the document as it is.
+    let (art_was, mark_was) = (rows(&s, art), rows(&s, mark));
+    let steps = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+    let e = s.execute("transparency.set", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": 0, "aligned": true, "opacity": 40})).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(e.to_string().contains("no appearance item 0"), "{e}");
+    s.execute("appearance.setItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "index": 0, "aligned": true, "color": "#00ff00"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("appearance.removeItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "index": 0, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, art), rows(&s, mark)), (art_was, mark_was));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), steps, "no undo step is recorded");
+}
+
+/// Aligned effects given with the art of a graph design in a series first go on, and come off, the rows equal to the art's
+/// row in the other objects; an object without an equal row is left as it is.
+#[test]
+fn aligned_effects_of_a_graph_designs_art_edit_the_equal_rows_of_the_other_objects() {
+    let rows = |s: &Session, id: NodeId| (*s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().appearance).clone();
+    let effects = |s: &Session, id: NodeId| rows(s, id).items.iter().map(|it| it.effects().len()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let (mut s, id, art, mark) = aligned_design_art();
+    // A second mark of series 1 with a green fill, which no row of the art equals, and the same black stroke.
+    let n = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().clone();
+    let other = series(&n, 1).children().unwrap()[1].id;
+    let mut other_look = rows(&s, mark);
+    *other_look.items[0].paint_mut() = Paint::solid(vectorcraft_color::Color::rgb(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
+    s.edit("Look", |d, _| {
+        d.node_mut(other).unwrap().appearance = vectorcraft_doc::Shared::new(other_look.clone());
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    let (art_was, other_was) = (rows(&s, art), rows(&s, other));
+    let r = s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow", "ids": [art.0, mark.0, other.0], "item": 1, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert_eq!(effects(&s, mark), [1, 0], "the shadow goes on the mark's blue fill");
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, other), other_was, "the other mark has no blue fill");
+    assert_eq!((&r["ids"], &r["item"], &r["index"]), (&json!([mark.0]), &json!(0), &json!(0)), "the reply names the mark's row");
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    // A 3D effect is checked on the rows it goes on only.
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "threeD.extrude", "ids": [art.0, mark.0, other.0], "item": 1, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, art), effects(&s, mark), rows(&s, other)), (art_was.clone(), vec![1, 0], other_was.clone()));
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("appearance.addEffect", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow", "ids": [art.0, mark.0, other.0], "item": 1, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, art), effects(&s, mark), rows(&s, other)), (art_was, vec![1, 0], other_was));
+
+    // The art's blue fill with the same shadow as the mark's: removing it from the art's row takes it off the mark's.
+    s.edit("Shadow", |d, _| {
+        let row = d.node(mark).unwrap().appearance.items[0].clone();
+        d.node_mut(art).unwrap().appearance.items[1] = row;
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    let art_was = rows(&s, art);
+    // The effect dialog reads the shadow from the art's row and passes the art on first.
+    let (target, fx) = s.appearance_effect_target(&json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": 1, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((fx.len(), &target["ids"], &target["item"]), (1, &json!([art.0, mark.0]), &json!(1)));
+    // Edits of the art's row effect change the mark's equal row.
+    s.execute("effect.setParams", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": 1, "index": 0, "visible": false, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert!(!rows(&s, mark).items[0].effects()[0].visible, "the mark's shadow is hidden");
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("effect.duplicate", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": 1, "index": 0, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, art), effects(&s, mark)), (art_was.clone(), vec![2, 0]));
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("effect.remove", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": 1, "index": 0, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert_eq!(effects(&s, mark), [0, 0]);
+
+    // An object-level effect of the art that the mark does not have: a new object-level effect still goes on the mark.
+    s.edit("Effect", |d, _| {
+        let shadow = d.node(art).unwrap().appearance.items[1].effects()[0].clone();
+        d.node_mut(art).unwrap().appearance.effects.push(shadow);
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    let art_was = rows(&s, art);
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "distort.roughen", "ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": null, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, mark).effects.len(), 1);
+    // The art's object-level shadow is not the mark's roughen: the effect dialog reads the art's, and removing it leaves
+    // the mark as it is.
+    let (_, fx) = s.appearance_effect_target(&json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": null, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(fx.iter().map(|e| e.id.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["stylize.dropShadow"]);
+    let mark_was = rows(&s, mark);
+    assert!(s.execute("effect.remove", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": null, "index": 0, "aligned": true})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, art), rows(&s, mark)), (art_was.clone(), mark_was));
+    // An object-level effect index past the end of the art's list names no effect of the mark either.
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow", "ids": [mark.0], "item": null})).unwrap();
+    let mark_was = rows(&s, mark);
+    assert!(s.execute("effect.remove", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": null, "index": 1, "aligned": true})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, art), rows(&s, mark)), (art_was.clone(), mark_was));
+    // The mark with the art's object-level shadow after its roughen: removing the art's effect 0 takes off the mark's 1.
+    s.edit("Shadow", |d, _| {
+        let shadow = d.node(art).unwrap().appearance.effects[0].clone();
+        d.node_mut(mark).unwrap().appearance.effects[1] = shadow;
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    s.execute("effect.remove", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": null, "index": 0, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, mark).effects.iter().map(|e| e.id.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["distort.roughen"]);
+}
+
+/// Aligned rows of a graph design's art and of another object whose stack differs are not one place in both stacks, so
+/// they are not reordered, and `to` is refused for their copies; with the same stacks, the copies go to `to`.
+#[test]
+fn aligned_rows_of_a_graph_designs_art_and_a_different_stack_are_not_moved() {
+    let rows = |s: &Session, id: NodeId| (*s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().appearance).clone();
+    let (mut s, _, art, mark) = aligned_design_art();
+    let mark_was = rows(&s, mark);
+    assert!(s.execute("appearance.moveItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "from": 1, "to": 0, "aligned": true})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, mark), mark_was);
+    assert!(s.execute("appearance.duplicateItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "index": 1, "to": 0, "aligned": true})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, mark), mark_was);
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow", "ids": [mark.0], "item": null})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "distort.roughen", "ids": [mark.0], "item": null})).unwrap();
+    let mark_was = rows(&s, mark);
+    assert!(s.execute("effect.move", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "from": 1, "to": 0, "aligned": true})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, mark), mark_was);
+
+    // The mark with the art's stack.
+    let (mut s, _, art, mark) = aligned_design_art();
+    let art_was = rows(&s, art);
+    s.edit("Look", |d, _| {
+        d.node_mut(mark).unwrap().appearance = vectorcraft_doc::Shared::new(art_was.clone());
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert!(s.execute("appearance.duplicateItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "indices": [1, 9], "to": 0, "aligned": true})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, mark), art_was, "a row that does not exist is refused");
+    s.execute("appearance.duplicateItem", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "index": 1, "to": 0, "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&s, art), art_was);
+    let paints: Vec<_> = rows(&s, mark).items.iter().map(|it| it.paint().clone()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(paints, [art_was.items[1].paint().clone(), art_was.items[0].paint().clone(), art_was.items[1].paint().clone()]);
+}
+
+/// The Contents row of a graph design's copy and of a group whose stack differs is not moved with `aligned: true`, as
+/// the rows are not.
+#[test]
+fn aligned_contents_row_of_a_graph_designs_copy_and_a_different_stack_is_not_moved() {
+    let rows = |s: &Session, id: NodeId| (*s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().appearance).clone();
+    let (mut s, _, copy, _, _) = design_art();
+    s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 700, "y": 700, "width": 10, "height": 10})).unwrap();
+    let g = NodeId(s.execute("object.group", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    s.execute("appearance.addFill", &json!({"ids": [g.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("appearance.addFill", &json!({"ids": [g.0]})).unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(rows(&s, copy), rows(&s, g));
+    let (copy_was, g_was) = (rows(&s, copy), rows(&s, g));
+    let steps = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+    let e = s.execute("appearance.moveItem", &json!({"ids": [copy.0, g.0], "from": "contents", "to": 1, "aligned": true})).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(e.to_string().contains("appearances differ"), "{e}");
+    assert_eq!((rows(&s, copy), rows(&s, g)), (copy_was, g_was));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), steps);
+}
+
+/// Invert with an `item` remembers the paint of an object it recolored, not that of a graph design's art given first,
+/// which it leaves out.
+#[test]
+fn invert_of_an_item_remembers_the_recolored_paint_not_the_design_arts() {
+    let (mut s, _, art, mark) = aligned_design_art();
+    s.execute("paint.invert", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": 0, "stroke": false})).unwrap();
+    let Paint::Solid { color, .. } = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(mark).unwrap().appearance.items[0].paint().clone() else {
+        panic!("the mark's fill stays a solid color");
+    };
+    assert_ne!(color, vectorcraft_color::Color::rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), "the mark's blue fill is inverted");
+    assert_eq!(s.last_solid, color, "the mark's inverted fill is remembered, not the art's red one");
+}
+
+/// With a graph design's art given first and `aligned: true`, `effect.remove` and `effect.duplicate` with `indices` are an
+/// error and change nothing when one of the indices names no effect of the art.
+#[test]
+fn aligned_effect_indices_past_the_end_of_a_graph_designs_art_are_refused() {
+    let rows = |s: &Session, id: NodeId| (*s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().appearance).clone();
+    let (mut s, _, art, mark) = aligned_design_art();
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "stylize.dropShadow", "ids": [mark.0], "item": null})).unwrap();
+    s.edit("Shadow", |d, _| {
+        let shadow = d.node(mark).unwrap().appearance.effects[0].clone();
+        d.node_mut(art).unwrap().appearance.effects.push(shadow);
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    let (art_was, mark_was) = (rows(&s, art), rows(&s, mark));
+    let steps = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+    for cmd in ["effect.remove", "effect.duplicate"] {
+        let e = s.execute(cmd, &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": null, "indices": [0, 9], "aligned": true})).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(e.to_string().contains("no effects at indices 0, 9"), "{cmd}: {e}");
+        assert_eq!((rows(&s, art), rows(&s, mark)), (art_was.clone(), mark_was.clone()), "{cmd}");
+        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), steps, "{cmd}");
+    }
+    // With index 0 alone, which the art has, the mark's equal effect is removed.
+    s.execute("effect.remove", &json!({"ids": [art.0, mark.0], "item": null, "indices": [0], "aligned": true})).unwrap();
+    assert!(rows(&s, mark).effects.is_empty());
+}
+
+/// A blur on a series group makes the whole group an image, which draws the design's art with the series' other art:
+/// Expand Appearance does not put the art back beside the image.
+#[test]
+fn expanding_a_blurred_series_group_takes_a_graph_designs_art_into_the_image() {
+    let (mut s, id, copy, _, _) = design_art();
+    let series_group = series(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap(), 0).id;
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "blur.gaussian", "ids": [series_group.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("effect.expandAppearance", &json!({"ids": [series_group.0]})).unwrap();
+    let d = &s.doc().unwrap().doc;
+    assert!(matches!(d.node(series_group).unwrap().kind, NodeKind::Image(_)));
+    assert!(d.node(copy).is_none());
+}
+
 /// The paint commands leave the art of a graph design in a series out, a copy of the design given by id with an item
 /// included.
 #[test]
@@ -7372,8 +7813,8 @@ fn graph_commands_refuse_params_of_the_wrong_type() {
 }
 
 /// A `.ai` in PostScript form whose graph's records read whole (version 7 specification, appendix A)
-/// opens as a graph whose data can be edited: Graph Data redraws it on its plot. Saving it as `.ai`
-/// says its data and settings aren't written, in either form.
+/// opens as a graph whose data can be edited: Graph Data redraws it on its plot. Saving it as `.ai`,
+/// in either form, writes its records, and the file opens again with the graph's new data.
 #[test]
 fn a_graph_opened_from_ai_keeps_its_data_for_editing() {
     let graph = "%_Gs\n%_100 200 300 100 Gb\n%_5 0 0 14 0 1 0 0 6 44 Gy\n%_10 2 0 0 90 80 0 Gd\n\
@@ -7430,10 +7871,60 @@ fn a_graph_opened_from_ai_keeps_its_data_for_editing() {
         }
         let r = s.execute("file.saveAs", &p).unwrap();
         let notes = r["warnings"].as_array().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
-        assert!(notes.iter().any(|w| w.as_str().is_some_and(|w| w.starts_with("graphs are written as their art"))), "{name}: {r}");
+        assert!(!notes.iter().any(|w| w.as_str().is_some_and(|w| w.starts_with("graphs are written as their art"))), "{name}: {r}");
+        let mut again = Session::new();
+        again.execute("document.open", &json!({"path": dir.join(name)})).unwrap();
+        let mut graphs = vec![];
+        again.doc().unwrap().doc.walk(|n| graphs.extend(n.extras().graph.as_deref().cloned()));
+        assert_eq!(graphs.len(), 1, "{name}");
+        let g = &graphs[0];
+        assert_eq!(
+            (g.series.as_slice(), g.categories.as_slice(), g.rows.as_slice()),
+            (&after.series[..], &after.categories[..], &after.rows[..]),
+            "{name}"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(g.kind, after.kind, "{name}");
     }
 }
 
+/// A graph the graph tools draw, of each type, saved as `.ai` in either form, opens again as the same
+/// graph exactly when the save gives no warning about graphs; a column graph does.
+#[test]
+fn a_drawn_graph_saved_as_ai_opens_as_a_graph_unless_the_save_warns() {
+    let dir = vectorcraft_testkit::temp_dir("graph-ai-save");
+    let mut live = vec![];
+    for ty in ["column", "stackedColumn", "bar", "stackedBar", "line", "area", "scatter", "pie", "radar"] {
+        let mut s = Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 800, "height": 800})).unwrap();
+        let csv = ",2024,2025\nQ1,3,2\nQ2,5,4\nQ3,1,6";
+        let id = s.execute("graph.create", &json!({"type": ty, "x": 100, "y": 100, "width": 300, "height": 200, "csv": csv})).unwrap()["id"]
+            .as_u64()
+            .unwrap();
+        let written = spec(&s, NodeId(id));
+        for (name, version) in [("v7.ai", Some("7")), ("pdf.ai", None)] {
+            let path = dir.join(format!("{ty}-{name}"));
+            let mut p = json!({"path": path, "format": "ai"});
+            if let Some(v) = version {
+                p["aiVersion"] = json!(v);
+            }
+            let r = s.execute("file.saveAs", &p).unwrap();
+            let notes = r["warnings"].as_array().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+            let warned = notes.iter().any(|w| w.as_str().is_some_and(|w| w.starts_with("graphs are written as their art")));
+            let mut again = Session::new();
+            again.execute("document.open", &json!({"path": path})).unwrap();
+            let mut graphs = vec![];
+            again.doc().unwrap().doc.walk(|n| graphs.extend(n.extras().graph.as_deref().cloned()));
+            assert_eq!(graphs.len(), usize::from(!warned), "{ty} {name}: {r}");
+            if let Some(g) = graphs.first() {
+                assert_eq!((g.kind, g.cells()), (written.kind, written.cells()), "{ty} {name}");
+                assert_eq!((g.series.as_slice(), g.categories.as_slice()), (&written.series[..], &written.categories[..]), "{ty} {name}");
+                live.push(format!("{ty} {name}"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    assert!(live.contains(&"column v7.ai".to_string()) && live.contains(&"column pdf.ai".to_string()), "{live:?}");
+}
+
 /// A graph opened from a `.ai` keeps the bounds of its art without type, so moving one of its labels on its own
 /// leaves the plot where it is at the first redraw.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/object/commands.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/object/commands.rs
index b86f260cd8..b8c4199623 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/object/commands.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/object/commands.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Scale…",
             ["Object", "Transform"],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [id…] (selected first; default: the selection), sx: %, sy?: %, origin?: [x,y], copy?, strokes?: bool (Scale Strokes & Effects: stroke weights, dashes and effect distances scale; off keeps them, type strokes included), corners?: bool (Scale Corners: live corner radii scale), objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)} (strokes/corners default to the preferences). With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
+            "{ids?: [id…] (selected first; default: the selection), sx: % (along the bounding box's width), sy?: % (along its height), origin?: [x,y] (a page point), basis?: \"box\"|\"page\" (box, the default: sx and sy follow the bounding box, turned with rotated objects until Reset Bounding Box; page: the page's axes; a saved step without basis, recorded before it, plays along the page's axes), copy?, strokes?: bool (Scale Strokes & Effects: stroke weights, dashes and effect distances scale; off keeps them, type strokes included), corners?: bool (Scale Corners: live corner radii scale), objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)} (strokes/corners default to the preferences). With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
             has_selection,
             scale
         ),
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reflect…",
             ["Object", "Transform"],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [id…] (selected first; default: the selection), axis: \"vertical\"|\"horizontal\"|deg (the mirror line, counter-clockwise from horizontal; 0: horizontal; omitted: vertical), origin?, copy?, objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
+            "{ids?: [id…] (selected first; default: the selection), axis: \"vertical\"|\"horizontal\"|deg (the mirror line, counter-clockwise from horizontal; 0: horizontal; omitted: vertical; vertical and horizontal are the bounding box's own axes, deg a line on the page), origin?, basis?: \"box\"|\"page\" (for a named axis; box, the default: the bounding box's axes, turned with rotated objects until Reset Bounding Box; page: the page's axes; a saved step without basis, recorded before it, plays along the page's axes), copy?, objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
             has_selection,
             reflect
         ),
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/object/transform.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/object/transform.rs
index d102068947..88362d7c49 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/object/transform.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/object/transform.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::align::choice;
 use super::{
-    Affine, Arc, Document, EngineError, LastTransform, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, Point, Result, Scaling, Session, Value, Vec2, bad, bool_or,
-    check_numbers, check_switches, duplicate_in, effects, f64_or, f64_req, ids_param, json, matrix_param, ok, outermost, point_param,
+    Affine, Arc, Document, EngineError, LastTransform, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, OrientedBox, Point, Rect, Result, Scaling, Session, Value, Vec2, bad,
+    bool_or, check_numbers, check_switches, duplicate_in, effects, f64_or, f64_req, ids_param, json, matrix_param, ok, outermost, point_param,
     selected_roots_to_transform,
 };
 
@@ -358,26 +358,52 @@ pub(super) fn scale(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     if sx == 0.0 || sy == 0.0 {
         return Err(bad("object.scale", "scale must be non-zero"));
     }
-    apply_transform(s, "Scale", ids, about(o, Affine::scale_non_uniform(sx, sy)), p, true)
+    let frame = basis_frame(s, p, "object.scale", &ids)?;
+    apply_transform(s, "Scale", ids, about(o, frame.conjugate(Affine::scale_non_uniform(sx, sy))), p, true)
+}
+
+/// The frame that `object.scale` and a named `object.reflect` act in, from the `basis` param:
+/// `"box"` (the default) is the bounding box of `ids`, turned with rotated objects until Reset
+/// Bounding Box ([`Document::bbox_angle`]); `"page"` is the page's axes. Anchors selected with
+/// Direct Selection (with no copy and Transform Objects on) transform along the page's axes, as
+/// their own box does. The basis joins the journal entry, so a replay acts in the same frame. A
+/// saved step without `basis` ([`Session::replay`]) was recorded before Scale and Reflect followed
+/// the box, so it acts along the page's axes, as it did when it was recorded.
+fn basis_frame(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str, ids: &[NodeId]) -> Result<OrientedBox> {
+    let basis = choice(p, cmd, "basis", &["box", "page"])?;
+    let page = basis == Some("page") || (basis.is_none() && s.replaying());
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    let anchors = !bool_or(p, "copy", false)
+        && transforms_objects(p)
+        && effects::preview::anchor_bounds_with(&st.selection, &st.doc, s.bounds_measure()).is_some();
+    let angle = if page || anchors { 0.0 } else { st.doc.bbox_angle(ids) };
+    s.note_journal("basis", json!(if page { "page" } else { "box" }));
+    Ok(OrientedBox { angle, rect: Rect::ZERO })
 }
 
 pub(super) fn reflect(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     check_switches(p, &TRANSFORM_SWITCHES, "object.reflect")?;
     let ids = selected_roots_to_transform(s)?;
     let o = origin_of(s, p, &ids)?;
-    let m = match p.get("axis") {
-        Some(Value::String(a)) if a == "horizontal" => Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, -1.0),
-        Some(Value::Number(n)) => {
-            let t = -n.as_f64().unwrap_or(90.0).to_radians();
-            Affine::rotate(t) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, -1.0) * Affine::rotate(-t)
-        }
-        None | Some(Value::Null) => Affine::scale_non_uniform(-1.0, 1.0),
-        Some(Value::String(a)) if a == "vertical" => Affine::scale_non_uniform(-1.0, 1.0),
+    // A named axis is the bounding box's own (see [`basis_frame`]); an angle is a line on the page.
+    let named = match p.get("axis") {
+        Some(Value::String(a)) if a == "horizontal" => Some(Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, -1.0)),
+        Some(Value::Number(_)) => None,
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => Some(Affine::scale_non_uniform(-1.0, 1.0)),
+        Some(Value::String(a)) if a == "vertical" => Some(Affine::scale_non_uniform(-1.0, 1.0)),
         Some(v) => {
             let given = v.as_str().map_or_else(|| v.to_string(), str::to_string);
             return Err(bad("object.reflect", format!("axis must be \"vertical\", \"horizontal\" or an angle in degrees, not `{given}`")));
         }
     };
+    let m = match named {
+        Some(m) => basis_frame(s, p, "object.reflect", &ids)?.conjugate(m),
+        None => {
+            choice(p, "object.reflect", "basis", &["box", "page"])?;
+            let t = -p.get("axis").and_then(Value::as_f64).unwrap_or(90.0).to_radians();
+            Affine::rotate(t) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, -1.0) * Affine::rotate(-t)
+        }
+    };
     apply_transform(s, "Reflect", ids, about(o, m), p, true)
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/overprint.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/overprint.rs
index 4cc1fa24c3..8149701334 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/overprint.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/overprint.rs
@@ -156,10 +156,15 @@ pub(super) fn edit_counted(s: &mut Session, label: &str, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Doc
 pub(super) type OverprintJob = ((bool, ItemTarget, Vec<NodeId>), bool);
 
 /// The overprint edits `p` asks for under `keys` (the fill's and the stroke's), aimed as
-/// `object.setOverprint` aims.
+/// `object.setOverprint` aims, leaving out the art of graph designs drawn in graph series.
 pub(super) fn overprint_jobs(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str, keys: [&str; 2]) -> Result<Vec<OverprintJob>> {
     let kinds = kinds(p, cmd, keys)?;
-    Ok(aims(s, p, cmd, kinds.iter().map(|k| k.0))?.into_iter().zip(kinds.iter().map(|k| k.1)).collect())
+    let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
+    Ok(aims(s, p, cmd, kinds.iter().map(|k| k.0))?
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(fill, it, ids)| (fill, it, super::appearance::drop_design_art(d, ids)))
+        .zip(kinds.iter().map(|k| k.1))
+        .collect())
 }
 
 /// Apply `jobs` to `d`, adding the objects changed to `changed`.
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/paint.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/paint.rs
index ccdb86197b..735f89db83 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/paint.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/paint.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Transparency",
             ["Window", "Transparency"],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, opacity?: 0..100, blend?: name, isolate?, knockout?: \"on\"|\"off\"|\"neutral\"|bool (true = on, false = neutral), knockoutShape?: bool, item?: appearance item index|null, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection)} for `ids`, the selection, or the object whose opacity mask is being edited; opacity and blend go to the targeted fill/stroke item (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item, else the objects; when every target is a gradient mesh with points picked by the Mesh tool, Direct Selection or the Lasso, those points take the opacity themselves). With an object of a dynamic symbol instance selected by Direct Selection and no ids, id or item, opacity and blend change that object for this instance only (isolate, knockout, knockoutShape, aligned and target are refused). On a path directly in a graph series (for a fill or stroke item, a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the opacity and blend mode of the object and of the topmost visible fill and stroke, and on a series group without an item, the group's own opacity, blend mode, isolate, knockout and knockoutShape (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores the label's object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind, and with `item` its topmost visible fill and stroke rows too",
+            "{ids?|id?, opacity?: 0..100, blend?: name, isolate?, knockout?: \"on\"|\"off\"|\"neutral\"|bool (true = on, false = neutral), knockoutShape?: bool, item?: appearance item index|null, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", aligned?: bool (index and item are rows of the first target's stack: each other target edits its equal one, as the Appearance panel does for a mixed selection; with the art of a graph design in a series given first, rows of the art's stack: docs/mcp.md)} for `ids`, the selection, or the object whose opacity mask is being edited; opacity and blend go to the targeted fill/stroke item (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item, else the objects; when every target is a gradient mesh with points picked by the Mesh tool, Direct Selection or the Lasso, those points take the opacity themselves). With an object of a dynamic symbol instance selected by Direct Selection and no ids, id or item, opacity and blend change that object for this instance only (isolate, knockout, knockoutShape, aligned and target are refused). On a path directly in a graph series (for a fill or stroke item, a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the opacity and blend mode of the object and of the topmost visible fill and stroke, and on a series group without an item, the group's own opacity, blend mode, isolate, knockout and knockoutShape (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores the label's object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind, and with `item` its topmost visible fill and stroke rows too",
             has_doc,
             transparency
         ),
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ pub(super) fn restore_unpainted_stroke(ap: &mut Appearance, index: Option<usize>
 }
 
 fn swap(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
-    let ids = paint_targets(s, p)?;
+    let ids = super::appearance::drop_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, paint_targets(s, p)?);
     if !ids.is_empty() {
         // When every object comes out as it was, the document and its undo history stay as they are.
         let before = s.doc()?.doc.clone();
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ fn swap(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 }
 
 fn default_paint(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
-    let ids = paint_targets(s, p)?;
+    let ids = super::appearance::drop_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, paint_targets(s, p)?);
     if !ids.is_empty() {
         // When every object comes out as it was, the document and its undo history stay as they are.
         let before = s.doc()?.doc.clone();
@@ -1070,9 +1070,9 @@ fn proxy_recolor(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str, label: &str, f: &dyn Fn(
         return Ok(json!({ "changed": changed as usize }));
     }
     let item = item_target(s, p, cmd)?.of_kind(s, !stroke);
-    let (r, shown_item) = match item {
+    let (r, shown_item, edited) = match item {
         ItemTarget::Item { index, .. } => {
-            let ids = item.targets(s, p)?;
+            let ids = super::appearance::drop_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, item.targets(s, p)?);
             let mut changed = 0;
             edit_items(s, &ids, item, cmd, label, !stroke, |n, i| {
                 let paint =
@@ -1080,15 +1080,19 @@ fn proxy_recolor(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str, label: &str, f: &dyn Fn(
                 changed += paint.is_some_and(|paint| super::colorcmds::map_paint(paint, f)) as usize;
                 Ok(())
             })?;
-            (json!({ "changed": changed }), Some(index))
+            (json!({ "changed": changed }), Some(index), Some(ids))
         }
         // The proxy recolors its paints, including a colorized image's fill, without changing image pixels or pattern tiles.
         ItemTarget::Top => {
             let q = json!({"fill": !stroke, "stroke": stroke, "includeImages": false, "includePatterns": false, "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>()});
-            (super::colorcmds::recolor(s, &q, cmd, label, f)?, None)
+            (super::colorcmds::recolor(s, &q, cmd, label, f)?, None, None)
         }
     };
-    let shown_ids = if shown_item.is_some() { ids } else { leaf_targets(s, &ids)? };
+    // The paint remembered is one the edit recolored: a graph design's art that the item edit leaves out gives none.
+    let shown_ids = match edited {
+        Some(ids) => ids,
+        None => leaf_targets(s, &ids)?,
+    };
     if let Some(shown) = shown_ids.first().and_then(|id| s.doc().ok()?.doc.node(*id).map(|n| proxy_paint(n, stroke, shown_item))) {
         s.remember_paint(&shown);
     }
@@ -1142,6 +1146,9 @@ fn transparency(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     if ids.is_empty() {
         return Err(bad(C, "select objects or give ids"));
     }
+    // The object-level opacity, blend mode, isolation and knockout of a graph design's art in a series are drawn again
+    // from the design too.
+    let ids = super::appearance::without_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, ids, C)?;
     // While an opacity mask is edited the selection is its art, so the Appearance panel's active
     // item (a row of that art) doesn't stand for the masked object.
     let editing_mask = p.get("ids").is_none() && p.get("id").is_none() && s.doc()?.doc.mask_edit.is_some();
@@ -1168,13 +1175,22 @@ fn transparency(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         return s.execute("object.setProps", &Value::Object(q));
     };
     // Opacity and blend belong to the targeted fill/stroke; isolate/knockout/knockoutShape stay object-level.
-    let item_ids = if editing_mask { ids } else { row_targets(s, p)? };
+    let item_ids = if editing_mask { ids } else { row_targets(s, p, C)? };
+    // The art of a graph design whose stack an explicit aligned item is a row of goes first: appearance.setItem leaves
+    // it as it is and matches the other objects' rows against it.
+    let of = if editing_mask || !explicit { None } else { super::appearance::design_reference(s, p, C)? };
     if explicit {
         let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
-        if !item_ids.iter().any(|id| d.node(*id).is_some_and(|n| index < n.appearance.items.len())) {
+        // With such art, an object has the item when it has a row equal to the art's.
+        let found = match of {
+            Some(_) => super::appearance::rows_per_target(d, of, &item_ids, &[index], true).iter().any(|r| !r.is_empty()),
+            None => item_ids.iter().any(|id| d.node(*id).is_some_and(|n| index < n.appearance.items.len())),
+        };
+        if !found {
             return Err(bad(C, format!("no appearance item {index}")));
         }
     }
+    let item_ids = super::appearance::with_reference(of, &item_ids);
     let (opacity, blend) = (q.remove("opacity"), q.remove("blend"));
     if let Some(b) = &blend
         && b.as_str().and_then(BlendMode::parse).is_none()
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/params.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/params.rs
index 736358ff9b..db1edc98e9 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/params.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/params.rs
@@ -424,9 +424,9 @@ fn check_effect_types(id: &str, effect: &str, params: &Value) -> Result<()> {
 /// A value of the type effect `effect` reads for `key`, a parameter its params description names
 /// without a dialog default: the earlier 3D Perspective and light (`perspective`, `lightAzimuth`,
 /// `lightElevation`) and Scribble `variation` are numbers, an Outline Stroke's `width` is a number
-/// and a Gaussian Blur's `linear` is true or false. A Glass or Texturizer `textureImage`, an SVG
-/// filter's `name` and `xml`, a Warp's `version` and the `style` of Crop Marks have checks of their
-/// own; they aren't listed.
+/// and a Gaussian Blur's `linear` is true or false. A Glass, Texturizer or Rough Pastels
+/// `textureImage`, an SVG filter's `name` and `xml`, a Warp's `version` and the `style` of Crop
+/// Marks have checks of their own; they aren't listed.
 pub(crate) fn undefaulted_type(effect: &str, key: &str) -> Option<Value> {
     use vectorcraft_render::effects;
     let number = || Some(Value::from(0.0));
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/place.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/place.rs
index dc95f925b6..8c9a19cb8d 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/place.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/place.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Place…",
             ["File"],
             Some("Cmd+Shift+P"),
-            "{path | name | dataBase64 (a file's path, or its name with its bytes), link?: true (a raster image keeps its file's path; a VectorCraft document at path becomes one locked placed document showing artboard `page`, linked to the file and read again when it changes (links.update; saving it in this app updates it at once), drawn as vectors in every output; so does a PDF/.ai page at path, showing its `crop` box, unless password or textAs: \"outlines\" is given; false: an editable copy of its art, as from dataBase64; other files are embedded), text?: {characterSet?: \"unicode\" (UTF-8, or UTF-16 with a byte-order mark, or without one by dataset.import's rule: an even length, at least half of its two-byte units holding a NUL byte, the byte order that reads a line break, valid UTF-16 with no NUL character; other bytes as the platform's 8-bit set) | \"ansi\" (the platform's 8-bit set), platform?: \"windows\" (Windows-1252) | \"mac\" (Mac Roman), removeLineReturns?: false (each block of lines becomes one paragraph; blank lines end paragraphs), removeParagraphReturns?: false (drop blank lines), replaceSpaces?: n (runs of n ≥ 2 spaces become a tab)} (a .txt file, placed as area type filling rect, the replaced object's bounds, or else the artboard less a 36 pt margin), template?: false (onto a new locked template layer below the current layer), replace?: false (swap the one selected object, keeping its stacking place and transform; no at/rect; refused while an object of a symbol instance's art is selected), at?: [x, y] centre (default: the first artboard's centre), rect?: [x, y, width, height] fit inside; aspect kept (wins over at), page?: 1 (PDF/.ai page, or a native document's artboard), crop?: \"crop\" (clipped to that page or artboard, default; an SVG, only when given: framed and clipped by its viewBox, else by its art's bounds) | \"bounding\" (the bounds of the art that shows, with its strokes and effects, as an export measures them: hidden objects and guides left out) | \"art\" | \"trim\" | \"bleed\" | \"media\" (a PDF page's boxes), password? (an encrypted PDF), dxf?: {…the DXF options of document.open} (a .dxf drawing: fit fills the artboard under at, else the first; fitted or uncentred art lands with its drawing's artboard on that artboard, else it is centred on at)} → {ids, name, format, linked, width, height, warnings, image?: the id of the image of a DCS file placed in a clip group, which the Links commands take}. Raster images come in at 100% of their physical size (the file's ppi, else 72); SVG, DXF, HP-GL (.plt, .hpgl, .hgl, .hpg), PDF/.ai, EMF/WMF and PICT (.pct, .pic, .pict; clipped to the picture's frame), EPS (clipped to its bounding box; as document.open reads it), a .ai saved without PDF compatibility (from its editing data, as document.open reads it: the art of the layers that show on artboard `page`, clipped to that artboard unless crop is \"bounding\") and native documents as one group, with the images, symbols, patterns, swatches and brushes they use. A DCS file (an EPS file with one program per printing plate, DCS 1.0 or 2.0) is placed only from its path with link (else an error, as are document.open and links.embed): one linked image of its plates mixed into CMYK, clipped by the clipping path its composite is drawn through, its spot plates added as spot swatches in the process equivalents the file gives (a swatch of the same name is kept, with a warning); print separations and Separations Preview show each plate on its own ink, and plate files of their own are read from its folder. One undo step; selects what it placed (unless on a template layer); never touches the clipboard. A PNG, JPEG, GIF or WebP image whose pixels can't be read (a file cut short) is an error, and nothing is placed",
+            "{path | name | dataBase64 (a file's path, or its name with its bytes), link?: true (a raster image keeps its file's path; a VectorCraft document at path becomes one locked placed document showing artboard `page`, linked to the file and read again when it changes (links.update; saving it in this app updates it at once), drawn as vectors in every output; so does a PDF/.ai page at path, showing its `crop` box, unless password or textAs: \"outlines\" is given; false: an editable copy of its art, as from dataBase64; other files are embedded), text?: {characterSet?: \"unicode\" (UTF-8, or UTF-16 with a byte-order mark, or without one by dataset.import's rule: an even length, at least half of its two-byte units holding a NUL byte, the byte order that reads a line break, valid UTF-16 with no NUL character; other bytes as the platform's 8-bit set) | \"ansi\" (the platform's 8-bit set), platform?: \"windows\" (Windows-1252) | \"mac\" (Mac Roman), removeLineReturns?: false (each block of lines becomes one paragraph; blank lines end paragraphs), removeParagraphReturns?: false (drop blank lines), replaceSpaces?: n (runs of n ≥ 2 spaces become a tab)} (a .txt file, placed as area type filling rect, the replaced object's bounds, or else the artboard less a 36 pt margin), template?: false (onto a new locked template layer below the current layer), replace?: false (swap the one selected object, keeping its stacking place and transform; no at/rect; refused while an object of a symbol instance's art is selected), at?: [x, y] centre (default: the first artboard's centre), rect?: [x, y, width, height] fit inside; aspect kept (wins over at), page?: 1 (PDF/.ai page, or a native document's artboard), crop?: \"crop\" (clipped to that page or artboard, default; an SVG, only when given: framed and clipped by its viewBox, else by its art's bounds) | \"bounding\" (the bounds of the art that shows, with its strokes and effects, as an export measures them: hidden objects and guides left out) | \"art\" | \"trim\" | \"bleed\" | \"media\" (a PDF page's boxes), password? (an encrypted PDF), dxf?: {…the DXF options of document.open} (a .dxf drawing: fit fills the artboard under at, else the first; fitted or uncentred art lands with its drawing's artboard on that artboard, else it is centred on at)} → {ids, name, format, linked, width, height, warnings, image?: the id of the image of a DCS file or PSD/PSB file placed in a clip group, which the Links commands take}. A PSD or PSB file that names a clipping path places in a clip group of that path (even-odd), as does its merged image in document.open. Raster images come in at 100% of their physical size (the file's ppi, else 72); SVG, DXF, HP-GL (.plt, .hpgl, .hgl, .hpg), PDF/.ai, EMF/WMF and PICT (.pct, .pic, .pict; clipped to the picture's frame), EPS (clipped to its bounding box; as document.open reads it), a .ai saved without PDF compatibility (from its editing data, as document.open reads it: the art of the layers that show on artboard `page`, clipped to that artboard unless crop is \"bounding\") and native documents as one group, with the images, symbols, patterns, swatches and brushes they use. A DCS file (an EPS file with one program per printing plate, DCS 1.0 or 2.0) is placed only from its path with link (else an error, as are document.open and links.embed): one linked image of its plates mixed into CMYK, clipped by the clipping path its composite is drawn through, its spot plates added as spot swatches in the process equivalents the file gives (a swatch of the same name is kept, with a warning); print separations and Separations Preview show each plate on its own ink, and plate files of their own are read from its folder. One undo step; selects what it placed (unless on a template layer); never touches the clipboard. A PNG, JPEG, GIF or WebP image whose pixels can't be read (a file cut short) is an error, and nothing is placed",
             has_doc,
             place
         ),
@@ -113,7 +113,9 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
 
 /// A file's art at its natural size, before it joins a document.
 enum Art {
-    Image(RasterImage),
+    /// An image, with the clipping path its file names, in its pixel space (a PSD or PSB file's,
+    /// [`fileio::psdread::clipping_path`]).
+    Image(RasterImage, Option<vectorcraft_geom::PathData>),
     /// A text file's, an RTF file's or a Word document's text, placed as area type filling the
     /// natural box.
     Text(text::Story),
@@ -241,7 +243,8 @@ fn load(p: &Value, cmd: &str, board: Option<Rect>, link_pdf: bool) -> Result<Loa
         let natural = Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, img.width as f64 * sx, img.height as f64 * sy);
         let link = src.path.map(|path| super::links::link_info(path, &src.bytes));
         let warnings = fileio::size_note(&img.blob.bytes).into_iter().collect();
-        return Ok(Loaded { name, format, art: Art::Image(img), natural, warnings, link, board: None });
+        let clip = fileio::psdread::clipping_path(&src.bytes);
+        return Ok(Loaded { name, format, art: Art::Image(img, clip), natural, warnings, link, board: None });
     }
     if pdf {
         // Linked: placed like a VectorCraft document, read again with the page's box only. A page
@@ -411,7 +414,7 @@ fn art_of<'a>(nodes: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Arc<Node>>) -> Vec<Node> {
 /// The art as one object of `d` (its resources added), at its natural size and position.
 fn build(d: &mut Document, l: Loaded, link: Option<LinkInfo>) -> Node {
     let mut node = match l.art {
-        Art::Image(img) => {
+        Art::Image(img, clip) => {
             let (sx, sy) = pt_per_px(img.ppi);
             super::links::store_image(d, &img.key, img.blob, link.is_some());
             let im = ImageObject {
@@ -423,7 +426,8 @@ fn build(d: &mut Document, l: Loaded, link: Option<LinkInfo>) -> Node {
                 placement: Default::default(),
                 pixels: None,
             };
-            Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Image(Box::new(im)))
+            let image = Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Image(Box::new(im)));
+            fileio::file_clipped(d, image, clip)
         }
         Art::Dcs(a) => {
             let a = *a;
@@ -485,9 +489,23 @@ fn at_param(p: &Value) -> Result<Option<Point>> {
 
 /// The transform that puts new art with the natural box `natural` where `old` is: an image's scale
 /// and rotation relative to its 100% size (its resolution's) and its centre are kept (with
-/// `image_xf`); other objects keep their centre.
-fn replace_xf(d: &Document, old: &Node, natural: Rect, image_xf: bool) -> Affine {
-    if image_xf && let NodeKind::Image(im) = &old.kind {
+/// `image_xf`), also for an image alone in a clip group when the new art is an image clipped by
+/// its file's clipping path (`clipped`); other objects keep their centre.
+fn replace_xf(d: &Document, old: &Node, natural: Rect, image_xf: bool, clipped: bool) -> Affine {
+    // An image alone in a clip group (as a PSD or PSB file's clipping path places it,
+    // [`fileio::file_clipped`]) is measured as the image when the new art brings its own clip
+    // group; a DCS file's plates are not.
+    let image = match &old.kind {
+        NodeKind::Group { children, clip: true } if clipped => match &children[..] {
+            [path, image] if matches!(path.kind, NodeKind::Path { clipping: true, .. }) => match &image.kind {
+                NodeKind::Image(im) if d.images.get(&im.key).is_none_or(|b| b.separated().is_none()) => image,
+                _ => old,
+            },
+            _ => old,
+        },
+        _ => old,
+    };
+    if image_xf && let NodeKind::Image(im) = &image.kind {
         let (sx, sy) = pt_per_px(d.images.get(&im.key).and_then(|b| fileio::ppi::resolution(&b.bytes)));
         let full = Affine::scale_non_uniform(sx, sy);
         let centre = full * Point::new(im.width as f64 / 2.0, im.height as f64 / 2.0);
@@ -541,7 +559,7 @@ impl PlaceJob {
         let mut loaded = load(&self.params, PLACE, self.target, true)?;
         let linked = loaded.link.is_some() && bool_or(&self.params, "link", true);
         match &mut loaded.art {
-            Art::Image(img) => {
+            Art::Image(img, _) => {
                 let unread = super::links::kept_unread(&img.blob.bytes);
                 img.blob = super::links::readable_and_kept(img.blob.clone(), unread, linked)?;
             }
@@ -657,7 +675,7 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, read: PlaceRead) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let natural = loaded.natural;
     let m = match (old_node, rect) {
-        (Some(o), _) => replace_xf(&st.doc, o, natural, !is_text),
+        (Some(o), _) => replace_xf(&st.doc, o, natural, !is_text, matches!(loaded.art, Art::Image(_, Some(_)))),
         (None, Some(r)) => fit(natural, r),
         // Its artboard's bottom-left corner on the target's.
         (None, None) if let (Some(src), Some(to)) = (loaded.board, target) => Affine::translate((to.x0 - src.x0, to.y1 - src.y1)),
@@ -671,7 +689,7 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, read: PlaceRead) -> Result<Value> {
     let link = loaded.link.take().filter(|_| bool_or(p, "link", true));
     let linked = link.is_some();
     let (name, format, mut warnings) = (loaded.name.clone(), loaded.format.id, std::mem::take(&mut loaded.warnings));
-    let dcs_clipped = matches!(&loaded.art, Art::Dcs(a) if a.clip.is_some());
+    let file_clipped = matches!(&loaded.art, Art::Dcs(a) if a.clip.is_some()) || matches!(&loaded.art, Art::Image(_, Some(_)));
     if let Art::Dcs(a) = &loaded.art {
         warnings.extend(dcs::swatch_notes(&st.doc, &a.spots));
     }
@@ -697,8 +715,9 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, read: PlaceRead) -> Result<Value> {
         Ok((id, size))
     })?;
     let mut out = json!({ "ids": [id.0], "name": name, "format": format, "linked": linked, "width": size.width(), "height": size.height(), "warnings": warnings });
-    // A DCS file clipped by its clipping path: its image, which the Links commands take.
-    if dcs_clipped {
+    // A DCS, PSD or PSB file clipped by its clipping path: its image, which the Links commands
+    // take.
+    if file_clipped {
         let image = s.doc()?.doc.node(id).and_then(|n| match &n.kind {
             NodeKind::Group { children, clip: true } => children.get(1).filter(|c| matches!(c.kind, NodeKind::Image(_))).map(|c| c.id),
             _ => None,
@@ -810,7 +829,7 @@ fn read_queue(doc: u64, p: Value, queued: Vec<Value>) -> Result<QueueRead> {
         let checked = load(&q, QUEUE, None, false).and_then(|mut l| {
             let linked = l.link.is_some() && bool_or(&q, "link", true);
             match &mut l.art {
-                Art::Image(img) => {
+                Art::Image(img, _) => {
                     let unread = super::links::kept_unread(&img.blob.bytes);
                     let check = if thumbnail.is_some() { super::links::readable_and_kept } else { super::links::readable };
                     img.blob = check(img.blob.clone(), unread, linked)?;
@@ -932,7 +951,7 @@ pub fn read_info(p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         "height": natural.height(),
         "warnings": std::mem::take(&mut l.warnings),
     });
-    if let Art::Image(img) = &l.art {
+    if let Art::Image(img, _) = &l.art {
         let (x, y) = img.ppi.unwrap_or((72.0, 72.0));
         out["pixelWidth"] = json!(img.width);
         out["pixelHeight"] = json!(img.height);
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/plugin.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/plugin.rs
index 867f256b4c..48a6649d77 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/plugin.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/plugin.rs
@@ -538,8 +538,8 @@ pub(crate) fn run_command(s: &mut Session, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Result<Value>
 /// live-effect plug-in) with parameters it takes, filled in to their defaults. A record the object
 /// already had stays as it was. An object takes one 3D effect (its fills' and strokes' own
 /// counted), which must fit it, and the `textureImage` of an effect with Load Texture (Glass,
-/// Texturizer) comes as the effect stores it, never as a file to read: a plug-in can't have the
-/// host read one.
+/// Texturizer, Rough Pastels) comes as the effect stores it, never as a file to read: a plug-in
+/// can't have the host read one.
 fn admit_effects(fx: &[Effect], n: &Node) -> std::result::Result<Vec<Effect>, String> {
     admit_effects_for("plugin.run", fx, n)
 }
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/stroke.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/stroke.rs
index 14282c5112..f268eee9c8 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/stroke.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/stroke.rs
@@ -234,6 +234,8 @@ fn stroke_set(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let item = item_target(s, p, C)?.of_kind(s, false);
     let mut ids = if item == ItemTarget::Top { own_stroke_or_leaves(s, p)? } else { item.targets(s, p)? };
     let new_art = no_targets(&ids, p);
+    // The art of a graph design in a series keeps the design's stroke.
+    ids = super::appearance::drop_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, ids);
     if item == ItemTarget::Top {
         // Images and symbol instances take no stroke from the panel.
         let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
@@ -368,6 +370,7 @@ fn stroke_step(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, up: bool) -> Result<Value> {
         }
         return Ok(json!({"objects": 0}));
     }
+    let ids = super::appearance::drop_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, ids);
     let label = if up { "Stroke Weight Up" } else { "Stroke Weight Down" };
     edit_items(s, &ids, item, c, label, false, |n, index| {
         if index.is_none()
@@ -510,6 +513,9 @@ fn stroke_advanced(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let item = item_target(s, p, C)?.of_kind(s, false);
     let ids = item.targets(s, p)?;
+    let new_art = no_targets(&ids, p);
+    // The art of a graph design in a series keeps the design's stroke.
+    let ids = super::appearance::drop_design_art(&s.doc()?.doc, ids);
     let arrows_and_profile = |st: &mut StrokeLayer| {
         if let Some(sc) = scale {
             st.arrow_scale = sc;
@@ -523,7 +529,7 @@ fn stroke_advanced(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         }
     };
     // As stroke.set: with nothing selected, for the next object drawn.
-    if no_targets(&ids, p)
+    if new_art
         && (scale.is_some() || swap || flip.is_some())
         && let Some(st) = s.new_art_stroke_mut()
     {
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/style.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/style.rs
index e58f109d20..86019048f8 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/style.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/style.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Apply Graphic Style",
             ["Window", "Graphic Styles"],
             None,
-            "{name, add?: bool, ids?|id? (layers too), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} give the objects (default: the selection; a group or layer itself, its fills and strokes painting its members and its effects applying to them as one piece; target contents: the objects inside instead) the style's appearance, opacity, blend mode, isolate and knockout, and link them to it (placed gradients land at the same place relative to each object's bounds); add: true (Alt-click) adds its fills, strokes and effects on top of the existing appearance instead and unlinks. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (with `add`: of the kinds of row the style shows) and, without `add`, the object's opacity and blend mode (exceptions: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores the label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind. With nothing selected (and no ids) the next object drawn takes the style instead (see appearance.newArt) → {newArt: true}",
+            "{name, add?: bool, ids?|id? (layers too), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} give the objects (default: the selection; a group or layer itself, its fills and strokes painting its members and its effects applying to them as one piece; target contents: the objects inside instead) the style's appearance, opacity, blend mode, isolate and knockout, and link them to it (placed gradients land at the same place relative to each object's bounds); add: true (Alt-click) adds its fills, strokes and effects on top of the existing appearance instead and unlinks. On a path directly in a graph series (a series group's id stands for those paths), the graph also stores the paint, weight, opacity and blend mode of the topmost visible fill and stroke (with `add`: of the kinds of row the style shows) and, without `add`, the object's opacity and blend mode (exceptions, and the art of a graph design in a series, which is left out: docs/mcp.md); on a graph label, the graph stores the label's topmost visible fill and stroke rows and object opacity and blend mode for every label of its kind. With nothing selected (and no ids) the next object drawn takes the style instead (see appearance.newArt) → {newArt: true}",
             has_doc,
             style_apply
         ),
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ fn style_apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let i = style_index(&s.doc()?.doc, name)?;
     let add = bool_or(p, "add", false);
     let chars = s.prefs.override_char_color;
-    let own = super::appearance::edit_targets(s, p)?;
+    let own = super::appearance::edit_targets(s, p, "graphicStyle.apply")?;
     let ids = super::appearance::rowless_series_marks(&s.doc()?.doc, &own);
     // The series groups their paths stand for: a style that replaces the appearance clears what they hold themselves,
     // and a style added on top unlinks them.
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ fn style_redefine(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 }
 
 fn style_break_link(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
-    let ids = super::appearance::whole_targets(s, p)?;
+    let ids = super::appearance::whole_targets(s, p, "graphicStyle.breakLink")?;
     s.edit("Break Link to Graphic Style", |d, _| {
         set_link(d, &ids, None);
         Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/stylelib.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/stylelib.rs
index bc06f197e5..88288d6486 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/stylelib.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/stylelib.rs
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ fn add(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     if apply {
         // Objects that can't take a style are refused before any style is added.
-        super::appearance::edit_targets(s, &if ids_given { json!({"ids": p["ids"]}) } else { json!({}) })?;
+        super::appearance::edit_targets(s, &if ids_given { json!({"ids": p["ids"]}) } else { json!({}) }, C)?;
     }
     let mut names = names_param(p, C)?;
     names.extend(text_param(p, "name", C)?.map(str::to_string));
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/textedit.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/textedit.rs
index ee843df8dd..10f1d57342 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/textedit.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/textedit.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Character",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id? (default: the one selected type object), start?: byte, end?: byte (default: all text), story?: bool = false (all the text of every frame of the threaded story `id` is a frame of, in one undo step; no `start` or `end`), font?, style?, size?: pt 0.1..1296 (outside it: an error), leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?, kerning?: 1/1000 em|\"auto\"|\"optical\" (the space after each character), kerningBefore?: 1/1000 em -1000..10000 (the space before a character that starts a line by itself: the first character of the text, of a paragraph or after a forced line break; no effect elsewhere; 0 by default), baselineShift?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg counter-clockwise (0: upright), fill?: colour|\"none\", stroke?: colour|\"none\" (#rrggbbaa and #rgba are refused in both), keepModel?: bool (fill and stroke, as paint.setFill), strokeWidth?: pt, strokeOptions?: {weight?, cap?, join?, miterLimit?, align?, dash?, dashOffset?, alignDashes?} (as stroke.set: the character stroke), underline?, strikethrough?, allCaps?: bool, smallCaps?: bool, position?: \"normal\"|\"superscript\"|\"subscript\" (sizes from Document Setup), features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", \"salt=2\", …] (swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take the font's alternate number as `tag=N`, N 0–65535: \"salt=2\" draws the second alternate of each glyph that has one, \"salt\" is \"salt=1\", \"-salt\" and \"salt=0\" are off; the range is shaped with its word, so a letter's alternate keeps it joined to its neighbours), featureChanges?: [\"tnum\", \"-onum\", \"salt=2\", …] (OpenType features turned on, or with - off, on top of each character's own, a value replacing the feature's last one; its other features are kept), charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\"|\"icfTop\"|\"icfBottom\", proportionalMetrics?: bool (full-width glyphs on the font's proportional widths: `palt` in horizontal type, `vpal` in vertical type), tateChuYoko?: bool (Character panel menu › Tate-chu-yoko, with Show East Asian Options: in vertical type those characters stand side by side across one em of the column; kept on the characters and ignored in horizontal type), tcyUpDown?, tcyLeftRight?: pt -1296..1296 (Character panel menu › Tate-chu-yoko Settings: in vertical type a block of tate-chu-yoko characters moves up by a positive Up/Down and down by a negative one, right by a positive Left/Right and left by a negative one, as one piece with the values of its first character; on a vertical path a positive Up/Down moves it toward the path's start and a positive Left/Right to the path's left; 0 by default; automatic digit blocks and horizontal type do not move; neither turns tateChuYoko on), warichu?: bool (Character panel menu › Warichu, with Show East Asian Options: the characters are set at warichuScale percent of their size and stacked on warichuLines lines inside their line, one above the other in horizontal type and side by side in vertical type, the first line above or to the right; a stretch of them is one block with the settings of its first character that stays whole on one line and may run past its end; type on a path sets them at their own size), warichuLines?: 1..6 (default 2), warichuGap?: pt 0..100 (the space between the lines, default 0), warichuScale?: % 10..100 (default 50), warichuAlign?: \"auto\"|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyLeft\"|\"justifyCenter\"|\"justifyRight\"|\"justifyAll\" (Warichu Settings: how the lines line up along the block, which is as long as its longest line; the justify values spread every line but the last, which is set left, centered or right, or spread with justifyAll; auto, the default, sets them as justifyLeft; left and right are top and bottom in vertical type; none of them turns warichu on), akiLeft?, akiRight?: 1/1000 em 0..1000 (Character panel › Insert Aki Left and Right, with Show East Asian Options: space before and after each character in reading order, on its left and right in left-to-right type, on its right and left in right-to-left type, above and below it in vertical type; a ligature or a letter with its marks takes the values of its first character; line wrapping counts it, alignment keeps it at a line's ends and justification does not stretch or narrow it; 0 by default; a value that is not a number or is outside the range is refused, naming the key), tsume?: % 0..100 (Character panel › Tsume, with Show East Asian Options: the share of the blank space on each side of each character's ink, inside its own width, that is taken away in horizontal type, the glyph keeping its shape; 100 sets the ink edge to edge; a character without ink, such as a space, keeps its width; a ligature or a letter with its marks takes the value of its first character; tracking, kerning and Insert Aki are added after it, and justification keeps it; vertical type keeps the characters' spacing; 0 by default; a value that is not a number or is outside the range is refused), standardVerticalRoman?: bool (Character panel menu › Standard Vertical Roman Alignment, with Show East Asian Options: in vertical type those half-width characters, such as Latin letters and digits, stand upright one below the other instead of being rotated; spaces and tate-chu-yoko blocks are not changed; kept on the characters and ignored in horizontal type; off by default), noBreak?: bool (Character panel menu › No Break: these characters stay on one line, including across a space inside the run), kashidas?: bool (Character panel menu › Kashidas: selected characters allow insertion only when both joined neighbors have it on; on by default), charDirection?: \"default\"|\"leftToRight\"|\"rightToLeft\" (Character panel menu › Character Direction: the characters are set left to right or right to left inside their paragraph, as a Unicode bidi embedding; default: as the bidi algorithm sets them), digits?: \"default\"|\"arabic\"|\"hindi\"|\"farsi\"|\"devanagari\"|\"bengali\"|\"gurmukhi\"|\"gujarati\"|\"odia\"|\"tamil\"|\"telugu\"|\"kannada\"|\"malayalam\" (Character panel menu › Digits: the numeral system every digit is drawn in, whatever was typed: Western, Arabic-Indic (hindi), Eastern Arabic-Indic (farsi) or an Indic script's own digits), glyphForm?: \"traditional\"|\"expert\"|\"jis04\"|\"jis90\"|\"jis78\"|\"jis83\"|\"fullWidth\"|\"halfWidth\"|\"thirdWidth\"|\"quarterWidth\"|\"default\" (Glyphs panel menu, with Show East Asian Options: the characters are drawn in that form of the font, the OpenType feature trad, expt, jp04, jp90, jp78, jp83, fwid, hwid, twid or qwid, one form at a time; a character the font has no such glyph for keeps its own; \"default\", Revert To Default Forms, draws the font's default glyphs; another value is refused), fontHeightReference?: \"emBox\"|\"capHeight\"|\"xHeight\"|\"icfBox\" (Character panel › Set Font Height Reference: the height of the font that size measures, the em box by default; with a font that has no such height, or one outside 0.1 to 2 em, the em box), language?: name|tag (Character panel › Language: one of Document Setup's languages by name or BCP 47 tag, case-insensitive, such as \"Turkish\" or \"tr\"; the characters are shaped in it, so the font uses that language's forms (OpenType `locl`); saved as the tag, English: USA, the default, as none; new type takes the document's language), fontAxes?: {\"wght\": 650, …} (Character panel › Variable Font: the setting of each variation axis named, in the axis's units and clamped to its range; null: back to the style's own setting; other axes keep theirs; tags the font has no axis for are left out; a font or style change clears them; text.fontList {family, style} lists the axes), glyphAlternate?: null (takes away the glyph choice text.setGlyphAlternate made on the characters, in the same undo step as the other attributes; any other value is refused)} style a character range (size/leading/baselineShift are document points and hScale includes the object transform; runs are split at the range ends) → {id, runs, warning?: text (the font or style set isn't available: its type is drawn in the fallback font or the family's closest style)}",
+            "{id? (default: the one selected type object), start?: byte, end?: byte (default: all text), story?: bool = false (all the text of every frame of the threaded story `id` is a frame of, in one undo step; no `start` or `end`), font?, style?, size?: pt 0.1..1296 (outside it: an error), leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?, kerning?: 1/1000 em|\"auto\"|\"optical\" (the space after each character), kerningBefore?: 1/1000 em -1000..10000 (the space before a character that starts a line by itself: the first character of the text, of a paragraph or after a forced line break; no effect elsewhere; 0 by default), baselineShift?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg counter-clockwise (0: upright), fill?: colour|\"none\", stroke?: colour|\"none\" (#rrggbbaa and #rgba are refused in both), keepModel?: bool (fill and stroke, as paint.setFill), strokeWidth?: pt, strokeOptions?: {weight?, cap?, join?, miterLimit?, align?, dash?, dashOffset?, alignDashes?} (as stroke.set: the character stroke), underline?, strikethrough?, allCaps?: bool, smallCaps?: bool, position?: \"normal\"|\"superscript\"|\"subscript\" (sizes from Document Setup), features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", \"salt=2\", …] (swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take the font's alternate number as `tag=N`, N 0–65535: \"salt=2\" draws the second alternate of each glyph that has one, \"salt\" is \"salt=1\", \"-salt\" and \"salt=0\" are off; \"hkna\" is H or V Style, kana in the font's forms for the writing direction, shaped as `vkna` in vertical type, and \"ital\" is Roman Italics, half-width alphanumerics in the font's italic forms, both on or off only; the range is shaped with its word, so a letter's alternate keeps it joined to its neighbours), featureChanges?: [\"tnum\", \"-onum\", \"salt=2\", …] (OpenType features turned on, or with - off, on top of each character's own, a value replacing the feature's last one; its other features are kept), charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\"|\"icfTop\"|\"icfBottom\", proportionalMetrics?: bool (full-width glyphs on the font's proportional widths: `palt` in horizontal type, `vpal` in vertical type), tateChuYoko?: bool (Character panel menu › Tate-chu-yoko, with Show East Asian Options: in vertical type those characters stand side by side across one em of the column; kept on the characters and ignored in horizontal type), tcyUpDown?, tcyLeftRight?: pt -1296..1296 (Character panel menu › Tate-chu-yoko Settings: in vertical type a block of tate-chu-yoko characters moves up by a positive Up/Down and down by a negative one, right by a positive Left/Right and left by a negative one, as one piece with the values of its first character; on a vertical path a positive Up/Down moves it toward the path's start and a positive Left/Right to the path's left; 0 by default; automatic digit blocks and horizontal type do not move; neither turns tateChuYoko on), warichu?: bool (Character panel menu › Warichu, with Show East Asian Options: the characters are set at warichuScale percent of their size and stacked on warichuLines lines inside their line, one above the other in horizontal type and side by side in vertical type, the first line above or to the right; a stretch of them is one block with the settings of its first character that stays whole on one line and may run past its end; type on a path sets them at their own size), warichuLines?: 1..6 (default 2), warichuGap?: pt 0..100 (the space between the lines, default 0), warichuScale?: % 10..100 (default 50), warichuAlign?: \"auto\"|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyLeft\"|\"justifyCenter\"|\"justifyRight\"|\"justifyAll\" (Warichu Settings: how the lines line up along the block, which is as long as its longest line; the justify values spread every line but the last, which is set left, centered or right, or spread with justifyAll; auto, the default, sets them as justifyLeft; left and right are top and bottom in vertical type; none of them turns warichu on), akiLeft?, akiRight?: 1/1000 em 0..1000 (Character panel › Insert Aki Left and Right, with Show East Asian Options: space before and after each character in reading order, on its left and right in left-to-right type, on its right and left in right-to-left type, above and below it in vertical type; a ligature or a letter with its marks takes the values of its first character; line wrapping counts it, alignment keeps it at a line's ends and justification does not stretch or narrow it; 0 by default; a value that is not a number or is outside the range is refused, naming the key), tsume?: % 0..100 (Character panel › Tsume, with Show East Asian Options: the share of the blank space on each side of each character's ink, inside its own width, that is taken away in horizontal type, the glyph keeping its shape; 100 sets the ink edge to edge; a character without ink, such as a space, keeps its width; a ligature or a letter with its marks takes the value of its first character; tracking, kerning and Insert Aki are added after it, and justification keeps it; vertical type keeps the characters' spacing; 0 by default; a value that is not a number or is outside the range is refused), standardVerticalRoman?: bool (Character panel menu › Standard Vertical Roman Alignment, with Show East Asian Options: in vertical type those half-width characters, such as Latin letters and digits, stand upright one below the other instead of being rotated; spaces and tate-chu-yoko blocks are not changed; kept on the characters and ignored in horizontal type; off by default), noBreak?: bool (Character panel menu › No Break: these characters stay on one line, including across a space inside the run), kashidas?: bool (Character panel menu › Kashidas: selected characters allow insertion only when both joined neighbors have it on; on by default), charDirection?: \"default\"|\"leftToRight\"|\"rightToLeft\" (Character panel menu › Character Direction: the characters are set left to right or right to left inside their paragraph, as a Unicode bidi embedding; default: as the bidi algorithm sets them), digits?: \"default\"|\"arabic\"|\"hindi\"|\"farsi\"|\"devanagari\"|\"bengali\"|\"gurmukhi\"|\"gujarati\"|\"odia\"|\"tamil\"|\"telugu\"|\"kannada\"|\"malayalam\" (Character panel menu › Digits: the numeral system every digit is drawn in, whatever was typed: Western, Arabic-Indic (hindi), Eastern Arabic-Indic (farsi) or an Indic script's own digits), glyphForm?: \"traditional\"|\"expert\"|\"jis04\"|\"jis90\"|\"jis78\"|\"jis83\"|\"fullWidth\"|\"halfWidth\"|\"thirdWidth\"|\"quarterWidth\"|\"default\" (Glyphs panel menu, with Show East Asian Options: the characters are drawn in that form of the font, the OpenType feature trad, expt, jp04, jp90, jp78, jp83, fwid, hwid, twid or qwid, one form at a time; a character the font has no such glyph for keeps its own; \"default\", Revert To Default Forms, draws the font's default glyphs; another value is refused), fontHeightReference?: \"emBox\"|\"capHeight\"|\"xHeight\"|\"icfBox\" (Character panel › Set Font Height Reference: the height of the font that size measures, the em box by default; with a font that has no such height, or one outside 0.1 to 2 em, the em box), language?: name|tag (Character panel › Language: one of Document Setup's languages by name or BCP 47 tag, case-insensitive, such as \"Turkish\" or \"tr\"; the characters are shaped in it, so the font uses that language's forms (OpenType `locl`); saved as the tag, English: USA, the default, as none; new type takes the document's language), fontAxes?: {\"wght\": 650, …} (Character panel › Variable Font: the setting of each variation axis named, in the axis's units and clamped to its range; null: back to the style's own setting; other axes keep theirs; tags the font has no axis for are left out; a font or style change clears them; text.fontList {family, style} lists the axes), glyphAlternate?: null (takes away the glyph choice text.setGlyphAlternate made on the characters, in the same undo step as the other attributes; any other value is refused)} style a character range (size/leading/baselineShift are document points and hScale includes the object transform; runs are split at the range ends) → {id, runs, warning?: text (the font or style set isn't available: its type is drawn in the fallback font or the family's closest style)}",
             has_doc,
             set_range_style
         ),
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Touch Type",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id, start: byte (a character of it), dx?: pt, dy?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg counter-clockwise (0: upright)} change one character (a ligature, one glyph for several characters, as a whole) as a Touch Type tool drag does, as one undo step: dx moves it along its line in reading order by changing the kerning of the character before it on the line and its own kerning, and the characters after it stay where they are (an error for the first logical character of a line or at a reading-direction boundary; supported in either reading direction; limited to what kerning from -1000 to 10000 can give); dy raises it (baseline shift, up from its line whatever its rotation, also for the first character of a line and a right-to-left character); dx and dy are document points; hScale (including the object transform), vScale and rotation set its scales and rotation as text.setRangeStyle does. The kerning of the two characters also keeps the character and the ones after it where they were along the line when the font kerned them with their neighbors; a wider or narrower character moves the ones after it by the change in its width → {id, start, end} (the character's bytes)",
+            "{id, start: byte (a character of it), dx?: pt, dy?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg counter-clockwise (0: upright)} change one character (a ligature, one glyph for several characters, as a whole) as a Touch Type tool drag does, as one undo step: dx moves it along its line in reading order by changing the kerning of the character before it on the line and its own kerning, and the characters after it stay where they are (an error for the first logical character of a line or at a reading-direction boundary; supported in either reading direction; limited to what kerning from -1000 to 10000 can give); dy raises it (baseline shift, up from its line whatever its rotation, also for the first character of a line and a right-to-left character); dx and dy are document points; hScale (including the object transform), vScale and rotation set its scales and rotation as text.setRangeStyle does. The kerning of the two characters also keeps the character and the ones after it where they were along the line when the font kerned them with their neighbors; a wider or narrower character moves the ones after it by the change in its width. An error for a character of type on an open path that is not drawn because it falls before the path's start → {id, start, end} (the character's bytes)",
             has_doc,
             touch_type
         ),
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ pub(crate) fn features_param(p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Option<Vec<String>>
         return Err(bad(
             cmd,
             format!(
-                "unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {}, as `salt=2`)",
+                "unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {}, as `salt=2`)",
                 vectorcraft_text::MAX_FEATURE_VALUE
             ),
         ));
@@ -1550,8 +1550,21 @@ fn touch_type(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     change.localize(&t, C)?;
     let points = t.style_scale().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "text transform is collapsed or unrepresentable"))?.points;
     let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t);
-    let g = lay.glyphs.iter().find(|g| g.byte <= start && start < g.byte + g.len).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, format!("no character at byte {start}")))?;
+    let holds = |g: &&vectorcraft_text::PositionedGlyph| g.byte <= start && start < g.byte + g.len;
+    lay.glyphs.iter().find(holds).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, format!("no character at byte {start}")))?;
+    // A character before an open path's start is not drawn; one whose glyphs straddle the start
+    // is changed by its first drawn glyph.
+    let g = lay
+        .glyphs
+        .iter()
+        .filter(holds)
+        .find(|g| !g.off_path)
+        .ok_or_else(|| bad(C, format!("the character at byte {start} is not drawn: it falls before its path's start")))?;
     let (a, b) = (g.byte, g.byte + g.len);
+    // The same glyph of the character in another layout of the type: its place among the glyphs
+    // of the character.
+    let nth = lay.glyphs.iter().filter(|h| h.byte == a && h.len > 0).position(|h| std::ptr::eq(h, g)).unwrap_or(0);
+    let same = |l: &vectorcraft_text::TextLayout| l.glyphs.iter().filter(|h| h.byte == a && h.len > 0).nth(nth).cloned();
     // The line's direction in reading order.
     let d = Vec2::new(g.angle.cos(), g.angle.sin());
     let along = if g.rtl { -d } else { d };
@@ -1623,7 +1636,7 @@ fn touch_type(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             // rises, which would make its horizontal drift count as baseline movement.
             touch(&mut trial, pr.map(|_| 0.0), Some(0.0), to - shift);
             let l = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &trial);
-            l.glyphs.iter().find(|h| h.byte == a && h.len > 0).map(|h| h.xf * Point::ZERO)
+            same(&l).map(|h| h.xf * Point::ZERO)
         };
         let (per_step, across) = match (pen_at(from + step), pen_at(from + 2.0 * step)) {
             (Some(p), Some(q)) => (linear(t.xf, q - p).hypot() / step.abs(), (q - p).dot(up) / step),
@@ -1653,7 +1666,7 @@ fn touch_type(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         touch(&mut trial, None, None, 0.0);
         let l = vectorcraft_text::layout(db, &trial);
         let intrinsic = |h: &vectorcraft_text::PositionedGlyph| h.xf * Point::ZERO - h.xf * h.pivot;
-        l.glyphs.iter().find(|h| h.byte == a && h.len > 0).map_or(Vec2::ZERO, |h| intrinsic(h) - intrinsic(g))
+        same(&l).map_or(Vec2::ZERO, |h| intrinsic(&h) - intrinsic(g))
     } else {
         Vec2::ZERO
     };
@@ -1681,7 +1694,7 @@ fn touch_type(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let mut trial = t.clone();
         touch(&mut trial, k.0, k.1, raise);
         let l = vectorcraft_text::layout(db, &trial);
-        let h = l.glyphs.iter().find(|h| h.byte == a && h.len > 0).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "the character's size can't be measured"))?;
+        let h = same(&l).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "the character's size can't be measured"))?;
         let across_goal = (g.xf * Point::ZERO).to_vec2().dot(up) + dy / doc_len(up) + intrinsic_delta.dot(up);
         raise += (across_goal - (h.xf * Point::ZERO).to_vec2().dot(up)) / baseline_step;
         if !raise.is_finite() {
@@ -1695,7 +1708,7 @@ fn touch_type(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let mut trial = t.clone();
         touch(&mut trial, k.0, k.1, raise);
         let l = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &trial);
-        let h = l.glyphs.iter().find(|h| h.byte == a && h.len > 0)?;
+        let h = same(&l)?;
         let next = match (l.glyphs.iter().find(|n| n.byte == b && n.len > 0 && n.line == h.line), next_goal) {
             (Some(n), Some(at)) => pen(n) - at,
             _ => 0.0,
@@ -1704,7 +1717,7 @@ fn touch_type(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             (Some(n), Some(at)) => pen(n) - at,
             _ => 0.0,
         };
-        Some([pen(h) - goal, next, previous])
+        Some([pen(&h) - goal, next, previous])
     };
     let placed = |m: [f64; 3]| m.iter().all(|v| v.abs() <= 1e-9);
     // A manual kerning value turns off the font's kerning for its character, each style run is
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd.rs
index 31bcad4671..2cc7c3c1d3 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd.rs
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Character",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, font?, style? (font alone: the style is kept when the new family has it, else its closest), size?: pt 0.1..1296 (outside it: an error), leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?: 1/1000 em, justify?: \"auto\" (the start of each paragraph's direction)|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyAll\", fill?: colour|\"none\", stroke?: colour|\"none\" (characters without a stroke weight get 1 pt; #rrggbbaa and #rgba are refused in both), keepModel?: bool (fill and stroke, as paint.setFill), strokeWidth?: pt (the character stroke's weight, in document points as stroke.set), features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", \"salt=2\", …] OpenType (swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take the font's alternate number as `tag=N`, N 0–65535: \"salt=2\" draws the second alternate of each glyph that has one, \"salt\" is \"salt=1\", \"-salt\" and \"salt=0\" are off), featureChanges?: [\"tnum\", \"-onum\", \"salt=2\", …] (OpenType features turned on, or with - off, on top of each character's own, a value replacing the feature's last one; its other features are kept), start?: byte, end?: byte} (size/leading are document points after object scaling; with a range: the character attributes style that range and justify the paragraphs it touches; without: all the text; no undo step when no character, paragraph or graph label style changes) → {ids, overflow?: [id…] (area type and type on a path whose text no longer fits; left out when all fits), warning?: text (the font or style set isn't available: its type is drawn in the fallback font or the family's closest style)}",
+            "{ids?|id?, font?, style? (font alone: the style is kept when the new family has it, else its closest), size?: pt 0.1..1296 (outside it: an error), leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?: 1/1000 em, justify?: \"auto\" (the start of each paragraph's direction)|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyAll\", fill?: colour|\"none\", stroke?: colour|\"none\" (characters without a stroke weight get 1 pt; #rrggbbaa and #rgba are refused in both), keepModel?: bool (fill and stroke, as paint.setFill), strokeWidth?: pt (the character stroke's weight, in document points as stroke.set), features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", \"salt=2\", …] OpenType (swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take the font's alternate number as `tag=N`, N 0–65535: \"salt=2\" draws the second alternate of each glyph that has one, \"salt\" is \"salt=1\", \"-salt\" and \"salt=0\" are off; \"hkna\" is H or V Style, kana in the font's forms for the writing direction, shaped as `vkna` in vertical type, and \"ital\" is Roman Italics, half-width alphanumerics in the font's italic forms, both on or off only), featureChanges?: [\"tnum\", \"-onum\", \"salt=2\", …] (OpenType features turned on, or with - off, on top of each character's own, a value replacing the feature's last one; its other features are kept), start?: byte, end?: byte} (size/leading are document points after object scaling; with a range: the character attributes style that range and justify the paragraphs it touches; without: all the text; no undo step when no character, paragraph or graph label style changes) → {ids, overflow?: [id…] (area type and type on a path whose text no longer fits; left out when all fits), warning?: text (the font or style set isn't available: its type is drawn in the fallback font or the family's closest style)}",
             has_doc,
             set_style
         ),
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd/area_tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd/area_tests.rs
index ca9e4dc2ed..e0e5d8a926 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd/area_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd/area_tests.rs
@@ -1589,6 +1589,40 @@ fn proportional_metrics_is_a_character_attribute_saved_only_when_on() {
     assert!(!serde_json::from_value::<vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle>(old).unwrap().proportional_metrics);
 }
 
+/// H or V Style (`hkna`) and Roman Italics (`ital`, OpenType panel menu, East Asian options) are
+/// feature tags of the characters: set on a range and turned off again, kept by a character style
+/// and in a saved document, on or off only (`hkna=2` is refused and changes nothing).
+#[test]
+fn kana_style_and_roman_italics_are_character_features() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 400})).unwrap();
+    let id = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 50, "text": "かなAB"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let runs = |s: &Session| match &s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(NodeId(id)).unwrap().kind {
+        NodeKind::Text(t) => t.runs.iter().map(|r| (r.text.clone(), r.style.features.clone())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        _ => panic!("text"),
+    };
+    // か and な are 3 bytes each.
+    s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id, "start": 0, "end": 6, "features": ["hkna"]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id, "start": 6, "end": 8, "featureChanges": ["ital"]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(runs(&s), [("かな".to_string(), vec!["hkna".to_string()]), ("AB".to_string(), vec!["ital".to_string()])]);
+    let saved = vectorcraft_format::load(&vectorcraft_format::save(&s.doc().unwrap().doc, false)).unwrap();
+    let NodeKind::Text(t) = &saved.node(NodeId(id)).unwrap().kind else { panic!("text") };
+    assert_eq!(t.runs.iter().map(|r| r.style.features.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), [vec!["hkna".to_string()], vec!["ital".to_string()]]);
+    let before = runs(&s);
+    for bad in [json!({"id": id, "features": ["hkna=2"]}), json!({"id": id, "featureChanges": ["ital=1"]})] {
+        let e = s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &bad).unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert!(e.contains("unknown OpenType feature"), "{e}");
+    }
+    assert_eq!(runs(&s), before);
+    s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id, "featureChanges": ["-hkna", "-ital"]})).unwrap();
+    assert!(runs(&s).iter().all(|(_, f)| f.is_empty()), "{:?}", runs(&s));
+    s.execute("charStyle.new", &json!({"name": "Kana", "attrs": {"features": ["hkna", "ital"]}})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("charStyle.apply", &json!({"name": "Kana", "id": id})).unwrap();
+    assert!(runs(&s).iter().all(|(_, f)| *f == ["hkna", "ital"]), "{:?}", runs(&s));
+    let e = s.execute("charStyle.new", &json!({"name": "Bad", "attrs": {"features": ["ital=2"]}})).unwrap_err().to_string();
+    assert!(e.contains("unknown OpenType feature `ital=2`"), "{e}");
+}
+
 /// Tate-chu-yoko (Character panel menu, East Asian options): a character attribute, saved only
 /// when on. Documents written before it read as off.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/typemenu.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/typemenu.rs
index d793fc12a3..01615e5f4f 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/typemenu.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/typemenu.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Type on a Path Options…",
             ["Type", "Type on a Path"],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, start?: 0..1, end?: 0..1|null, flip?: bool, effect?: rainbow|skew|3dRibbon|stairStep|gravity, alignToPath?: ascender|descender|center|baseline, spacing?: pt} set the selected type on a path's options: start and end place its start and end brackets as fractions of the path's length (end null: the end of the path, or once round a closed path), and flip then turns the type to the other side of its path (the path runs the other way, the brackets swap ends); alignToPath runs each character's em box top (ascender), font bounding box bottom (descender), half the height of its H's top above the baseline (center) or baseline along the path, by the character's own font, size and vertical scale (vertical type: half an em either way, or none for center); none given: query → the first object's {start, end, flip: false, effect, alignToPath, spacing}",
+            "{ids?|id?, start?: -1000000..1 (below 0 only on an open path), end?: 0..1|null, flip?: bool, effect?: rainbow|skew|3dRibbon|stairStep|gravity, alignToPath?: ascender|descender|center|baseline, spacing?: pt} set the selected type on a path's options: start and end place its start and end brackets as fractions of the path's length (end null: the end of the path, or once round a closed path); on an open path a start below 0 starts the text that far before the path's start, and the characters whose middle falls before it are not drawn (on a closed path it is the path's start), and flip then turns the type to the other side of its path (the path runs the other way, the brackets swap ends); alignToPath runs each character's em box top (ascender), font bounding box bottom (descender), half the height of its H's top above the baseline (center) or baseline along the path, by the character's own font, size and vertical scale (vertical type: half an em either way, or none for center); none given: query → the first object's {start, end, flip: false, effect, alignToPath, spacing}",
             has_selection,
             path_options
         ),
@@ -1018,7 +1018,18 @@ fn path_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             Some(v) => v.as_f64().filter(|x| x.is_finite()).map(|x| Some(x.clamp(0.0, 1.0))).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, format!("`{k}` is a number 0..1"))),
         }
     };
-    let start = fraction("start")?;
+    // On an open path the text may start before the path's start (below 0, see
+    // `TextKind::path_text_start`); on a closed path a start below 0 is the path's start.
+    let start = match p.get("start") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => None,
+        Some(v) => Some(
+            v.as_f64()
+                .filter(|x| x.is_finite())
+                .map(|x| x.clamp(-vectorcraft_doc::PATH_LEAD_MAX, 1.0))
+                .ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "`start` is a number up to 1 (below 0: before an open path's start)"))?,
+        ),
+    };
+    let start_on = |path: &vectorcraft_geom::PathData, v: f64| if path.is_closed() { v.max(0.0) } else { v };
     // `end: null` puts the end bracket back at the end of the path.
     let end = p.get("end").map(|_| fraction("end")).transpose()?;
     let flip = switch_or(p, "flip", false, C)?;
@@ -1037,8 +1048,8 @@ fn path_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     // Without a flip, when every object already has every value given, the document and its undo
     // history stay as they are.
     let has_values = |t: &TextObject| match &t.kind {
-        TextKind::OnPath { start: st, end: en, .. } => {
-            start.is_none_or(|v| v == *st)
+        TextKind::OnPath { path, start: st, end: en } => {
+            start.is_none_or(|v| start_on(path, v) == *st)
                 && end.is_none_or(|v| v == *en)
                 && effect.is_none_or(|e| t.path_effect == e)
                 && align.is_none_or(|a| t.path_align == a)
@@ -1053,9 +1064,9 @@ fn path_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     s.edit("Type on a Path Options", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
-            let TextKind::OnPath { start: st, end: en, .. } = &mut t.kind else { continue };
+            let TextKind::OnPath { path, start: st, end: en } = &mut t.kind else { continue };
             if let Some(v) = start {
-                *st = v;
+                *st = start_on(path, v);
             }
             if let Some(v) = end {
                 *en = v;
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests.rs
index 3b54a532ef..f89cc98ff8 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests.rs
@@ -1293,7 +1293,12 @@ fn a_transform_that_moves_nothing_records_no_undo_step() {
     for (id, p) in calls {
         assert_eq!(s.execute(id, &p).unwrap(), json!({"ids": [a.0]}), "{id} {p}");
         assert_eq!(history(&s), before, "{id} {p}");
-        assert_eq!(s.journal.last().unwrap(), &(id.to_string(), p));
+        // The journal adds the frame a scale acted in, so a replay acts in the same one.
+        let mut recorded = p;
+        if id == "object.scale" {
+            recorded["basis"] = json!("box");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(s.journal.last().unwrap(), &(id.to_string(), recorded));
     }
     assert_eq!(
         s.doc().unwrap().last_transform,
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/bboxrotate.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/bboxrotate.rs
index 6dc1c9b410..dfabb77236 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/bboxrotate.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/bboxrotate.rs
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ fn expanding_a_reflected_symbol_instance_keeps_its_box() {
         for reset in [false, true] {
             let (mut s, inst) = turned_instance(0.0);
             s.execute("object.rotate", &json!({"angle": 150})).unwrap();
-            s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "horizontal"})).unwrap();
+            s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "horizontal", "basis": "page"})).unwrap();
             assert!(near(angle(&s, inst), -170.0), "{}", angle(&s, inst));
             if reset {
                 s.execute("object.resetBoundingBox", &json!({})).unwrap();
@@ -719,10 +719,164 @@ fn page_flips_keep_an_upright_box_upright() {
     s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "horizontal"})).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(angle(&s, a), 0.0);
     s.execute("object.rotate", &json!({"angle": 30})).unwrap();
+    // A named axis is the turned box's own: the box keeps its angle.
     s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "vertical"})).unwrap();
+    assert!(near(angle(&s, a), 30.0));
+    s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "vertical", "basis": "page"})).unwrap();
     assert!(near(angle(&s, a), -30.0));
 }
 
+fn same_matrix(a: Affine, b: Affine) -> bool {
+    a.as_coeffs().iter().zip(b.as_coeffs()).all(|(x, y)| near(*x, y))
+}
+
+/// After a rotation, Scale and a named Reflect act along the turned bounding box until Reset
+/// Bounding Box; `basis: "page"` keeps the page's axes, and Transform Again repeats the matrix the
+/// transform applied on the page.
+#[test]
+fn scale_and_reflect_follow_the_turned_box() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = turned_rect(&mut s);
+    let page = |s: &Session, ids: &[NodeId]| s.doc().unwrap().doc.bounds_of(ids, false).unwrap();
+    let c = Point::new(200.0, 200.0);
+    let frame = OrientedBox { angle: 45.0, rect: Rect::ZERO };
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 200, "sy": 100})).unwrap();
+    let b = selection_box(&s);
+    assert!(near(b.angle, 45.0) && near(angle(&s, a), 45.0), "{b:?}");
+    assert!(near(b.rect.width(), 200.0) && near(b.rect.height(), 50.0), "{b:?}");
+    assert!(b.center().distance(c) < 1e-6, "{b:?}");
+    let want = Affine::translate(c.to_vec2()) * frame.conjugate(Affine::scale_non_uniform(2.0, 1.0)) * Affine::translate(-c.to_vec2());
+    let Some(LastTransform::Matrix(m, _)) = s.doc().unwrap().last_transform.clone() else { panic!("no transform to repeat") };
+    assert!(same_matrix(m, want), "{m:?}");
+    // The recorded step names its basis, so a replay acts in the same frame.
+    let steps = s.journal_for_action(0);
+    assert!(steps.iter().any(|(id, p)| id == "object.scale" && p["basis"] == "box"), "{steps:?}");
+
+    // Reflected across the box's vertical axis through its left side: the box keeps its angle and
+    // size, and its centre moves a width to the left along the box.
+    let left = b.reference_point(3);
+    s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "vertical", "origin": [left.x, left.y]})).unwrap();
+    let r = selection_box(&s);
+    let moved = c + (frame.to_doc() * Point::new(-200.0, 0.0)).to_vec2();
+    assert!(near(r.angle, 45.0) && near(r.rect.width(), 200.0) && near(r.rect.height(), 50.0), "{r:?}");
+    assert!(r.center().distance(moved) < 1e-6, "{r:?}");
+    // Across its horizontal axis through its centre: the box stays where it is.
+    s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "horizontal"})).unwrap();
+    assert!(selection_box(&s).center().distance(moved) < 1e-6 && near(angle(&s, a), 45.0));
+
+    // Unknown bases are errors and change nothing.
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    assert!(s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 50, "basis": "turned"})).is_err());
+    assert!(s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "vertical", "basis": 1})).is_err());
+    assert!(s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": 30, "basis": "turned"})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n);
+
+    // On the page's axes, the box no longer stands at 45°.
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 50, "sy": 100, "basis": "page"})).unwrap();
+    assert!(!near(angle(&s, a), 45.0));
+    // Transform Again repeats the page matrix after Reset Bounding Box too.
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 200, "sy": 100})).unwrap();
+    let Some(LastTransform::Matrix(m, _)) = s.doc().unwrap().last_transform.clone() else { panic!("no transform to repeat") };
+    s.execute("object.resetBoundingBox", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(a).unwrap().clone();
+    s.execute("object.transformAgain", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let mut want = before;
+    want.transform(m, false);
+    let (got, want) = (page(&s, &[a]), want.geometric_bounds_with(&s.doc().unwrap().doc.symbol_boxes()).unwrap());
+    assert!([got.x0 - want.x0, got.y0 - want.y0, got.x1 - want.x1, got.y1 - want.y1].iter().all(|d| d.abs() < 1e-6), "{got:?} {want:?}");
+}
+
+/// A saved step without `basis` was recorded before Scale and Reflect followed the turned box, so a
+/// replay of it acts along the page's axes, as it did then, and its new journal entry says so. A
+/// step recorded now names its basis and replays along the box. A call without `basis` that is not
+/// a replay acts along the box.
+#[test]
+fn saved_steps_without_a_basis_replay_on_the_page() {
+    // The turned rectangle after `run` runs on it: its page bounds and its box's angle.
+    let after = |run: &dyn Fn(&mut Session)| {
+        let mut s = session();
+        let a = turned_rect(&mut s);
+        run(&mut s);
+        let st = (s.doc().unwrap().doc.bounds_of(&[a], false).unwrap(), angle(&s, a));
+        (st, s.journal.last().unwrap().clone())
+    };
+    let same = |(r, a): (Rect, f64), (q, b): (Rect, f64)| [r.x0 - q.x0, r.y0 - q.y0, r.x1 - q.x1, r.y1 - q.y1, a - b].iter().all(|d| d.abs() < 1e-6);
+    for (id, p) in [("object.scale", json!({"sx": 200, "sy": 100})), ("object.reflect", json!({"axis": "vertical"}))] {
+        let mut on_page = p.clone();
+        on_page["basis"] = json!("page");
+        let (page, _) = after(&|s| {
+            s.execute(id, &on_page).unwrap();
+        });
+        let (old, (_, noted)) = after(&|s| {
+            s.replay(id, &p).unwrap();
+        });
+        assert!(same(old, page), "{id}: {old:?} {page:?}");
+        assert_eq!(noted["basis"], "page", "{id}");
+
+        let (boxed, (recorded_id, recorded)) = after(&|s| {
+            s.execute(id, &p).unwrap();
+        });
+        assert!(!same(boxed, page) && near(boxed.1, 45.0), "{id}: {boxed:?}");
+        assert_eq!(recorded["basis"], "box", "{id}");
+        let (replayed, _) = after(&|s| {
+            s.replay(&recorded_id, &recorded).unwrap();
+        });
+        assert!(same(replayed, boxed), "{id}: {replayed:?} {boxed:?}");
+    }
+}
+
+/// Once Reset Bounding Box squares the box, and for objects standing at different angles, Scale
+/// acts along the page's axes.
+#[test]
+fn scale_follows_the_page_after_a_reset_and_for_mixed_angles() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = turned_rect(&mut s);
+    s.execute("object.resetBoundingBox", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let page = |s: &Session, ids: &[NodeId]| s.doc().unwrap().doc.bounds_of(ids, false).unwrap();
+    let w = page(&s, &[a]);
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 200, "sy": 100})).unwrap();
+    let r = page(&s, &[a]);
+    assert!(near(r.width(), 2.0 * w.width()) && near(r.height(), w.height()), "{w:?} {r:?}");
+    assert_eq!(angle(&s, a), 0.0);
+    // A turned rectangle with an upright one: the box is square to the page.
+    let b = turned_rect(&mut s);
+    let u = rect(&mut s, 400.0, 100.0, 50.0, 50.0);
+    sel(&mut s, &[b, u]);
+    let w = page(&s, &[b, u]);
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 100, "sy": 200})).unwrap();
+    let r = page(&s, &[b, u]);
+    assert!(near(r.width(), w.width()) && near(r.height(), 2.0 * w.height()), "{w:?} {r:?}");
+}
+
+/// With anchors selected, Scale and a named Reflect move the anchors along the page's axes, but
+/// with Transform Objects off they move the whole objects' pattern tiles, along the turned box.
+#[test]
+fn pattern_only_transforms_of_selected_anchors_follow_the_turned_box() {
+    let c = Point::new(200.0, 200.0);
+    let frame = OrientedBox { angle: 45.0, rect: Rect::ZERO };
+    let about = |m: Affine| Affine::translate(c.to_vec2()) * m * Affine::translate(-c.to_vec2());
+    let last = |s: &Session| match s.doc().unwrap().last_transform.clone() {
+        Some(LastTransform::Matrix(m, _)) => m,
+        other => panic!("no matrix to repeat: {other:?}"),
+    };
+    let scale = Affine::scale_non_uniform(2.0, 1.0);
+    let flip = Affine::scale_non_uniform(-1.0, 1.0);
+    for (cmd, p, m) in [("object.scale", json!({"sx": 200, "sy": 100}), scale), ("object.reflect", json!({"axis": "vertical"}), flip)] {
+        for objects in [false, true] {
+            let mut s = session();
+            let a = turned_rect(&mut s);
+            s.execute("select.anchors", &json!({"id": a.0, "anchors": [[0, 0]], "mode": "set"})).unwrap();
+            let mut p = p.clone();
+            p["origin"] = json!([c.x, c.y]);
+            p["objects"] = json!(objects);
+            p["patterns"] = json!(true);
+            s.execute(cmd, &p).unwrap();
+            let want = if objects { about(m) } else { about(frame.conjugate(m)) };
+            assert!(same_matrix(last(&s), want), "{cmd} objects {objects}: {:?}", last(&s));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn groups_type_and_multiple_selections_keep_their_angle() {
     let mut s = session();
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/brushlib.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/brushlib.rs
index 98a577abed..4f0b739951 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/brushlib.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/brushlib.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ fn the_builtin_libraries_are_original_brushes_generated_in_code() {
             "scatter-shapes",
             "game-trails",
             "energy-beams",
-            "dry-media"
+            "dry-media",
+            "tech-circuit"
         ]
     );
     assert!(libs.iter().all(|l| l["category"] == "builtIn"));
@@ -217,6 +218,87 @@ fn black_stroke() -> vectorcraft_doc::StrokeLayer {
     vectorcraft_doc::StrokeLayer::new(vectorcraft_color::Paint::solid(vectorcraft_color::Color::BLACK), 1.0)
 }
 
+/// Original circuit art and repeat tiles survive adding, applying and saving a library.
+#[test]
+fn the_tech_circuit_library_constructs_adds_and_applies_each_brush() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let listed = run(&mut s, "brush.libraries", json!({}));
+    let entry = listed["libraries"].as_array().unwrap().iter().find(|l| l["id"] == "tech-circuit").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((entry["name"].as_str(), entry["category"].as_str(), entry["count"].as_u64()), (Some("Tech Circuit"), Some("builtIn"), Some(3)));
+    let (_, lib) = cmd::brushlib::library(&s, "Tech Circuit").unwrap();
+    let expected = [("Circuit Trace", "art"), ("Bus Lines", "pattern"), ("Terminal Nodes", "pattern")];
+    assert_eq!(lib.brushes.iter().map(|b| (b.name.as_str(), b.kind.type_id())).collect::<Vec<_>>(), expected);
+    let path = run(&mut s, "shape.line", json!({"x1": 10, "y1": 20, "x2": 210, "y2": 20}))["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let curve = {
+        let mut p = line_to(40.0);
+        p.curve_to((60.0, -40.0), (140.0, 40.0), (200.0, 0.0));
+        p
+    };
+    let corner = vectorcraft_geom::shapes::rectangle(vectorcraft_geom::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 80.0, 60.0)).to_bezpath();
+    for b in &lib.brushes {
+        let mut sanitized = b.clone();
+        sanitized.sanitize();
+        assert_eq!(&sanitized, b, "{} changes on load", b.name);
+        for tile in b.art() {
+            let pts = anchors(&[tile]);
+            assert!(!pts.is_empty() && pts.len() <= 100, "{}", b.name);
+            assert!(pts.iter().all(|p| p.x.is_finite() && p.y.is_finite()));
+            tile.walk(&mut |n| {
+                if let Some(p) = n.path_data() {
+                    assert!(p.subpaths.iter().all(|s| s.closed));
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        if let BrushKind::Pattern(p) = &b.kind {
+            assert_eq!(p.colorization, vectorcraft_brush::Colorization::Tints);
+            assert_eq!(p.spacing, 0.0, "conductors join adjacent tiles");
+            if b.name == "Bus Lines" {
+                let lanes = p.side.children().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(lanes.len(), 3);
+                let boxes: Vec<_> = lanes.iter().map(|n| n.path_data().unwrap().bounds().unwrap()).collect();
+                for r in &boxes {
+                    assert_eq!((r.x0, r.x1), (0.0, 24.0));
+                }
+                assert!(boxes.windows(2).all(|r| r[0].y1 < r[1].y0), "lanes stay separate");
+            }
+            if b.name == "Terminal Nodes" {
+                let mut rings = 0;
+                p.side.walk(&mut |n| {
+                    if matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Compound { rule: vectorcraft_geom::FillRule::EvenOdd, .. }) {
+                        rings += 1;
+                    }
+                });
+                assert_eq!(rings, 1, "a hollow circular test point per tile");
+            }
+        }
+        for p in [line_to(200.0), line_to(2.0), curve.clone(), corner.clone()] {
+            let pieces = vectorcraft_brush::stroke_pieces(&lib.doc, b, &p, &black_stroke());
+            let pts = anchors(&pieces.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>());
+            assert!(!pts.is_empty() && pts.iter().all(|p| p.x.is_finite() && p.y.is_finite()), "{}", b.name);
+        }
+        let before = undo_len(&s);
+        let r = run(&mut s, "brush.addFromLibrary", json!({"library": "tech-circuit", "name": b.name, "apply": true, "ids": [path]}));
+        assert_eq!(strs(&r["added"]), [b.name.as_str()]);
+        assert_eq!(r["applied"], json!([path]));
+        assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), before + 1);
+        assert_eq!(brush(&s, &b.name), *b);
+        assert_eq!(doc(&s).node(NodeId(path)).unwrap().appearance.stroke().unwrap().brush.as_deref(), Some(b.name.as_str()));
+        run(&mut s, "edit.undo", json!({}));
+        assert!(vectorcraft_brush::find(doc(&s), &b.name).is_none());
+        run(&mut s, "edit.redo", json!({}));
+        let before = undo_len(&s);
+        let again = run(&mut s, "brush.addFromLibrary", json!({"library": "tech-circuit", "name": b.name}));
+        assert!(strs(&again["added"]).is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(strs(&again["existing"]), [b.name.as_str()]);
+        assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), before);
+    }
+    let names: Vec<&str> = expected.iter().map(|(name, _)| *name).collect();
+    let saved = run(&mut s, "brush.saveLibrary", json!({"names": names}));
+    let bytes = vectorcraft_format::base64_decode(saved["dataBase64"].as_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
+    let reopened = vectorcraft_format::load(&bytes).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(vectorcraft_brush::library(&reopened), lib.brushes);
+}
+
 /// Ink and Wash: a tapered ink art brush, a brush pen whose size follows the pen pressure and two
 /// translucent washes, with names of their own and a few paths of art each.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/build.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/build.rs
index b1e90324ba..243dce52e8 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/build.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/build.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_color::{Color, Paint};
+use vectorcraft_color::{BlendMode, Color, Paint};
+use vectorcraft_doc::appearance::{Effect, FillLayer, StrokeLayer};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{AppearanceItem, ImageBlob, ImageObject, LineCap, LineJoin, Node, NodeKind};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, FillRule, PathData, Point, Rect};
 use vectorcraft_testkit::pdf::{PdfPage, pdf};
@@ -2684,6 +2685,401 @@ fn live_paint_make_and_expand_keep_abutting_compound_colors() {
     check_colors(&node(&s, group));
 }
 
+/// Gives `id` the appearance rows `items` (paint order) and returns them.
+fn set_rows(s: &mut Session, id: NodeId, items: Vec<AppearanceItem>) -> Vec<AppearanceItem> {
+    s.edit("t", |d, _| {
+        d.node_mut(id).unwrap().appearance = vectorcraft_doc::Appearance { items: items.clone(), ..Default::default() }.into();
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    items
+}
+
+/// A fill row of `p`, changed by `f`.
+fn fill_row(p: Paint, f: impl FnOnce(&mut FillLayer)) -> AppearanceItem {
+    let mut l = FillLayer::new(p);
+    f(&mut l);
+    AppearanceItem::Fill(l)
+}
+
+/// A stroke row of `p` `width` wide, changed by `f`.
+fn stroke_row(p: Paint, width: f64, f: impl FnOnce(&mut StrokeLayer)) -> AppearanceItem {
+    let mut l = StrokeLayer::new(p, width);
+    f(&mut l);
+    AppearanceItem::Stroke(l)
+}
+
+/// The faces and edges of Live Paint group `g` whose bounds lie within x `x0`..`x1`.
+fn parts_within(s: &Session, g: NodeId, x0: f64, x1: f64) -> (Vec<Node>, Vec<Node>) {
+    let n = node(s, g);
+    let within = |c: &&Arc<Node>| c.geometric_bounds().is_some_and(|b| b.x0 >= x0 - 1e-6 && b.x1 <= x1 + 1e-6);
+    let faces = vectorcraft_tools::builder::faces(&n).into_iter().filter(within).map(|c| (**c).clone()).collect();
+    let edges = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&n).into_iter().filter(within).map(|c| (**c).clone()).collect();
+    (faces, edges)
+}
+
+/// Make gives each edge every stroke row of its source that draws, a lower one under an
+/// unpainted or hidden top row included, with the rows' settings and the source's opacity and
+/// blending mode; rows that draw nothing stay only with the stored source, which Release returns.
+#[test]
+fn live_paint_make_keeps_lower_drawn_stroke_rows() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let (a, b) = two_at(&mut s, 200.0);
+    let black = Paint::solid(Color::BLACK);
+    let green = Paint::solid(Color::rgb(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
+    let thick = stroke_row(black.clone(), 3.0, |l| {
+        l.opacity = 0.5;
+        l.blend = BlendMode::Multiply;
+        l.cap = LineCap::Round;
+    });
+    // A: the top stroke has no paint.
+    let a_rows =
+        set_rows(&mut s, a, vec![fill_row(Paint::solid(Color::rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), |_| {}), thick.clone(), stroke_row(Paint::None, 1.0, |_| {})]);
+    // B: the top stroke is hidden; a zero-weight and a transparent stroke draw nothing either.
+    set_rows(
+        &mut s,
+        b,
+        vec![
+            stroke_row(green.clone(), 2.0, |_| {}),
+            stroke_row(black.clone(), 0.0, |_| {}),
+            stroke_row(black, 2.0, |l| l.opacity = 0.0),
+            stroke_row(Paint::solid(Color::rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), 5.0, |l| l.visible = false),
+        ],
+    );
+    s.edit("t", |d, _| {
+        let n = d.node_mut(a).unwrap();
+        n.opacity = 0.75;
+        n.blend = BlendMode::Screen;
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a.0, b.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let (_, a_edges) = parts_within(&s, g, 0.0, 100.0);
+    let (_, b_edges) = parts_within(&s, g, 200.0, 300.0);
+    assert!(!a_edges.is_empty() && !b_edges.is_empty());
+    for e in &a_edges {
+        assert_eq!(e.appearance.items, vec![thick.clone()], "A's edge takes the stroke that draws");
+        assert_eq!((e.opacity, e.blend), (0.75, BlendMode::Screen));
+    }
+    for e in &b_edges {
+        assert_eq!(e.appearance.items, vec![stroke_row(green.clone(), 2.0, |_| {})], "B's edge takes only its green stroke");
+        assert_eq!((e.opacity, e.blend), (1.0, BlendMode::Normal));
+    }
+    // Release returns the sources with every row they had.
+    let released = ids(&s.execute("livePaint.release", &json!({})).unwrap());
+    assert!(released.contains(&a));
+    assert_eq!(node(&s, a).appearance.items, a_rows);
+}
+
+/// When Make cuts a dashed stroke with arrowheads, a width profile and a brush into edges, each
+/// edge's dashes go on from where it starts along the path, the arrowheads stay at the path's own
+/// ends, and the profile and brush, which spread over the whole path, are left off the pieces.
+#[test]
+fn live_paint_make_fits_dashes_and_arrowheads_to_each_edge() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{Arrowhead, Dash};
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rect(&mut s, 0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0);
+    let l = line(&mut s, (-20.0, 50.0), (120.0, 50.0));
+    let dash = Dash { pattern: vec![10.0, 5.0], offset: 2.0, align_corners: true };
+    let row = stroke_row(Paint::solid(Color::BLACK), 2.0, |st| {
+        st.dash = Some(dash.clone());
+        st.start_arrow = Some(Arrowhead::Triangle);
+        st.end_arrow = Some(Arrowhead::Circle);
+        st.brush = Some("Charcoal".into());
+    });
+    let rows = set_rows(&mut s, l, vec![row]);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a.0, l.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let gn = node(&s, g);
+    let mut pieces: Vec<(f64, f64, vectorcraft_doc::StrokeLayer)> = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&gn)
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|e| {
+            let st = e.appearance.stroke().filter(|st| st.dash.is_some())?.clone();
+            let sp = e.path_data()?.subpaths.first()?;
+            Some((sp.anchors.first()?.p.x, sp.anchors.last()?.p.x, st))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    pieces.sort_by(|p, q| p.0.total_cmp(&q.0));
+    let ends: Vec<(f64, f64)> = pieces.iter().map(|p| ((p.0 * 1e3).round() / 1e3, (p.1 * 1e3).round() / 1e3)).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ends, vec![(-20.0, 0.0), (0.0, 100.0), (100.0, 120.0)], "each piece runs the way the line does");
+    let offsets: Vec<f64> = pieces.iter().map(|p| (p.2.dash.as_ref().unwrap().offset * 1e3).round() / 1e3).collect();
+    assert_eq!(offsets, vec![2.0, 22.0, 122.0], "the dashes go on along the line");
+    assert!(pieces.iter().all(|p| !p.2.dash.as_ref().unwrap().align_corners && p.2.brush.is_none()));
+    let arrows: Vec<_> = pieces.iter().map(|p| (p.2.start_arrow.clone(), p.2.end_arrow.clone())).collect();
+    assert_eq!(arrows, vec![(Some(Arrowhead::Triangle), None), (None, None), (None, Some(Arrowhead::Circle))]);
+    // A path that crosses itself: the pieces that start at the crossing take their place on the
+    // path from where they run, not from the first time the path passes that point.
+    let mut s3 = session();
+    let anchors = [(0.0, 0.0), (100.0, 100.0), (100.0, 0.0), (0.0, 100.0)].map(|(x, y)| json!({"x": x, "y": y}));
+    let z = NodeId(s3.execute("path.create", &json!({"anchors": anchors, "closed": false})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    set_rows(&mut s3, z, rows.clone());
+    s3.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [z.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g3 = NodeId(s3.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let mut cut: Vec<(f64, Option<Arrowhead>, Option<Arrowhead>)> = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&node(&s3, g3))
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|e| {
+            let st = e.appearance.stroke()?;
+            Some(((st.dash.as_ref()?.offset * 1e3).round() / 1e3, st.start_arrow.clone(), st.end_arrow.clone()))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    cut.sort_by(|p, q| p.0.total_cmp(&q.0));
+    let d = 2.0 + 50.0 * 2f64.sqrt();
+    let r = |v: f64| (v * 1e3).round() / 1e3;
+    assert_eq!(
+        cut,
+        vec![(2.0, Some(Arrowhead::Triangle), None), (r(d), None, None), (r(d + 100.0 + 100.0 * 2f64.sqrt()), None, Some(Arrowhead::Circle))]
+    );
+    // An uncut path keeps all of it.
+    let mut s2 = session();
+    let l2 = line(&mut s2, (0.0, 0.0), (50.0, 0.0));
+    set_rows(&mut s2, l2, rows.clone());
+    s2.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [l2.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g2 = NodeId(s2.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let edges: Vec<_> = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&node(&s2, g2)).iter().map(|e| e.appearance.items.clone()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(edges, vec![rows]);
+}
+
+/// When Gap Options or Merge cuts an edge in two, each piece keeps the edge's dashes going on from
+/// where it starts along the edge, an arrowhead only at the end of the edge it ends at, and no brush.
+#[test]
+fn live_paint_gap_options_and_merge_fit_an_edge_look_to_each_piece() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{Arrowhead, Dash};
+    let mut s = session();
+    let l = line(&mut s, (0.0, 50.0), (100.0, 50.0));
+    let stub = line(&mut s, (50.0, 0.0), (50.0, 48.0));
+    let row = stroke_row(Paint::solid(Color::BLACK), 2.0, |st| {
+        st.dash = Some(Dash { pattern: vec![10.0, 5.0], offset: 2.0, align_corners: false });
+        st.start_arrow = Some(Arrowhead::Triangle);
+        st.end_arrow = Some(Arrowhead::Circle);
+        st.brush = Some("Charcoal".into());
+    });
+    let rows = set_rows(&mut s, l, vec![row]);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [l.0, stub.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let dashed = |s: &Session, g: NodeId| {
+        let mut out: Vec<(f64, f64, vectorcraft_doc::StrokeLayer)> = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&node(s, g))
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|e| {
+                let st = e.appearance.stroke().filter(|st| st.dash.is_some())?.clone();
+                let sp = e.path_data()?.subpaths.first()?;
+                Some(((sp.anchors.first()?.p.x * 1e3).round() / 1e3, (sp.anchors.last()?.p.x * 1e3).round() / 1e3, st))
+            })
+            .collect();
+        out.sort_by(|p, q| p.0.total_cmp(&q.0));
+        out
+    };
+    let before = dashed(&s, g);
+    assert_eq!(before.len(), 1, "nothing cuts the line yet");
+    assert_eq!(vec![AppearanceItem::Stroke(before[0].2.clone())], rows);
+    let r = s.execute("livePaint.gapOptions", &json!({"id": g.0, "closeGaps": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["closed"], json!(1));
+    let pieces = dashed(&s, g);
+    let ends: Vec<(f64, f64)> = pieces.iter().map(|p| (p.0, p.1)).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ends, vec![(0.0, 50.0), (50.0, 100.0)], "the line is cut where the gap closes");
+    let offsets: Vec<f64> = pieces.iter().map(|p| (p.2.dash.as_ref().unwrap().offset * 1e3).round() / 1e3).collect();
+    assert_eq!(offsets, vec![2.0, 52.0], "the dashes go on along the line");
+    let arrows: Vec<_> = pieces.iter().map(|p| (p.2.start_arrow.clone(), p.2.end_arrow.clone())).collect();
+    assert_eq!(arrows, vec![(Some(Arrowhead::Triangle), None), (None, Some(Arrowhead::Circle))]);
+    assert!(pieces.iter().all(|p| p.2.brush.is_none()), "a brush spreads over the whole line");
+    // Merge: the piece of the edge that an added path cuts off, which takes the edge's look, gets
+    // it fitted to where it lies along the edge in the same way.
+    let mut s = session();
+    let l = line(&mut s, (0.0, 50.0), (100.0, 50.0));
+    set_rows(&mut s, l, rows.clone());
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [l.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let cut = line(&mut s, (25.0, 0.0), (25.0, 100.0));
+    s.execute("livePaint.merge", &json!({"ids": [g.0, cut.0]})).unwrap();
+    let pieces = dashed(&s, g);
+    let ends: Vec<(f64, f64)> = pieces.iter().map(|p| (p.0, p.1)).collect();
+    assert_eq!(ends, vec![(0.0, 25.0), (25.0, 100.0)], "the added line cuts the edge");
+    let offsets: Vec<f64> = pieces.iter().map(|p| (p.2.dash.as_ref().unwrap().offset * 1e3).round() / 1e3).collect();
+    assert_eq!(offsets, vec![2.0, 27.0], "the dashes go on along the line");
+    let arrows: Vec<_> = pieces.iter().map(|p| (p.2.start_arrow.clone(), p.2.end_arrow.clone())).collect();
+    assert_eq!(arrows, vec![(Some(Arrowhead::Triangle), None), (None, Some(Arrowhead::Circle))]);
+    assert!(pieces.iter().all(|p| p.2.brush.is_none()), "a brush spreads over the whole line");
+    // A repainted edge that Merge cuts keeps its paint on every piece.
+    let mut s = session();
+    let l = line(&mut s, (0.0, 50.0), (100.0, 50.0));
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [l.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    s.execute("livePaint.strokeEdge", &json!({"group": g.0, "point": [50, 50], "color": "#ff0000", "width": 3})).unwrap();
+    let cut = line(&mut s, (50.0, 0.0), (50.0, 100.0));
+    s.execute("livePaint.merge", &json!({"ids": [g.0, cut.0]})).unwrap();
+    let gn = node(&s, g);
+    let red = Paint::solid(Color::from_hex("#ff0000").unwrap());
+    let mut on_line: Vec<(f64, bool)> = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&gn)
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|e| {
+            let sp = e.path_data()?.subpaths.first()?;
+            let (a, z) = (sp.anchors.first()?.p, sp.anchors.last()?.p);
+            ((a.y - 50.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (z.y - 50.0).abs() < 1e-6)
+                .then(|| ((a.x.min(z.x) * 1e3).round() / 1e3, e.appearance.stroke().is_some_and(|st| st.paint == red)))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    on_line.sort_by(|p, q| p.0.total_cmp(&q.0));
+    assert_eq!(on_line, vec![(0.0, true), (50.0, true)], "both pieces keep the edge's paint");
+}
+
+/// The edge Make builds from a closed path that nothing cuts starts at the anchor the path starts
+/// at and runs the way the path does, whichever anchor that is, so its dashes and brush lie where
+/// they do on the path, and it keeps the path's stroke row as it is.
+#[test]
+fn live_paint_make_starts_a_closed_edge_where_its_path_starts() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::Dash;
+    let corners = [(50.0, 0.0), (100.0, 50.0), (50.0, 100.0), (0.0, 50.0)];
+    for clockwise in [true, false] {
+        for start in 0..4 {
+            let mut s = session();
+            let mut pts: Vec<(f64, f64)> = (0..4).map(|k| corners[(k + start) % 4]).collect();
+            if !clockwise {
+                pts.reverse();
+            }
+            let anchors: Vec<_> = pts.iter().map(|(x, y)| json!({"x": x, "y": y})).collect();
+            let z = NodeId(s.execute("path.create", &json!({"anchors": anchors, "closed": true})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+            let row = stroke_row(Paint::solid(Color::BLACK), 2.0, |st| {
+                st.dash = Some(Dash { pattern: vec![10.0, 5.0], offset: 2.0, align_corners: false });
+                st.brush = Some("Charcoal".into());
+            });
+            let rows = set_rows(&mut s, z, vec![row]);
+            s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [z.0]})).unwrap();
+            let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+            let gn = node(&s, g);
+            let edges = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&gn);
+            let [e] = edges.as_slice() else { panic!("one edge, got {}", edges.len()) };
+            let sp = e.path_data().unwrap().subpaths.first().unwrap().clone();
+            let at: Vec<(f64, f64)> = sp.anchors.iter().map(|a| ((a.p.x * 1e3).round() / 1e3, (a.p.y * 1e3).round() / 1e3)).collect();
+            assert!(sp.closed);
+            assert_eq!(at, pts, "clockwise {clockwise}, start {start}");
+            assert_eq!(e.appearance.items, rows, "clockwise {clockwise}, start {start}");
+        }
+    }
+    // A closed path that crosses itself is cut into loops, and the loop that holds the path's
+    // first anchor is still only part of the path: it keeps no brush.
+    let mut s = session();
+    let anchors = [(0.0, 0.0), (100.0, 100.0), (100.0, 0.0), (0.0, 100.0)].map(|(x, y)| json!({"x": x, "y": y}));
+    let z = NodeId(s.execute("path.create", &json!({"anchors": anchors, "closed": true})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let row = stroke_row(Paint::solid(Color::BLACK), 2.0, |st| {
+        st.dash = Some(Dash { pattern: vec![10.0, 5.0], offset: 2.0, align_corners: false });
+        st.brush = Some("Charcoal".into());
+    });
+    set_rows(&mut s, z, vec![row]);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [z.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let gn = node(&s, g);
+    let edges = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&gn);
+    assert!(edges.len() > 1, "the crossing cuts the path, got {} edge", edges.len());
+    assert!(edges.iter().all(|e| e.appearance.stroke().is_some_and(|st| st.brush.is_none())), "no loop is the whole path");
+}
+
+/// When Make cuts a stroke whose only setting that depends on direction is a gradient along or
+/// across it, each edge runs the way its source path does, so the gradient keeps its direction.
+#[test]
+fn live_paint_make_keeps_the_direction_of_gradient_strokes() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::StrokeGradientMode;
+    for mode in [StrokeGradientMode::Along, StrokeGradientMode::Across] {
+        for (x0, x1) in [(-20.0, 120.0), (120.0, -20.0)] {
+            let mut s = session();
+            let a = rect(&mut s, 0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0);
+            let l = line(&mut s, (x0, 50.0), (x1, 50.0));
+            let gradient = Paint::Gradient(Box::new(vectorcraft_color::GradientPaint::new(vectorcraft_color::Gradient::default())));
+            set_rows(&mut s, l, vec![stroke_row(gradient, 2.0, |st| st.gradient_mode = mode)]);
+            s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a.0, l.0]})).unwrap();
+            let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+            let pieces: Vec<(f64, f64)> = vectorcraft_tools::builder::edges(&node(&s, g))
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|e| {
+                    e.appearance.stroke().filter(|st| st.gradient_mode == mode)?;
+                    let sp = e.path_data()?.subpaths.first()?;
+                    Some((sp.anchors.first()?.p.x, sp.anchors.last()?.p.x))
+                })
+                .collect();
+            assert_eq!(pieces.len(), 3, "{mode:?}, from {x0}");
+            assert!(
+                pieces.iter().all(|&(p, q)| (q - p).signum() == (x1 - x0).signum()),
+                "{mode:?}, from {x0}: each piece runs the way the line does: {pieces:?}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Make gives each face every fill row of its source that draws, in order and with their
+/// opacity, blending mode, overprint and effects, and the source's gradients keep their fit on
+/// the source; Expand keeps the rows, and Undo and Redo bring the group back with them.
+#[test]
+fn live_paint_make_keeps_all_drawn_fill_rows_and_attributes() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let (a, b) = two(&mut s);
+    let lower = fill_row(Paint::solid(Color::rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), |l| {
+        l.opacity = 0.4;
+        l.blend = BlendMode::Multiply;
+        l.overprint = true;
+        l.effects.push(Effect { id: "distort.roughen".into(), params: Value::Null, visible: true });
+    });
+    // A: two fills that draw, with a hidden one between them and an unpainted one above them.
+    set_rows(
+        &mut s,
+        a,
+        vec![
+            lower.clone(),
+            fill_row(Paint::solid(Color::rgb(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)), |l| l.visible = false),
+            fill_row(Paint::None, |_| {}),
+            stroke_row(Paint::None, 1.0, |_| {}),
+        ],
+    );
+    // The top fill (and the stroke) become a gradient fitted to A's bounds.
+    let (want_fill, _) = paint_with_gradients(&mut s, a);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a.0, b.0]})).unwrap();
+    let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let want = vec![lower, fill_row(want_fill, |_| {})];
+    let rows_within = |s: &Session, x0: f64, x1: f64| parts_within(s, g, x0, x1).0.iter().map(|f| f.appearance.items.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(rows_within(&s, 0.0, 50.0), vec![want.clone()], "A's face takes both fills that draw, the gradient at its fit on A");
+    let blue = vec![fill_row(Paint::solid(Color::rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), |_| {})];
+    assert_eq!(rows_within(&s, 50.0, 100.0), vec![blue], "B is in front");
+    s.execute("livePaint.expand", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let expanded = node(&s, g);
+    assert!(!vectorcraft_tools::builder::is_live_paint(&expanded));
+    let kept =
+        expanded.children().unwrap().iter().filter(|c| c.geometric_bounds().is_some_and(|b| b.x1 <= 50.0 + 1e-6)).any(|c| c.appearance.items == want);
+    assert!(kept, "Expand keeps both fills");
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows_within(&s, 0.0, 50.0), vec![want.clone()]);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows_within(&s, 0.0, 50.0), vec![want]);
+}
+
+/// A face takes the fill rows of the front-most covering source whose fill draws: a source in
+/// front whose fill is hidden or transparent, or whose opacity is 0, does not hide the paint of the
+/// source behind it, and a face that no such source covers has no paint.
+#[test]
+fn live_paint_make_uses_frontmost_source_with_drawn_fill() {
+    for front in ["hidden", "clear", "transparent object"] {
+        let mut s = session();
+        let (a, b) = two(&mut s);
+        s.edit("t", |d, _| {
+            let n = d.node_mut(b).unwrap();
+            let mut app = (*n.appearance).clone();
+            match front {
+                "hidden" => app.fill_mut().unwrap().visible = false,
+                "clear" => app.fill_mut().unwrap().opacity = 0.0,
+                _ => n.opacity = 0.0,
+            }
+            n.appearance = app.into();
+            Ok(())
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+        s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a.0, b.0]})).unwrap();
+        let g = NodeId(s.execute("livePaint.make", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+        let rows_within = |x0: f64, x1: f64| parts_within(&s, g, x0, x1).0.iter().map(|f| f.appearance.items.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let red = vec![fill_row(Paint::solid(Color::rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), |_| {})];
+        assert_eq!(rows_within(50.0, 100.0), vec![red], "{front}: the overlap shows A");
+        assert_eq!(rows_within(100.0, 150.0), vec![vec![fill_row(Paint::None, |_| {})]], "{front}: B alone paints nothing");
+        assert_eq!(parts_within(&s, g, 100.0, 150.0).0[0].opacity, 1.0, "{front}");
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn live_paint_fill_assigns_the_face_under_the_point() {
     let mut s = session();
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/gradient.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/gradient.rs
index b8c8bcd325..9f404b050d 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/gradient.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/gradient.rs
@@ -219,9 +219,10 @@ fn rotate_reflect_and_scale_carry_unplaced_gradients() {
     s.execute("object.rotate", &json!({"angle": 90})).unwrap();
     let g = fill_geom(&s, id);
     assert!((g.end.x - g.start.x).abs() < 1e-9 && (g.length() - 100.0).abs() < 1e-9, "vertical after a 90° turn: {g:?}");
-    s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "horizontal"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.reflect", &json!({"axis": "horizontal", "basis": "page"})).unwrap();
     let r = fill_geom(&s, id);
-    // The vertical vector is centred on the object, so the reflection swaps its ends.
+    // The vertical vector is centred on the object, so the reflection across the page's
+    // horizontal axis swaps its ends.
     assert!(r.start.distance(g.end) < 1e-9 && r.end.distance(g.start) < 1e-9, "{g:?} → {r:?}");
 
     // A circle's radial gradient becomes an ellipse under a non-uniform scale.
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/journal.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/journal.rs
index 700c17883d..93c2390237 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/journal.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/journal.rs
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ fn a_batch_step_records_what_it_took_from_the_preferences() {
     ]);
     s.execute("command.batch", &json!({ "commands": steps })).unwrap();
     let p = &s.journal.last().unwrap().1;
-    assert_eq!(p["commands"][2]["params"], json!({"sx": 300, "strokes": true, "corners": false}));
+    assert_eq!(p["commands"][2]["params"], json!({"sx": 300, "strokes": true, "corners": false, "basis": "box"}));
     // Replayed with other preferences, the scale still scales the stroke.
     let r = replayed(&s);
     assert!(!r.prefs.scale_strokes);
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/pathtype.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/pathtype.rs
index 8aa8c05684..5ceba16c10 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/pathtype.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/pathtype.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,32 @@ fn options_keep_the_brackets() {
     }
 }
 
+/// `start` below 0 starts type on an open path before the path's start, one undo step; on a closed
+/// path it is the path's start, and a start that is not a number is an error.
+#[test]
+fn options_start_type_before_an_open_path() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = on_line(&mut s);
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    let r = s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"start": -0.25})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(brackets(&s, id), (-0.25, None));
+    assert!(near(r["start"].as_f64().unwrap(), -0.25), "{r}");
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 1);
+    // The same start again records nothing.
+    s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"start": -0.25})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 1);
+    // 100 pt before a 400 pt line: the 12 pt word is drawn nowhere.
+    let laid = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &text(&s, id));
+    assert!(!laid.glyphs.is_empty() && laid.glyphs.iter().all(|g| g.outline.elements().is_empty()));
+    assert!(s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"start": "-0.5"})).is_err());
+    // A flip keeps the stretch from the path's start: the type then starts at the start bracket.
+    s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"flip": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(brackets(&s, id), (0.0, None));
+    let ring = path_type(&mut s, "M100 100 L300 100 L300 300 L100 300 Z", [200.0, 90.0], "Ring");
+    s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"ids": [ring.0], "start": -0.25})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(brackets(&s, ring).0, 0.0);
+}
+
 /// Type on a Path Options given the values the type has (OK in the dialog with nothing changed, the
 /// effect it has from the Type on a Path menu, the end bracket at the end of the path, or the
 /// query's own reply) records no undo step: the step to redo stays and the document stays
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/plugins.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/plugins.rs
index a294cc9036..1572004d11 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/plugins.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/plugins.rs
@@ -1700,6 +1700,7 @@ fn filters_set_effects_and_stroke_styles() {
         ("test.engine.badn", json!([{"id": "plugin.test.engine.fx", "params": {"n": "two"}}]), "`n`"),
         ("test.engine.file", json!([{"id": "distort.glass", "params": {"textureImage": {"path": "/etc/hosts"}}}]), "textureImage"),
         ("test.engine.file2", json!([{"id": "texture.texturizer", "params": {"textureImage": {"path": "/etc/hosts"}}}]), "textureImage"),
+        ("test.engine.file3", json!([{"id": "artistic.roughPastels", "params": {"textureImage": {"path": "/etc/hosts"}}}]), "textureImage"),
         ("test.engine.two3d", json!([{"id": "threeD.extrude"}, {"id": "threeD.extrude"}]), "one 3D effect"),
     ] {
         let e = filter(&mut s, name, fx).unwrap_err().to_string();
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/rasterfilters.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/rasterfilters.rs
index 521ba0adbf..d1075c1207 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/rasterfilters.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/rasterfilters.rs
@@ -323,8 +323,7 @@ fn glass_loads_a_texture_saves_it_and_draws_it() {
     assert_eq!(doc.node(NodeId(g)).unwrap().appearance.effects[0].params, glass_params(&s, g));
     assert_eq!(Renderer::new().render_region(&doc, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 200.0), 1.0, true).pixels, loaded.pixels);
     // The same file by path, through Effect Options, stores the same texture.
-    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("vc-glass-texture-{}", std::process::id()));
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    let dir = vectorcraft_testkit::TempDir::new("glass-texture");
     let path = dir.join("rings.png");
     std::fs::write(&path, &png).unwrap();
     let (mut t, h) = striped();
@@ -334,7 +333,7 @@ fn glass_loads_a_texture_saves_it_and_draws_it() {
     assert_eq!(glass_params(&t, h)["textureImage"], json!(stored));
     assert_eq!(glass_params(&t, h)["texture"], json!("loaded"));
     assert_eq!(render(&t).pixels, loaded.pixels);
-    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    drop(dir);
     // The stored string is taken as it is (as effect.list gives it, and a graphic style copies it).
     t.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "distort.glass", "ids": [h], "params": {"textureImage": stored, "texture": "frosted"}})).unwrap();
     let second = t.doc().unwrap().doc.node(NodeId(h)).unwrap().appearance.effects[1].params.clone();
@@ -391,6 +390,53 @@ fn texturizer_loads_a_texture_and_draws_it() {
     assert_eq!(Renderer::new().render_region(&doc, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 200.0), 1.0, true).pixels, loaded.pixels);
 }
 
+/// Effect › Artistic › Rough Pastels › Load Texture: an image file, given as bytes or by path, is
+/// stored with the effect and picked; it draws as the surface, a save and open keeps it, a file
+/// that isn't an image is refused without a change, and undo takes it away.
+#[test]
+fn rough_pastels_loads_a_texture_saves_it_and_draws_it() {
+    let png = rings_png();
+    let data = vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&png);
+    let (mut s, g) = striped();
+    let file = json!({"name": "rings.png", "dataBase64": data});
+    s.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "artistic.roughPastels", "ids": [g], "params": {"relief": 20, "textureImage": file}})).unwrap();
+    let p = glass_params(&s, g);
+    assert_eq!(p["texture"], json!("loaded"), "loading a texture picks it");
+    let stored = p["textureImage"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+    assert_eq!(vectorcraft_render::effects::pixel::texture(&stored).unwrap().size(), (12, 10));
+    let loaded = render(&s);
+    for (_, builtin) in vectorcraft_render::effects::pixel::TEXTURES {
+        s.execute("effect.setParams", &json!({"index": 0, "ids": [g], "params": {"texture": builtin}})).unwrap();
+        assert!(mean_diff(&loaded, &render(&s)) > 0.001, "{builtin}");
+    }
+    s.execute("effect.setParams", &json!({"index": 0, "ids": [g], "params": {"texture": "loaded"}})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(render(&s).pixels, loaded.pixels, "the texture stayed with the effect");
+    let doc = vectorcraft_format::load(&vectorcraft_format::save(&s.doc().unwrap().doc, false)).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(doc.node(NodeId(g)).unwrap().appearance.effects[0].params, glass_params(&s, g));
+    assert_eq!(Renderer::new().render_region(&doc, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 200.0), 1.0, true).pixels, loaded.pixels);
+    // A file that isn't an image changes nothing.
+    let junk = vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(b"not an image");
+    let before = glass_params(&s, g);
+    let e = s.execute("effect.setParams", &json!({"index": 0, "ids": [g], "params": {"textureImage": {"dataBase64": junk}}})).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(e.to_string().contains("textureImage"), "{e}");
+    let e = s.execute("effect.setParams", &json!({"index": 0, "ids": [g], "params": {"textureImage": 5}})).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(e.to_string().contains("textureImage"), "{e}");
+    assert_eq!(glass_params(&s, g), before);
+    // The same file by path, through Effect Options, stores the same texture; undo takes it away.
+    let dir = vectorcraft_testkit::TempDir::new("rough-pastels-texture");
+    let path = dir.join("rings.png");
+    std::fs::write(&path, &png).unwrap();
+    let (mut t, h) = striped();
+    t.execute("effect.apply", &json!({"effect": "artistic.roughPastels", "ids": [h], "params": {"relief": 20}})).unwrap();
+    assert!(glass_params(&t, h).get("textureImage").is_none());
+    t.execute("effect.setParams", &json!({"index": 0, "ids": [h], "params": {"textureImage": {"path": path.to_string_lossy()}}})).unwrap();
+    drop(dir);
+    assert_eq!((&glass_params(&t, h)["textureImage"], &glass_params(&t, h)["texture"]), (&json!(stored), &json!("loaded")));
+    assert_eq!(render(&t).pixels, loaded.pixels);
+    t.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(glass_params(&t, h).get("textureImage").is_none(), "undone");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn spin_blur_reaches_past_the_corners() {
     let (mut s, g) = striped();
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/scalestrokes.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/scalestrokes.rs
index d03a9ebf8c..4d8349b6a4 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/scalestrokes.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/scalestrokes.rs
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ fn the_journal_records_the_scale_options_used() {
     run(&mut s, "object.scale", json!({"sx": 150}));
     let (cmd, p) = s.journal.last().unwrap().clone();
     assert_eq!(cmd, "object.scale");
-    assert_eq!(p, json!({"sx": 150, "strokes": false, "corners": true}));
+    assert_eq!(p, json!({"sx": 150, "strokes": false, "corners": true, "basis": "box"}));
     // An explicit value stays; moves don't scale, so they record nothing.
     run(&mut s, "object.scale", json!({"sx": 150, "strokes": true}));
     assert_eq!(s.journal.last().unwrap().1["strokes"], json!(true));
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/tests/textedit.rs b/crates/engine/src/tests/textedit.rs
index 9dc35ff99b..62587f4824 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/tests/textedit.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/tests/textedit.rs
@@ -724,6 +724,44 @@ fn touch_type_moves_one_character_and_leaves_the_others_where_they_are() {
     assert!(s.execute("text.touchType", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": (1u64 << 32) + 1, "dy": 1})).is_err(), "no character there");
 }
 
+/// Touch Type does not change a character of type on an open path that is not drawn because it
+/// falls before the path's start; a drawn character of the same type still changes.
+#[test]
+fn touch_type_refuses_a_character_before_an_open_paths_start() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let pid = s.execute("path.create", &json!({"d": "M100 300 L500 300"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("text.createInPath", &json!({"path": pid, "mode": "onPath", "text": "Hidden", "size": 12, "at": [100, 300]})).unwrap();
+    let id = NodeId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"start": -0.02})).unwrap();
+    let steps = undo_labels(&s).len();
+    assert!(s.execute("text.touchType", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": 0, "dy": 2})).is_err(), "the H is not drawn");
+    assert_eq!(undo_labels(&s).len(), steps);
+    s.execute("text.touchType", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": 5, "dy": 2})).unwrap();
+    // An All Caps ß is two glyphs: with the first before the path's start and the second drawn, it
+    // still changes.
+    let pid = s.execute("path.create", &json!({"d": "M100 400 L500 400"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("text.createInPath", &json!({"path": pid, "mode": "onPath", "text": "ße", "size": 40, "at": [100, 400]})).unwrap();
+    let id = NodeId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": 0, "end": 4, "allCaps": true})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+    let adv = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &obj(&s, id)).glyphs[0].advance;
+    s.execute("type.pathOptions", &json!({"start": -1.2 * adv / 400.0})).unwrap();
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &obj(&s, id));
+    assert!(lay.glyphs[0].byte == 0 && lay.glyphs[1].byte == 0 && lay.glyphs[0].off_path && !lay.glyphs[1].off_path);
+    let drawn = |s: &Session| {
+        let t = obj(s, id);
+        let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t);
+        let g = lay.glyphs.iter().rfind(|g| g.byte == 0 && !g.off_path).unwrap();
+        t.xf * (g.xf * Point::ZERO)
+    };
+    let before = drawn(&s);
+    s.execute("text.touchType", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": 0, "dy": 2})).unwrap();
+    // The drawn glyph rises 2 points.
+    let after = drawn(&s);
+    assert!((after.x - before.x).abs() < 1e-6 && (after.y - (before.y - 2.0)).abs() < 1e-6, "{before:?} -> {after:?}");
+}
+
 /// Touch Type on the first character of a list item moves that character and leaves the bullet
 /// where it is. The bullet stands for no character, so the first character still moves only up
 /// and down.
diff --git a/crates/engine/tests/import_fuzz.rs b/crates/engine/tests/import_fuzz.rs
index c2235eca77..0ade04c72a 100644
--- a/crates/engine/tests/import_fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/tests/import_fuzz.rs
@@ -1854,6 +1854,80 @@ proptest! {
     }
 }
 
+/// A 4 × 2 pixel RGB PSD file whose clipping path resource (2999) names its saved path "P"
+/// (resource 2000): a closed subpath of a linked and two unlinked knots, an open subpath, and the
+/// initial fill record saying the fill starts with all pixels.
+fn clipped_psd() -> Vec<u8> {
+    let record = |selector: u16, body: &[i32]| {
+        let mut r = selector.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
+        r.extend(body.iter().flat_map(|v| v.to_be_bytes()));
+        r.resize(26, 0);
+        r
+    };
+    let one = 1 << 24;
+    let mut path = record(6, &[]);
+    path.extend(record(8, &[1 << 16]));
+    path.extend(record(0, &[3 << 16]));
+    path.extend(record(1, &[0, 0, 0, one / 2, 0, one]));
+    path.extend(record(2, &[one, one, one, one, one, one]));
+    path.extend(record(2, &[one, 0, one, 0, one, 0]));
+    path.extend(record(3, &[2 << 16]));
+    path.extend(record(5, &[-one, -one, 0, 0, 2 * one, 2 * one]));
+    path.extend(record(4, &[one / 4, one / 4, one / 4, one / 4, one / 4, one / 4]));
+    let mut res = b"8BIM\x07\xd0\x01P".to_vec();
+    res.extend((path.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
+    res.extend(path);
+    res.extend(b"8BIM\x0b\xb7\0\0");
+    res.extend(8u32.to_be_bytes());
+    res.extend([1, b'P', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+    let mut f = b"8BPS\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x03\0\0\0\x02\0\0\0\x04\0\x08\0\x03".to_vec();
+    f.extend([0; 4]);
+    f.extend((res.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
+    f.extend(res);
+    f.extend([0; 4]);
+    f.extend([0, 0]);
+    f.extend((0..24u8).map(|v| v * 10));
+    f
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn the_clipped_psd_sample_places_in_a_clip_group() {
+    let path = vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::psdread::clipping_path(&clipped_psd()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(path.subpaths.iter().map(|s| (s.anchors.len(), s.closed)).collect::<Vec<_>>(), [(4, true), (3, true), (2, false)]);
+    let mut s = vectorcraft_engine::Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 100, "height": 100})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("file.place", &json!({"name": "c.psd", "dataBase64": vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&clipped_psd())})).unwrap();
+    assert!(r["image"].is_u64(), "{r}");
+}
+
+proptest! {
+    #![proptest_config(config())]
+
+    /// Mutated copies of a PSD file with a clipping path (its resources: the path records, their
+    /// selectors, counts and points, and the names) never crash reading the path, placing the file
+    /// or opening its merged image.
+    #[test]
+    fn mutated_psd_clipping_paths_never_panic(cut in 0usize..1000, edits in prop::collection::vec((0usize..300, any::<u8>()), 0..12)) {
+        let mut bytes = clipped_psd();
+        let len = bytes.len();
+        for (at, b) in edits {
+            if let Some(x) = bytes.get_mut(at % len) {
+                *x = b;
+            }
+        }
+        bytes.truncate((cut % (len + 1)).max(8));
+        let r = catch_quiet(|| {
+            let _ = vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::psdread::clipping_path(&bytes);
+            let mut s = vectorcraft_engine::Session::new();
+            s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 100, "height": 100})).unwrap();
+            let p = json!({"name": "c.psd", "dataBase64": vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&bytes), "thumbnail": 8});
+            let _ = no_panic(s.execute("file.place", &p));
+            let _ = no_panic(s.execute("document.open", &json!({"name": "c.psd", "dataBase64": vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&bytes), "layers": false})));
+        });
+        prop_assert!(r.is_ok(), "panicked: {:?}", r.err());
+    }
+}
+
 /// 1-bit TIFFs compressed with CCITT Group 3: modified Huffman (Compression 2) in three strips, T.4
 /// (Compression 3) with two-dimensional rows, fill bits, six EOLs at the end and each byte's lowest
 /// bit first, and T.4 two-dimensional rows in 16 × 16 tiles.
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/ai_editing.rs b/crates/eps/src/ai_editing.rs
index 3df902b97f..609e0aedee 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/ai_editing.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/ai_editing.rs
@@ -143,6 +143,10 @@
 //!   A path or compound path with a brush the reader reads live is written with an art style whose
 //!   stroke is the brush's filter (`writer::brushes`). A brush is written only when the reader reads
 //!   it back with its settings.
+//! - Graphs, as the reader reads them (`read/graph.rs`): a graph on the layers whose records the
+//!   reader reads back as the same graph ([`crate::ai_graph`]) is written as its group between
+//!   `%_Gs`, its functional records and `%_GS`, each series' group tagged `Go` right after its end;
+//!   any other graph, and a graph with art left out, as its art, with a warning.
 //!
 //! Lines end in CR LF. Strings are written in UTF-8. Art space is ruler space: y up, its origin at
 //! the first artboard's top-left corner. On the canvas ([`CANVAS_SIZE`] points square, y down) the
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/tests.rs b/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/tests.rs
index a01f631638..7f2ca0e3cb 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/tests.rs
@@ -5128,6 +5128,16 @@ fn a_first_baseline_minimum_and_a_path_end_the_reader_cant_read_are_reported() {
     };
     assert_eq!(with(on_path(Some(0.999))).0, [writer::TYPE_ATTRIBUTES]);
     assert!(with(on_path(None)).0.is_empty());
+    // Type that starts before its open path comes back starting at the path's start.
+    let mut before = on_path(None);
+    if let TextKind::OnPath { start, .. } = &mut before.kind {
+        *start = -0.25;
+    }
+    let (warnings, back) = with(before);
+    assert_eq!(warnings, [writer::TYPE_ATTRIBUTES]);
+    let NodeKind::Text(t) = &back.layers[0].children().unwrap()[0].kind else { panic!("type") };
+    let TextKind::OnPath { start, .. } = t.kind else { panic!("type on a path") };
+    assert!(start.abs() < 1e-3, "{start}");
     let (warnings, back) = with(on_path(Some(0.5)));
     assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "{warnings:?}");
     let NodeKind::Text(t) = &back.layers[0].children().unwrap()[0].kind else { panic!("type") };
@@ -10907,3 +10917,73 @@ fn a_clipping_path_written_as_its_paint_keeps_one_text_wrap() {
         same_wraps(&wraps(read_back(&doc).layers[0].children().unwrap()), &[(None, 5.0, true)]);
     }
 }
+
+/// A graph whose records read back whole is written with them, each series' group tagged before
+/// its name, and opens again as the same live graph, also from a PDF-compatible file's first page.
+#[test]
+fn graphs_are_written_with_their_records_and_open_live() {
+    use crate::ai_graph::sample;
+    for (what, doc) in sample::kept() {
+        let out = export_ai_editing(&doc, &opts()).unwrap();
+        assert!(!out.warnings.iter().any(|w| w == writer::GRAPHS), "{what}: {:?}", out.warnings);
+        let text = program(&doc);
+        assert_eq!((text.matches("%_Gs\n").count(), text.matches("%_GS\n").count()), (1, 1), "{what}: {text}");
+        assert!(text.contains("U\n%_2 ") && text.contains(" 0 0 Go\n%_/ArtDictionary :\n"), "{what}: the tag comes before the series' name: {text}");
+        let written = sample::graphs(&doc);
+        let graphs = sample::graphs(&read_back(&doc));
+        assert_eq!(graphs.len(), 1, "{what}");
+        assert!(sample::same(&written[0].0, &graphs[0].0), "{what}: {:#?}\n{:#?}", written[0].0, graphs[0].0);
+        assert_eq!(graphs[0].1, written[0].1, "{what}: the members and their series");
+    }
+    let doc = sample::document(sample::spec(vectorcraft_doc::GraphKind::Column));
+    let (p, _) = private_data(&doc, &opts()).unwrap();
+    let pdf =
+        vectorcraft_pdf::export(&doc, &vectorcraft_pdf::PdfOptions { private_data: Some(p), ..vectorcraft_pdf::PdfOptions::uncompressed() }).unwrap();
+    let (read, _) = crate::ai_alone(&vectorcraft_pdf::illustrator_data(&pdf, None).unwrap()).unwrap();
+    let graphs = sample::graphs(&read);
+    assert_eq!(graphs.len(), 1);
+    assert!(sample::same(&sample::graphs(&doc)[0].0, &graphs[0].0));
+}
+
+/// A graph whose records wouldn't read back as it is is written as its art, without records, with
+/// the warning.
+#[test]
+fn graphs_the_records_cant_keep_are_written_as_their_art() {
+    use crate::ai_graph::sample;
+    for (what, doc) in sample::unkept() {
+        let out = export_ai_editing(&doc, &opts()).unwrap();
+        assert!(out.warnings.iter().any(|w| w == writer::GRAPHS), "{what}: {:?}", out.warnings);
+        let text = program(&doc);
+        assert!(!text.contains("%_Gs") && !text.contains(" Go\n") && !text.contains("%_GS"), "{what}: {text}");
+        let read = read_back(&doc);
+        assert!(sample::graphs(&read).is_empty(), "{what}");
+        let paths = |d: &Document| {
+            let mut count = 0;
+            d.walk(|n| count += usize::from(matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Path { .. })));
+            count
+        };
+        assert_eq!(paths(&read), paths(&doc), "{what}: the graph's art is kept");
+    }
+}
+
+/// A graph with art left out for the object limit is written as the art there is room for, without
+/// records or tags, with the warning; with room for all of it, it is written with its records.
+#[test]
+fn a_graph_with_art_left_out_is_written_without_records() {
+    use crate::ai_graph::sample;
+    let doc = sample::document(sample::spec(vectorcraft_doc::GraphKind::Column));
+    let all = export_ai_editing(&doc, &opts()).unwrap();
+    let read = crate::import::objects_read(&all.program).unwrap();
+    let room = export_within(&doc, &opts(), read).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(room.program, all.program);
+    for max in [0, 1, read / 2, read - 1] {
+        let out = export_within(&doc, &opts(), max).unwrap();
+        let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.program).replace("\r\n", "\n");
+        assert!(
+            out.warnings.iter().any(|w| w == writer::OBJECT_LIMIT) && out.warnings.iter().any(|w| w == writer::GRAPHS),
+            "{max}: {:?}",
+            out.warnings
+        );
+        assert!(!text.contains("%_Gs") && !text.contains(" Go\n") && !text.contains("%_GS"), "{max}: {text}");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/writer.rs b/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/writer.rs
index 98b027f79d..15bd97d3b5 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/writer.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/writer.rs
@@ -295,6 +295,13 @@ pub(super) struct Writer<'a> {
     shown: Vec<vectorcraft_geom::BezPath>,
     /// The copy of an image that the last [`Self::image`] wrote as a window, when it did.
     windowed: Option<images::Windowed>,
+    /// Writing a graph's art with its records ([`Self::graph_records`]): a graph inside it is written
+    /// as its art.
+    in_graph: bool,
+    /// The `Go` line the next object, a graph's series group, is followed by.
+    series_tag: Option<String>,
+    /// Where the `Go` lines of the graph being written start in [`Self::body`].
+    graph_tags: Vec<usize>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
@@ -367,6 +374,9 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
             whole_images: HashMap::new(),
             shown: vec![],
             windowed: None,
+            in_graph: false,
+            series_tag: None,
+            graph_tags: vec![],
         }
     }
 
@@ -642,6 +652,7 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
 
     /// One object: its state before it, its transparency, and its name and opacity mask after it.
     fn node(&mut self, n: &Node) {
+        let tag = self.series_tag.take();
         if let NodeKind::Layer { .. } = n.kind {
             return self.write_layer(n, &[]);
         }
@@ -652,7 +663,8 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
         if self.in_symbol {
             self.wrote_fixed |= symbols::redrawn(n);
         }
-        if n.extras().graph.is_some() && !self.in_look {
+        let graph = if n.extras().graph.is_some() && !self.in_look { self.graph_records(n) } else { None };
+        if n.extras().graph.is_some() && !self.in_look && graph.is_none() {
             self.warn(GRAPHS);
         }
         // On the layers or in an opacity mask's art, outside art cut to a clipping object: with its
@@ -680,14 +692,18 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
         let start = self.body.len();
         // An image's copy written as the part that its opacity mask, among other regions, shows.
         let mut mask_window = None;
+        let charged = self.charges();
         match &n.kind {
             NodeKind::Layer { .. } => {}
             NodeKind::Group { children, clip: true } => self.clip_group(children, xy),
             NodeKind::Group { children, clip: false } => {
                 if self.open_group("u") {
+                    self.in_graph |= graph.is_some();
                     for c in children {
+                        self.series_tag = graph.as_ref().and_then(|g| g.tags.get(&c.id).cloned());
                         self.node(c);
                     }
+                    self.in_graph &= graph.is_none();
                     self.end_group("U", xy);
                 }
             }
@@ -790,6 +806,11 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
             // A group's dictionary goes between its end and its state block.
             let block = (self.block_end == self.body.len() && self.block_start >= start).then(|| self.body.split_off(self.block_start));
             self.block_end = usize::MAX;
+            // A graph's series group is tagged right after its end, before its dictionary.
+            if let Some(t) = tag {
+                self.graph_tags.push(self.body.len());
+                self.line(&t);
+            }
             let mask_written = self.dictionary(n);
             if let Some(b) = block {
                 self.body.push_str(&b);
@@ -803,6 +824,41 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
         if deform {
             self.line(&envelopes::plugin_line());
         }
+        if let Some(g) = graph {
+            self.graph_end(g, start, charged);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The records of graph `n` ([`crate::ai_graph::records`]) when it is written as a graph: on the
+    /// layers, outside art cut to a clipping object, symbols' art, live objects' art and another
+    /// graph, and without an art style anywhere in it. `None` when it is written as its art.
+    fn graph_records(&self, n: &Node) -> Option<crate::ai_graph::Records> {
+        fn has_style(n: &Node, styled: &HashMap<NodeId, Arc<Node>>) -> bool {
+            styled.contains_key(&n.id) || n.children().is_some_and(|c| c.iter().any(|c| has_style(c, styled)))
+        }
+        let placed = self.hidden == 0 && self.nest == 0 && self.drawn == 0 && self.clip.is_none() && !self.in_symbol && !self.in_graph;
+        if !placed || has_style(n, &self.styled) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        crate::ai_graph::records(n, self.to_art)
+    }
+
+    /// The graph whose art was written from `start` on, charged from `charged`, ends: its records go
+    /// before the art and `%_GS` after it, or, when art in it was left out ([`Self::take_objects`]),
+    /// its `Go` lines are taken out and it stays its art, with a warning.
+    fn graph_end(&mut self, records: crate::ai_graph::Records, start: usize, charged: Charges) {
+        let tags = std::mem::take(&mut self.graph_tags);
+        if self.body.len() > start && !self.left_out_since(charged) {
+            self.body.insert_str(start, &records.head);
+            self.line(crate::ai_graph::END);
+            return;
+        }
+        for at in tags.into_iter().rev() {
+            if let Some(len) = self.body.get(at..).and_then(|rest| rest.find('\n')) {
+                self.body.replace_range(at..=at + len, "");
+            }
+        }
+        self.warn(GRAPHS);
     }
 
     /// Live object `n`, of transparency `xy`, as a group of its art, with `warning` when it is given.
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/writer/texts.rs b/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/writer/texts.rs
index 2e90817b98..8503500007 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/writer/texts.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/ai_editing/writer/texts.rs
@@ -440,7 +440,13 @@ pub(in crate::ai_editing) fn loses(t: &TextObject) -> bool {
                 // The text document holds the Ascent first baseline by leaving it out, without a minimum.
                 || (t.area.first_baseline == FirstBaseline::Ascent && t.area.first_baseline_min != 0.0)))
         || (matches!(t.kind, TextKind::OnPath { .. })
-            && (t.path_effect != PathEffect::default() || t.path_align != PathAlign::default() || t.path_spacing != 0.0 || end_read_as_none(t)))
+            && (t.path_effect != PathEffect::default()
+                || t.path_align != PathAlign::default()
+                || t.path_spacing != 0.0
+                || end_read_as_none(t)
+                // The writer writes type that starts before its open path starting at the
+                // path's start.
+                || t.kind.starts_before_path()))
 }
 
 /// Key 35 of a run in style `st`, as the reader's `Texts::style` reads it: 3 for Tate-chu-yoko, 1
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/ai_graph.rs b/crates/eps/src/ai_graph.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e1cebd9f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/eps/src/ai_graph.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+//! A live graph's records, which the legacy `.ai` writer ([`crate::legacy_ai`]) and the editing data
+//! writer ([`crate::ai_editing`]) both write around a graph's group (Adobe Illustrator File Format
+//! Specification, version 7.0, §17 and appendix A): `%_Gs`, the functional records on `%_` lines
+//! (`Gb`, `Gy`, `Gd`, three `Ga` … `GA` axes, `Gz`, `Gc` cells and `GC`), the drawn art in one group
+//! with each series' group followed by `%_2 column 0 0 Go`, then `%_GS`.
+//!
+//! A graph is written so only when the `.ai` reader (`import::ai::read::graph`) reads every record
+//! back as the same graph: one of the four graph types it reads (grouped and stacked column, line,
+//! area), the settings it keeps, a table it holds, and drawn art it attaches the graph to (each
+//! series' group a direct member of the graph's, of paths painted with one solid fill and one plain
+//! line, and the plot's left and bottom edges drawn as stroked lines). Any other graph is written as
+//! its art, with a warning.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
+use kurbo::{PathSeg, Point};
+use vectorcraft_color::{BlendMode, Paint};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{
+    Appearance, AppearanceItem, GraphKind, GraphSpec, LabelStyles, MAX_GRAPH_CATEGORIES, MAX_GRAPH_SERIES, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, PiePosition,
+    PieSort, TickLength, ValueAxisSide,
+};
+use vectorcraft_effects::stroke;
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Rect};
+
+use crate::ps;
+
+/// Most cells of a graph's table, its label row and column included.
+const MAX_CELLS: usize = 2_600_000;
+
+/// Longest cell string, in bytes (appendix A, `Gc`).
+const MAX_CELL_TEXT: usize = 255;
+
+/// Most characters of the text before or after a value axis' numbers (appendix A, `Ga`, `GA`).
+const MAX_AFFIX: usize = 9;
+
+/// Most tick marks per division the reader keeps.
+const MAX_TICK_MARKS: usize = 20;
+
+/// Most divisions of a value axis with set values the reader keeps.
+const MAX_DIVISIONS: usize = 100;
+
+/// How far an axis line may be from the plot's edge, in points.
+const EDGE: f64 = 0.01;
+
+/// Most values one `Gc` takes.
+const CELLS_PER_RECORD: usize = 15;
+
+/// A graph's records: what goes before its group (`%_Gs` to `%_GC`), and the `Go` line that follows
+/// each series' group, by the group's id. `%_GS` follows the group.
+pub(crate) struct Records {
+    pub(crate) head: String,
+    pub(crate) tags: HashMap<NodeId, String>,
+}
+
+/// The line that ends a graph's records, after its group.
+pub(crate) const END: &str = "%_GS";
+
+/// The records of graph `n` (a group holding [`vectorcraft_doc::NodeExtras::graph`]), its art written
+/// through `to_art`; `None` when the reader would not read them back as the same graph.
+pub(crate) fn records(n: &Node, to_art: Affine) -> Option<Records> {
+    let g = n.extras().graph.as_deref()?;
+    let NodeKind::Group { children, clip: false } = &n.kind else { return None };
+    (n.visible && n.extras().mask.is_none() && all_shown(n)).then_some(())?;
+    let ty = kind_code(g.kind)?;
+    settings_kept(g).then_some(())?;
+    let (left_manual, left_min, left_max, left_step) = axis(g.ticks, g.axis_min, g.axis_max)?;
+    let (right_manual, right_min, right_max, right_step) = axis(g.right_ticks, g.right_axis_min, g.right_axis_max)?;
+    // The table as the graph draws it: `cells` leaves out rows and series past the model's limits.
+    let rows = g.rows.len();
+    let width = g.rows.iter().map(Vec::len).max().unwrap_or(0);
+    ((1..=MAX_GRAPH_CATEGORIES).contains(&rows) && (1..=MAX_GRAPH_SERIES).contains(&width)).then_some(())?;
+    let cells = g.cells();
+    cells.iter().flatten().all(|v| v.is_none_or(f64::is_finite)).then_some(())?;
+    cells.iter().flatten().any(Option::is_some).then_some(())?;
+    let first_row = usize::from(!g.series.is_empty());
+    let first_col = usize::from(!g.categories.is_empty());
+    (g.series.is_empty() || g.series.len() == width).then_some(())?;
+    (g.categories.is_empty() || g.categories.len() == rows).then_some(())?;
+    let (total_rows, total_cols) = (rows + first_row, width + first_col);
+    total_rows.checked_mul(total_cols).filter(|c| *c <= MAX_CELLS)?;
+    g.series.iter().chain(&g.categories).all(|l| l.len() <= MAX_CELL_TEXT && !l.chars().any(char::is_control)).then_some(())?;
+    [&g.prefix, &g.suffix, &g.right_prefix, &g.right_suffix]
+        .iter()
+        .all(|a| a.chars().count() <= MAX_AFFIX && !a.chars().any(char::is_control))
+        .then_some(())?;
+    // The plot, and the art the reader attaches the graph to.
+    let r = g.rect;
+    (r.is_finite() && r.width() > 0.0 && r.height() > 0.0).then_some(())?;
+    let plot = to_art.transform_rect_bbox(r);
+    (plot.is_finite() && plot.width() > 0.0 && plot.height() > 0.0).then_some(())?;
+    let tags = series_groups(children, width, first_col, g.kind == GraphKind::Line)?;
+    draws_axes(n, r).then_some(())?;
+    let placed = n.geometric_bounds()?;
+    (r.x0 >= placed.x0 - EDGE && r.y0 >= placed.y0 - EDGE && r.x1 <= placed.x1 + EDGE && r.y1 <= placed.y1 + EDGE).then_some(())?;
+
+    let mut head = String::from("%_Gs\n");
+    let _ = writeln!(head, "%_{} {} {} {} Gb", real(plot.x0), real(plot.y1), real(plot.x1), real(plot.y0));
+    let flag = |b: bool| u8::from(b);
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        head,
+        "%_{ty} {} {} 14 {} {} 0 {} 6 44 Gy",
+        flag(g.drop_shadow),
+        flag(g.first_row_in_front),
+        flag(g.mark_points),
+        flag(g.connect_points),
+        flag(g.legend_across_top)
+    );
+    let _ =
+        writeln!(head, "%_10 2 {} 0 {} {} {} Gd", flag(g.first_column_in_front), real(g.column_width), real(g.cluster_width), flag(g.edge_to_edge));
+    // Tick marks per division: 0 and 1 both mean one, at the labels, and the reader reads 0 as 1.
+    let (category_marks, left_marks, right_marks) = (g.category_tick_marks.max(1), g.tick_marks.max(1), g.right_tick_marks.max(1));
+    let _ = writeln!(head, "%_1 () Ga\n%_0 {} 0 0 0 {category_marks} {} () GA", tick(g.category_tick_length), flag(g.ticks_between_labels));
+    let _ = writeln!(head, "%_2 {} Ga", ps::bytes(g.prefix.as_bytes()));
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        head,
+        "%_{} {} {} {} {} {} 0 {} GA",
+        flag(left_manual),
+        tick(g.tick_length),
+        real(left_min),
+        real(left_max),
+        real(left_step),
+        left_marks,
+        ps::bytes(g.suffix.as_bytes())
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(head, "%_4 {} Ga", ps::bytes(g.right_prefix.as_bytes()));
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        head,
+        "%_{} {} {} {} {} {} 0 {} GA",
+        flag(right_manual),
+        tick(g.right_tick_length),
+        real(right_min),
+        real(right_max),
+        real(right_step),
+        right_marks,
+        ps::bytes(g.right_suffix.as_bytes())
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(head, "%_{total_rows} {total_cols} {first_row} {first_col} Gz");
+    let mut table = Table::new(&mut head);
+    if first_row == 1 {
+        if first_col == 1 {
+            table.text("");
+        }
+        for s in &g.series {
+            table.text(s);
+        }
+    }
+    for (i, row) in cells.iter().enumerate() {
+        if let Some(c) = g.categories.get(i) {
+            table.text(c);
+        }
+        for v in row {
+            match v {
+                Some(v) => table.num(*v),
+                None => table.text(""),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    table.finish();
+    head.push_str("%_GC\n");
+    Some(Records { head, tags })
+}
+
+/// The `Gc` records of a table, its cells in rows: at most [`CELLS_PER_RECORD`] values each, one
+/// string at most.
+struct Table<'a> {
+    out: &'a mut String,
+    values: usize,
+    string: bool,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Table<'a> {
+    fn new(out: &'a mut String) -> Self {
+        Self { out, values: 0, string: false }
+    }
+
+    fn start(&mut self, string: bool) {
+        if self.values == CELLS_PER_RECORD || (string && self.string) {
+            self.finish();
+        }
+        self.out.push_str(if self.values == 0 { "%_" } else { " " });
+        self.values += 1;
+        self.string |= string;
+    }
+
+    fn text(&mut self, t: &str) {
+        self.start(true);
+        self.out.push_str(&ps::bytes(t.as_bytes()));
+    }
+
+    fn num(&mut self, v: f64) {
+        self.start(false);
+        self.out.push_str(&real(v));
+    }
+
+    fn finish(&mut self) {
+        if self.values > 0 {
+            self.out.push_str(" Gc\n");
+        }
+        (self.values, self.string) = (0, false);
+    }
+}
+
+/// `v` as a PostScript number that reads back as the same value.
+fn real(v: f64) -> String {
+    if v == 0.0 {
+        "0".into()
+    } else if (1e-4..1e15).contains(&v.abs()) {
+        format!("{v}")
+    } else {
+        format!("{v:e}")
+    }
+}
+
+/// `graphType`: 5 grouped column, 6 stacked column, 7 line, 10 area; the reader reads no other type.
+fn kind_code(k: GraphKind) -> Option<u8> {
+    match k {
+        GraphKind::Column => Some(5),
+        GraphKind::StackedColumn => Some(6),
+        GraphKind::Line => Some(7),
+        GraphKind::Area => Some(10),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// `tickMarkType`: 13 none, 14 short, 15 the length of the plot.
+fn tick(t: TickLength) -> u8 {
+    match t {
+        TickLength::None => 13,
+        TickLength::Short => 14,
+        TickLength::Full => 15,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Whether `g`'s settings are ones the records give and the reader keeps: a legend beside or across
+/// the top, every series of the graph's type, one value axis on the left, lines not filled, no graph
+/// designs, label formatting or pie settings, column and cluster widths of 1% to 1000%, and at most
+/// [`MAX_TICK_MARKS`] tick marks a division.
+fn settings_kept(g: &GraphSpec) -> bool {
+    let percent = |p: f64| (1.0..=1000.0).contains(&p);
+    g.legend
+        && g.series_kinds.iter().all(|k| k.is_none_or(|k| k == g.kind))
+        && g.value_axis == ValueAxisSide::Left
+        && !g.separate_scales
+        && g.right_series.is_empty()
+        && !g.filled_lines
+        && g.series_markers.iter().all(Option::is_none)
+        && g.series_columns.iter().all(Option::is_none)
+        && g.label_styles == LabelStyles::default()
+        && !g.pie_legend_in_wedges
+        && g.pie_position == PiePosition::Even
+        && g.pie_sort == PieSort::None
+        && percent(g.column_width)
+        && percent(g.cluster_width)
+        && [g.tick_marks, g.right_tick_marks, g.category_tick_marks].iter().all(|m| *m <= MAX_TICK_MARKS)
+}
+
+/// A value axis' `useManualValues`, lowest and highest value and `betweenValue`: automatic (no tick
+/// count and no values), or a whole number of divisions (1 to [`MAX_DIVISIONS`]) between a lowest
+/// and a higher highest value, which the reader reads back as the same count.
+fn axis(ticks: usize, min: Option<f64>, max: Option<f64>) -> Option<(bool, f64, f64, f64)> {
+    match (ticks, min, max) {
+        (0, None, None) => Some((false, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)),
+        (1..=MAX_DIVISIONS, Some(lo), Some(hi)) if lo.is_finite() && hi.is_finite() && hi > lo => {
+            let step = (hi - lo) / ticks as f64;
+            let n = (hi - lo) / step;
+            let exact = step > 0.0 && step.is_finite() && (n - n.round()).abs() <= 1e-6 * n.round().max(1.0) && n.round() == ticks as f64;
+            exact.then_some((true, lo, hi, step))
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Whether `n` and everything in it is shown.
+fn all_shown(n: &Node) -> bool {
+    n.visible && n.children().is_none_or(|c| c.iter().all(|c| all_shown(c)))
+}
+
+/// Whether `n` is shown, fully opaque, in Normal mode, not isolated and without an opacity mask or
+/// effects: the reader keeps a series' paint only from groups and paths drawn so.
+fn as_drawn(n: &Node) -> bool {
+    n.visible
+        && n.opacity == 1.0
+        && n.blend == BlendMode::Normal
+        && !n.isolate
+        && n.extras().mask.is_none()
+        && !n.appearance.effects.iter().any(|e| e.visible)
+}
+
+/// The visible fill and line `p` is written with as one path object: a solid fill, and a solid
+/// plain line with its weight, each opaque, in Normal mode and without effects of its own. `None`
+/// when it has other paint, more than one of either, or isn't one path of one subpath.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+fn plain_paint(p: &Node) -> Option<(Option<Paint>, Option<(Paint, f64)>)> {
+    let NodeKind::Path { path, guide: false, clipping: false, .. } = &p.kind else { return None };
+    (path.subpaths.iter().filter(|sp| !sp.anchors.is_empty()).count() == 1).then_some(())?;
+    let (mut fill, mut line) = (None, None);
+    for item in &p.appearance.items {
+        let drawn = match item {
+            AppearanceItem::Fill(f) => f.visible && !f.paint.is_none(),
+            AppearanceItem::Stroke(s) => s.visible && !s.paint.is_none() && s.width > 0.0 && s.width.is_finite(),
+        };
+        if !drawn {
+            // The writers leave out what draws nothing; the reader reads nothing in its place.
+            continue;
+        }
+        let plain =
+            item.opacity() == 1.0 && item.blend() == BlendMode::Normal && item.effects().is_empty() && matches!(item.paint(), Paint::Solid { .. });
+        plain.then_some(())?;
+        match item {
+            AppearanceItem::Fill(f) if fill.is_none() && line.is_none() => fill = Some(f.paint.clone()),
+            AppearanceItem::Stroke(s) if line.is_none() && stroke::is_plain(s) => line = Some((s.paint.clone(), s.width)),
+            _ => return None,
+        }
+    }
+    Some((fill, line))
+}
+
+/// The `Go` line of each series' group among `children`: a group whose series index is one of the
+/// `series` the table has, each once, of paths [`as_drawn`] with one fill and one line alike
+/// ([`plain_paint`]), every path filled unless the graph draws lines (`line`). Its column is the
+/// table's: after the label column when there is one (`first_col`). `None` when a series has no
+/// such group.
+fn series_groups(children: &[std::sync::Arc<Node>], series: usize, first_col: usize, line: bool) -> Option<HashMap<NodeId, String>> {
+    let mut tags = HashMap::new();
+    let mut seen = vec![false; series];
+    for c in children {
+        let Some(s) = c.extras().series_index else { continue };
+        let s = usize::try_from(s).ok().filter(|s| *s < series)?;
+        let slot = seen.get_mut(s)?;
+        (!*slot).then_some(())?;
+        *slot = true;
+        let NodeKind::Group { children: paths, clip: false } = &c.kind else { return None };
+        (as_drawn(c) && *c.appearance == Appearance::default() && !paths.is_empty()).then_some(())?;
+        let mut paints = vec![];
+        for p in paths {
+            as_drawn(p).then_some(())?;
+            paints.push(plain_paint(p)?);
+        }
+        let fill = paints.iter().find_map(|(f, _)| f.clone());
+        paints.iter().all(|(f, _)| f.is_none() || *f == fill).then_some(())?;
+        (line || paints.iter().all(|(f, _)| f.is_some())).then_some(())?;
+        let stroke = paints.first().and_then(|(_, s)| s.clone());
+        paints.iter().all(|(_, s)| *s == stroke).then_some(())?;
+        tags.insert(c.id, format!("%_2 {} 0 0 Go", s + first_col));
+    }
+    seen.iter().all(|s| *s).then_some(tags)
+}
+
+/// Whether `art` draws plot `plot`'s left edge and its bottom edge (the document's y runs down) as
+/// straight lines, each a shown path of one subpath with a plain line ([`plain_paint`]) in a shown
+/// group, as the reader finds the axes.
+fn draws_axes(art: &Node, plot: Rect) -> bool {
+    let near = |a: Point, b: Point| (a - b).hypot() <= EDGE;
+    let on = |s: &PathSeg, a: Point, b: Point| match s {
+        PathSeg::Line(l) => (near(l.p0, a) && near(l.p1, b)) || (near(l.p0, b) && near(l.p1, a)),
+        _ => false,
+    };
+    let (top_left, bottom_left, bottom_right) = (Point::new(plot.x0, plot.y0), Point::new(plot.x0, plot.y1), Point::new(plot.x1, plot.y1));
+    let (mut left, mut bottom) = (false, false);
+    let mut stack = vec![art];
+    while let Some(n) = stack.pop() {
+        if !n.visible || n.opacity <= 0.0 || (left && bottom) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        match &n.kind {
+            NodeKind::Group { children, clip: false } => stack.extend(children.iter().map(|c| &**c)),
+            NodeKind::Path { path, .. } if plain_paint(n).is_some_and(|(_, line)| line.is_some()) => {
+                for s in path.to_bezpath().segments() {
+                    left |= on(&s, top_left, bottom_left);
+                    bottom |= on(&s, bottom_left, bottom_right);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    left && bottom
+}
+
+/// Graphs built as the graph tools draw them, for the writers' tests.
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) mod sample {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use vectorcraft_color::{Color, Paint};
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, GraphKind, GraphSpec, Node, PieSort, TickLength, ValueAxisSide};
+    use vectorcraft_geom::{PathData, Point, Rect, shapes};
+
+    use super::Appearance;
+
+    /// A graph of kind `kind`: series East and West, categories Q1 to Q3, West blank in Q2, on the
+    /// plot 100 100 300 250.
+    pub(crate) fn spec(kind: GraphKind) -> GraphSpec {
+        let mut g = GraphSpec {
+            kind,
+            rect: Rect::new(100.0, 100.0, 300.0, 250.0),
+            series: vec!["East".into(), "West".into()],
+            categories: vec!["Q1".into(), "Q2".into(), "Q3".into()],
+            ..GraphSpec::default()
+        };
+        g.set_cells(vec![vec![Some(5.0), Some(3.0)], vec![Some(7.0), None], vec![Some(4.0), Some(6.0)]]);
+        g
+    }
+
+    fn path(doc: &mut Document, p: PathData, fill: Paint, stroke: Paint) -> Arc<Node> {
+        Arc::new(Node::path(doc.alloc_id(), p, Appearance::basic(fill, stroke, 1.0)))
+    }
+
+    /// Graph `g` drawn as a group: a group of each series' marks (a line graph's series as an unfilled
+    /// line, the others' as filled columns), its axes on the plot's left and bottom edges, and a
+    /// legend of a swatch for each series; its series groups named after the series.
+    pub(crate) fn graph(doc: &mut Document, g: GraphSpec) -> Node {
+        let r = g.rect;
+        let cells = g.cells();
+        let width = cells.first().map_or(0, Vec::len);
+        let mut members = vec![];
+        let axes = vec![
+            path(doc, shapes::line(Point::new(r.x0, r.y0), Point::new(r.x0, r.y1)), Paint::None, Paint::solid(Color::BLACK)),
+            path(doc, shapes::line(Point::new(r.x0, r.y1), Point::new(r.x1, r.y1)), Paint::None, Paint::solid(Color::BLACK)),
+        ];
+        members.push(Arc::new(Node::group(doc.alloc_id(), axes)));
+        for s in 0..width {
+            let gray = Paint::solid(Color::gray(0.2 + 0.3 * s as f32));
+            let points: Vec<Point> = cells
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .filter_map(|(c, row)| {
+                    row.get(s).copied().flatten().map(|v| Point::new(r.x0 + 20.0 + 60.0 * c as f64 + 15.0 * s as f64, r.y1 - v * 10.0))
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let marks: Vec<Arc<Node>> = if g.kind == GraphKind::Line {
+                let mut bp = kurbo::BezPath::new();
+                for (i, p) in points.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i == 0 { bp.move_to(*p) } else { bp.line_to(*p) }
+                }
+                vec![path(doc, PathData::from_bezpath(&bp), Paint::None, gray)]
+            } else {
+                points.iter().map(|p| path(doc, shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(p.x, p.y, p.x + 10.0, r.y1)), gray.clone(), Paint::None)).collect()
+            };
+            let mut series = Node::group(doc.alloc_id(), marks);
+            series.name = Some(g.series.get(s).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| format!("Series {}", s + 1)));
+            series.extras_mut().series_index = Some(s as u32);
+            members.push(Arc::new(series));
+        }
+        let swatches: Vec<Arc<Node>> = (0..width)
+            .map(|s| {
+                let y = r.y0 + 12.0 * s as f64;
+                path(
+                    doc,
+                    shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(r.x1 + 10.0, y, r.x1 + 18.0, y + 8.0)),
+                    Paint::solid(Color::gray(0.2 + 0.3 * s as f32)),
+                    Paint::None,
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+        members.push(Arc::new(Node::group(doc.alloc_id(), swatches)));
+        let mut n = Node::group(doc.alloc_id(), members);
+        n.extras_mut().graph = Some(Box::new(g));
+        n
+    }
+
+    /// A 400 × 300 document holding `g` drawn by [`graph`] on its layer.
+    pub(crate) fn document(g: GraphSpec) -> Document {
+        let mut doc = Document::new(400.0, 300.0);
+        let layer = doc.layers[0].id;
+        let n = graph(&mut doc, g);
+        doc.insert(Some(layer), usize::MAX, n).unwrap();
+        doc
+    }
+
+    /// Graphs whose records read back whole: each type the records give, every setting they keep
+    /// changed, labels with parentheses, backslashes and non-ASCII characters, a label of 255 bytes,
+    /// and a table without labels.
+    pub(crate) fn kept() -> Vec<(&'static str, Document)> {
+        let mut cases = vec![
+            ("column", document(spec(GraphKind::Column))),
+            ("stacked column", document(spec(GraphKind::StackedColumn))),
+            ("line", document(spec(GraphKind::Line))),
+            ("area", document(spec(GraphKind::Area))),
+        ];
+        let mut g = spec(GraphKind::Column);
+        (g.drop_shadow, g.first_row_in_front, g.first_column_in_front, g.legend_across_top) = (true, true, true, true);
+        (g.mark_points, g.connect_points, g.edge_to_edge) = (false, false, true);
+        (g.column_width, g.cluster_width) = (120.0, 50.0);
+        (g.tick_length, g.tick_marks, g.ticks, g.axis_min, g.axis_max) = (TickLength::Full, 3, 4, Some(0.0), Some(20.0));
+        (g.right_tick_length, g.right_tick_marks, g.right_ticks, g.right_axis_min, g.right_axis_max) = (TickLength::None, 2, 5, Some(1.0), Some(6.0));
+        (g.category_tick_length, g.category_tick_marks, g.ticks_between_labels) = (TickLength::Short, 2, true);
+        (g.prefix, g.suffix, g.right_prefix, g.right_suffix) = ("($".into(), "\\)".into(), "é".into(), " u".into());
+        cases.push(("settings", document(g)));
+        let mut g = spec(GraphKind::Column);
+        g.series = vec!["A (1)".into(), "B\\2".into()];
+        g.categories = vec![String::new(), "naïve".into(), "a".repeat(255)];
+        g.set_cells(vec![vec![Some(1.0 / 3.0), Some(1e-7)], vec![None, Some(2.5)], vec![Some(12.0), None]]);
+        cases.push(("labels", document(g)));
+        let mut g = spec(GraphKind::Column);
+        (g.series, g.categories) = (vec![], vec![]);
+        cases.push(("no labels", document(g)));
+        cases
+    }
+
+    /// Graphs the records can't give as they are, which are written as their art: the five other
+    /// types, settings the reader doesn't keep, a table it can't hold, and art it can't attach the
+    /// graph to.
+    pub(crate) fn unkept() -> Vec<(&'static str, Document)> {
+        let with = |f: &dyn Fn(&mut GraphSpec)| {
+            let mut g = spec(GraphKind::Column);
+            f(&mut g);
+            document(g)
+        };
+        let mut cases: Vec<(&'static str, Document)> = [GraphKind::Bar, GraphKind::StackedBar, GraphKind::Scatter, GraphKind::Pie, GraphKind::Radar]
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|k| (k.id(), document(spec(k))))
+            .collect();
+        cases.extend([
+            ("no legend", with(&|g| g.legend = false)),
+            ("filled lines", with(&|g| (g.kind, g.filled_lines) = (GraphKind::Line, true))),
+            ("a series of another type", with(&|g| g.series_kinds = vec![None, Some(GraphKind::Line)])),
+            ("a marker design", with(&|g| g.series_markers = vec![Some("Star".into())])),
+            ("a column design", with(&|g| g.series_columns = vec![Some(Default::default())])),
+            ("label formatting", with(&|g| g.label_styles.values = Some(Default::default()))),
+            ("a value axis on both sides", with(&|g| g.value_axis = ValueAxisSide::Both)),
+            ("a series on the right axis", with(&|g| g.right_series = vec![1])),
+            ("pie settings", with(&|g| g.pie_sort = PieSort::All)),
+            ("a manual axis without its values", with(&|g| g.ticks = 4)),
+            ("values without a tick count", with(&|g| (g.axis_min, g.axis_max) = (Some(0.0), Some(10.0)))),
+            ("101 divisions", with(&|g| (g.ticks, g.axis_min, g.axis_max) = (101, Some(0.0), Some(101.0)))),
+            ("too many tick marks", with(&|g| g.tick_marks = 21)),
+            ("a column width past 1000%", with(&|g| g.column_width = 1001.0)),
+            ("a long prefix", with(&|g| g.prefix = "0123456789".into())),
+            ("a line break in a label", with(&|g| g.series[0] = "East\nside".into())),
+            ("a label of 256 bytes", with(&|g| g.categories[0] = "a".repeat(256))),
+            ("a value that isn't finite", with(&|g| g.rows[0][0] = f64::NAN)),
+            ("only blank cells", with(&|g| g.set_cells(vec![vec![None, None]; 3]))),
+            ("fewer labels than series", with(&|g| g.series.truncate(1))),
+        ]);
+        let drawn = |what: &'static str, f: &dyn Fn(&mut Vec<Arc<Node>>)| {
+            let mut doc = Document::new(400.0, 300.0);
+            let mut n = graph(&mut doc, spec(GraphKind::Column));
+            if let Some(c) = n.children_mut() {
+                f(c);
+            }
+            let layer = doc.layers[0].id;
+            doc.insert(Some(layer), usize::MAX, n).unwrap();
+            (what, doc)
+        };
+        cases.extend([
+            drawn("a series without its group", &|c| {
+                c.remove(2);
+            }),
+            drawn("no axes", &|c| {
+                c.remove(0);
+            }),
+            drawn("a hidden legend", &|c| {
+                if let Some(l) = c.last_mut() {
+                    Arc::make_mut(l).visible = false;
+                }
+            }),
+            drawn("a series drawn half opaque", &|c| Arc::make_mut(&mut c[1]).opacity = 0.5),
+            drawn("a series mark with a gradient", &|c| {
+                let g = vectorcraft_color::Gradient::new(
+                    vectorcraft_color::GradientKind::Linear,
+                    vec![vectorcraft_color::GradientStop::new(0.0, Color::BLACK), vectorcraft_color::GradientStop::new(1.0, Color::WHITE)],
+                );
+                let series = Arc::make_mut(&mut c[1]);
+                if let Some(marks) = series.children_mut() {
+                    let mark = Arc::make_mut(&mut marks[0]);
+                    mark.appearance = Appearance::basic(Paint::Gradient(Box::new(vectorcraft_color::GradientPaint::new(g))), Paint::None, 0.0).into();
+                }
+            }),
+        ]);
+        cases
+    }
+
+    /// The graphs in `doc`, each with the series index of its members.
+    pub(crate) fn graphs(doc: &Document) -> Vec<(GraphSpec, Vec<Option<u32>>)> {
+        let mut out = vec![];
+        doc.walk(|n| {
+            if let Some(g) = n.extras().graph.as_deref() {
+                out.push((g.clone(), n.children().map(|c| c.iter().map(|c| c.extras().series_index).collect()).unwrap_or_default()));
+            }
+        });
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// Whether `read` is the graph `written` was: the same data and settings, the plot in the same
+    /// place; its series' paint is the art's and its bounds are the art's as read.
+    pub(crate) fn same(written: &GraphSpec, read: &GraphSpec) -> bool {
+        let near = |a: Rect, b: Rect| (a.x0 - b.x0).abs() + (a.y0 - b.y0).abs() + (a.x1 - b.x1).abs() + (a.y1 - b.y1).abs() < 1e-6;
+        let plain = |g: &GraphSpec| GraphSpec {
+            rect: Rect::ZERO,
+            rows: vec![],
+            blanks: vec![],
+            series_paints: vec![],
+            placed: None,
+            placed_art: None,
+            series_kinds: vec![],
+            ..g.clone()
+        };
+        near(written.rect, read.rect) && written.cells() == read.cells() && plain(written) == plain(read)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Numbers are written so they read back the same, small and large ones included.
+    #[test]
+    fn numbers_read_back_as_written() {
+        for v in [0.0, 1.0, -2.5, 1.0 / 3.0, 1e-7, 123_456_789_012_345_678.0, f64::MAX, f64::MIN_POSITIVE] {
+            assert_eq!(real(v).parse::<f64>().ok(), Some(v), "{v}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A graph of `categories` rows of `series` values, drawn by [`sample::graph`].
+    fn sized(categories: usize, series: usize) -> Node {
+        let mut g = sample::spec(GraphKind::Column);
+        (g.series, g.categories) = (vec![], vec![]);
+        g.set_cells(vec![vec![Some(1.0); series]; categories]);
+        sample::graph(&mut vectorcraft_doc::Document::new(400.0, 300.0), g)
+    }
+
+    /// The table the reader holds: up to 10,000 categories and 256 series; past them, the graph is
+    /// its art.
+    #[test]
+    fn tables_up_to_the_readers_limits_are_written() {
+        assert!(records(&sized(MAX_GRAPH_CATEGORIES, 1), Affine::IDENTITY).is_some_and(|r| r.head.contains("%_10000 1 0 0 Gz\n")));
+        assert!(records(&sized(MAX_GRAPH_CATEGORIES + 1, 1), Affine::IDENTITY).is_none());
+        assert!(records(&sized(1, MAX_GRAPH_SERIES), Affine::IDENTITY).is_some_and(|r| r.tags.len() == MAX_GRAPH_SERIES));
+        assert!(records(&sized(1, MAX_GRAPH_SERIES + 1), Affine::IDENTITY).is_none());
+    }
+
+    /// Tick-mark counts of 0, which mean one tick mark as 1 does, are written as 1, the count the
+    /// reader reads back.
+    #[test]
+    fn tick_mark_counts_of_0_are_written_as_1() {
+        let mut g = sample::spec(GraphKind::Column);
+        (g.tick_marks, g.right_tick_marks, g.category_tick_marks) = (0, 0, 0);
+        let n = sample::graph(&mut vectorcraft_doc::Document::new(400.0, 300.0), g);
+        let head = records(&n, Affine::IDENTITY).map(|r| r.head).unwrap_or_default();
+        let marks: Vec<&str> = head.lines().filter(|l| l.ends_with(" GA")).map(|l| l.split(' ').nth(5).unwrap_or("")).collect();
+        assert_eq!(marks, ["1", "1", "1"], "{head}");
+    }
+
+    /// A table's cells go fifteen to a record, with one string at most in each.
+    #[test]
+    fn cells_go_fifteen_to_a_record_with_one_string_each() {
+        let mut out = String::new();
+        let mut t = Table::new(&mut out);
+        t.text("a");
+        t.text("b");
+        for v in 0..16 {
+            t.num(f64::from(v));
+        }
+        t.finish();
+        let records: Vec<&str> = out.lines().collect();
+        assert_eq!(records[0], "%_(a) Gc");
+        assert_eq!(records[1], "%_(b) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Gc");
+        assert_eq!(records[2], "%_14 15 Gc");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs b/crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs
index 8b081782d3..22a9833e07 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs
@@ -10329,11 +10329,14 @@ fn a_brushed_path_with_samples_of_the_pen_keeps_its_drawn_look() {
     assert_eq!(a.len(), 1, "{a:#?}");
     assert!(matches!(a[0].kind, NodeKind::Group { .. }), "the drawn look: {a:#?}");
     assert!(r.warnings.iter().any(|w| w.contains("drawn look")), "{:?}", r.warnings);
-    // The samples belong to the path before them: a path after them is read as it was.
-    let after = format!("{path}{RED}{}f\n", rect_path(0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0));
+    // The samples belong to the path before them: a path after them with the same brush and no
+    // samples of its own comes in brushed.
+    let after = format!("{path}{}", brushed_path());
     let a = art(&read_ok(&format!("{def}{style}{}", layer(&after))).doc);
     assert_eq!(a.len(), 2, "{a:#?}");
-    assert!(matches!(a[1].kind, NodeKind::Path { .. }) && a[1].appearance.fill().is_some(), "{a:#?}");
+    assert!(matches!(a[0].kind, NodeKind::Group { .. }), "the sampled path's drawn look: {a:#?}");
+    assert!(matches!(a[1].kind, NodeKind::Path { .. }), "the path after the samples, brushed: {a:#?}");
+    assert_eq!(a[1].appearance.stroke().and_then(|s| s.brush.as_deref()), Some("Six D"), "{a:#?}");
     // Samples with no object before them in the layer mark nothing: the path after them is read.
     let first = format!("{PEN_SAMPLES}{}", brushed_path());
     let a = art(&read_ok(&format!("{def}{style}{}", layer(&first))).doc);
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai.rs b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai.rs
index 76980f4b7e..779385b82b 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai.rs
@@ -43,13 +43,17 @@
 //!   PostScript names in `%%DocumentFonts` and `%%IncludeFont` (§3.1) and re-encoded to
 //!   Windows-1252 (`TE`, then `%AI3_BeginEncoding: _name name`, `TZ`, §3.3), the 8-bit encoding
 //!   strings are in.
+//! - Graphs (§17): a graph whose records VectorCraft's reader reads back as the same graph
+//!   (`crate::ai_graph`) as `%_Gs`, its functional records, its group with each series' group
+//!   followed by `%_2 column 0 0 Go`, and `%_GS`.
 //!
 //! The format has one artboard, no transparency, sublayers, object names, hidden objects (only
 //! layers hide), live effects, symbols or appearances with several fills and strokes. Callers write
 //! one file per artboard and expand appearances first; what is left is written as the format can
 //! hold it, each loss a warning: transparent objects are written opaque, sublayers become groups,
-//! live objects and symbols their art, strokes a plain line can't draw their outlines, pattern
-//! fills their tiles clipped to the shape, freeform gradients their average colour, elliptical
+//! live objects and symbols their art, other graphs their art, strokes a plain line can't draw
+//! their outlines, pattern fills their tiles clipped to the shape, freeform gradients their average
+//! colour, elliptical
 //! radial gradients circular (the gradient matrix is relative to a canvas the specification
 //! doesn't size), transparent image pixels over white. Hidden objects go to a hidden layer of
 //! their own above their layer, are left out or show, as [`HiddenObjects`] says (in a hidden
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/encoding.rs b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/encoding.rs
index d971e5249e..a1c40ca28f 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/encoding.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/encoding.rs
@@ -137,7 +137,11 @@ pub(super) fn lost_attributes(t: &TextObject) -> bool {
         || !t.fractional_widths
         || (matches!(t.kind, TextKind::Area { .. }) && t.area != AreaOptions::default())
         || (matches!(t.kind, TextKind::OnPath { .. })
-            && (t.path_effect != PathEffect::default() || t.path_align != PathAlign::default() || t.path_spacing != 0.0 || end_bracket(t)))
+            && (t.path_effect != PathEffect::default()
+                || t.path_align != PathAlign::default()
+                || t.path_spacing != 0.0
+                || end_bracket(t)
+                || t.kind.starts_before_path()))
         || several_paths(&t.kind)
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs
index ad27eb4a03..e07f119215 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs
@@ -1560,6 +1560,22 @@ fn type_on_a_path_alignment_and_end_bracket_are_warned_as_left_out() {
     assert!(warned(&|t| t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: along(true), start: 0.7, end: Some(0.5) }));
     // An open path's end bracket before its start bracket.
     assert!(warned(&|t| t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: along(false), start: 0.5, end: Some(0.3) }));
+    // Type that starts before its open path: the text path holds a start on the path only.
+    assert!(warned(&|t| t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: along(false), start: -0.25, end: None }));
+    assert!(!warned(&|t| t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: along(false), start: 0.0, end: None }));
+    // It is written starting at the path's start: the same text object as a start of 0.
+    let written = |start: f64| {
+        let mut doc = Document::new(300.0, 200.0);
+        let layer = doc.layers[0].id;
+        let mut t = TextObject::point(vectorcraft_geom::Point::ZERO, "Along", style(12.0, Paint::solid(Color::BLACK)));
+        t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: along(false), start, end: None };
+        t.xf = Affine::IDENTITY;
+        let n = Node::new(doc.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)));
+        doc.insert(Some(layer), usize::MAX, n).unwrap();
+        write(&doc).bytes
+    };
+    assert_eq!(written(-0.25), written(0.0));
+    assert_ne!(written(0.25), written(0.0));
     let two = |first_closed: bool| {
         let mut path = along(first_closed);
         let pts = [(150.0, 100.0).into(), (250.0, 100.0).into()];
@@ -2157,3 +2173,64 @@ fn a_stained_instance_is_written_in_its_stained_color() {
     let text = String::from_utf8(write(&doc).bytes).unwrap();
     assert!(text.contains("0 0 1 Xa") && !text.contains("1 0 0 Xa"), "{text}");
 }
+
+/// A graph whose records read back whole is written with them (§17), and opens again as the same
+/// live graph: its table, type and settings, its series' groups tagged in order, without a warning
+/// about graphs.
+#[test]
+fn graphs_are_written_with_their_records_and_open_live() {
+    use crate::ai_graph::sample;
+    for (what, doc) in sample::kept() {
+        let out = write(&doc);
+        assert!(!out.warnings.iter().any(|w| w == GRAPHS), "{what}: {:?}", out.warnings);
+        let text = String::from_utf8(out.bytes.clone()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((text.matches("%_Gs\n").count(), text.matches("%_GS\n").count()), (1, 1), "{what}: {text}");
+        let read = crate::import(&out.bytes).unwrap();
+        let written = sample::graphs(&doc);
+        let graphs = sample::graphs(&read.document);
+        assert_eq!(graphs.len(), 1, "{what}: {:?}", read.warnings);
+        assert!(sample::same(&written[0].0, &graphs[0].0), "{what}: {:#?}\n{:#?}", written[0].0, graphs[0].0);
+        assert_eq!(graphs[0].1, written[0].1, "{what}: the members and their series");
+    }
+}
+
+/// A graph inside a group is written with its records too, and opens on its own group.
+#[test]
+fn a_graph_in_a_group_is_written_with_its_records() {
+    use crate::ai_graph::sample;
+    let mut doc = Document::new(400.0, 300.0);
+    let graph = sample::graph(&mut doc, sample::spec(vectorcraft_doc::GraphKind::Column));
+    let frame = shape(&mut doc, shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(10.0, 10.0, 20.0, 20.0)), red(), Paint::None);
+    let outer = Node::group(doc.alloc_id(), vec![Arc::new(frame), Arc::new(graph)]);
+    let l = doc.layers[0].id;
+    doc.insert(Some(l), 0, outer).unwrap();
+    let out = write(&doc);
+    assert!(!out.warnings.iter().any(|w| w == GRAPHS), "{:?}", out.warnings);
+    let read = crate::import(&out.bytes).unwrap();
+    let graphs = sample::graphs(&read.document);
+    assert_eq!(graphs.len(), 1, "{:?}", read.warnings);
+    assert!(sample::same(&sample::graphs(&doc)[0].0, &graphs[0].0));
+    let layer = children(&read.document.layers[0]);
+    assert!(layer[0].extras().graph.is_none() && layer[0].children().is_some_and(|c| c.len() == 2), "{layer:#?}");
+}
+
+/// A graph whose records wouldn't read back as it is is written as its art, without records, with
+/// the warning, and opens as that art.
+#[test]
+fn graphs_the_records_cant_keep_are_written_as_their_art() {
+    use crate::ai_graph::sample;
+    for (what, doc) in sample::unkept() {
+        let out = export_legacy_ai(&doc, &LegacyAiOptions::default()).unwrap();
+        assert!(out.warnings.iter().any(|w| w == GRAPHS), "{what}: {:?}", out.warnings);
+        let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.bytes).into_owned();
+        assert!(!text.contains("%_Gs") && !text.contains(" Go\n") && !text.contains("%_GS"), "{what}: {text}");
+        let read = crate::import(&out.bytes).unwrap();
+        assert!(sample::graphs(&read.document).is_empty(), "{what}");
+        let paths = |d: &Document| {
+            let mut count = 0;
+            d.walk(|n| count += usize::from(matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Path { .. })));
+            count
+        };
+        assert_eq!(paths(&read.document), paths(&doc), "{what}: the graph's art is kept");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/writer.rs b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/writer.rs
index 0b41c3defa..d8f88e0d0b 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/writer.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/writer.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ pub(super) struct Writer<'a> {
     last_image: Option<(ImageBlob, Option<Arc<image::DynamicImage>>)>,
     /// The images written whole so far, by the address of their data (which each entry keeps).
     whole_images: std::collections::HashMap<usize, Arc<Vec<u8>>>,
+    /// Writing a graph's art with its records: a graph inside it is written as its art.
+    in_graph: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
             clips: vec![],
             last_image: None,
             whole_images: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
+            in_graph: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -264,7 +267,12 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
         if n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|s| !s.is_empty()) && !n.is_layer() {
             self.warn(NAMES);
         }
-        if n.extras().graph.is_some() {
+        // A graph on the layers keeps its data and settings when its records read back whole.
+        let graph = match n.extras().graph.is_some() {
+            true if self.nest == 0 && !self.in_graph => crate::ai_graph::records(n, self.to_art),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        if n.extras().graph.is_some() && graph.is_none() {
             self.warn(GRAPHS);
         }
         let locked = locked || n.locked;
@@ -273,7 +281,10 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
                 self.warn(SUBLAYERS);
                 self.group(children, *clip, locked);
             }
-            NodeKind::Group { children, clip } => self.group(children, *clip, locked),
+            NodeKind::Group { children, clip } => match &graph {
+                Some(records) => self.graph(children, locked, records),
+                None => self.group(children, *clip, locked),
+            },
             NodeKind::Path { path, rule, guide, .. } => {
                 self.lock(locked);
                 if *guide {
@@ -352,6 +363,25 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// A graph's group (`u` … `U`) between its records (§17): `%_Gs` and its functional records
+    /// before it, `%_GS` after it, and each series' group followed by its `Go` tag.
+    fn graph(&mut self, children: &[Arc<Node>], locked: bool, records: &crate::ai_graph::Records) {
+        self.lock(locked);
+        self.body.push_str(&records.head);
+        self.line("u");
+        self.in_graph = true;
+        for c in children {
+            self.node(c, locked);
+            if let Some(tag) = records.tags.get(&c.id) {
+                self.line(tag);
+            }
+        }
+        self.in_graph = false;
+        self.lock(locked);
+        self.line("U");
+        self.line(crate::ai_graph::END);
+    }
+
     /// A clipping group: its first member's outline clips the others (`h W n`). That member's fills
     /// paint behind the art, inside the clip, and its strokes over it, outside.
     fn clip_group(&mut self, children: &[Arc<Node>], locked: bool) {
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/lib.rs b/crates/eps/src/lib.rs
index 534778286a..ada3171e0a 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/lib.rs
@@ -31,9 +31,11 @@
 //! - `ai_editing`: the editing copy of the art a PDF-compatible `.ai` file carries
 //!   ([`export_ai_editing`], [`ai_private_data`]).
 //! - `ai_ops`: the path and line style operators those two write.
+//! - `ai_graph`: the records of a live graph those two write around its group.
 //! - [`dcs`]: DCS files, an EPS file with one program per printing plate, read for placing.
 
 mod ai_editing;
+mod ai_graph;
 mod ai_ops;
 pub mod dcs;
 mod import;
diff --git a/crates/mcp/src/tools/definitions.rs b/crates/mcp/src/tools/definitions.rs
index ee3bd56095..4b55d6aff1 100644
--- a/crates/mcp/src/tools/definitions.rs
+++ b/crates/mcp/src/tools/definitions.rs
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ pub fn tool_definitions() -> Vec<Value> {
         tool(
             "transform",
             "Transform",
-            "Move, rotate, scale, reflect or shear the selection (or `ids`); several may be combined and run in that order. Angles in degrees (counter-clockwise), scale in %. `origin` [x,y] defaults to the selection centre; `copy` transforms a copy.",
+            "Move, rotate, scale, reflect or shear the selection (or `ids`); several may be combined and run in that order. Angles in degrees (counter-clockwise), scale in %. Scale and reflect act along the selection's bounding box, turned with rotated objects until Reset Bounding Box. `origin` [x,y] defaults to the selection centre; `copy` transforms a copy.",
             obj(
                 json!({
                     "ids": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "integer"}},
diff --git a/crates/mcp/src/ui_catalog.rs b/crates/mcp/src/ui_catalog.rs
index 871641d3bc..1ae99d0c25 100644
--- a/crates/mcp/src/ui_catalog.rs
+++ b/crates/mcp/src/ui_catalog.rs
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         "Cmd+Shift+F6",
         "{} make the open document before the current one in tab order the current one, as a click on its tab does (before the first document it goes to the last, and from the Home screen to the last); each view window.newWindow opened is a step of its own; returns {index}, with `view` for a document with more than one view",
     ),
-    ("tool.select", "Select Tool", "", "{tool: id} (see tools)"),
+    ("tool.select", "Select Tool", "", "{tool: id} (see tools) → {tool}; a tool that cannot be chosen returns the error"),
     (
         "tool.setOption",
         "Tool Option",
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         "tool.toggleTouchMode",
         "Switch Selection and Drawing Modes",
         "",
-        "{} from the Selection, Direct Selection, Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso or Perspective Selection tool, choose the drawing tool chosen last in this window (none yet: the Pencil tool); from any other tool, choose the Selection tool, remembering the tool left as the drawing tool unless it is the Hand, Rotate View, Zoom or Print Tiling tool → {tool}. A two-finger tap on the canvas runs it in the Touch workspace (Enable Touch Gestures on)",
+        "{} from the Selection, Direct Selection, Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso or Perspective Selection tool, choose the drawing tool chosen last in this window (none yet: the Pencil tool); from any other tool, choose the Selection tool, remembering the tool left as the drawing tool unless it is the Hand, Rotate View, Zoom or Print Tiling tool → {tool}; a tool that cannot be chosen returns the error and leaves the drawing tool as it was. A two-finger tap on the canvas runs it in the Touch workspace (Enable Touch Gestures on)",
     ),
     (
         "effect.dialog",
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         "ui.cropImage",
         "Crop Image",
         "",
-        "{} show a crop box on the selected image (tool `cropImage`): it starts on the part over the image's artboard; drag its handles or inside it, then Enter or the Control bar's Apply crops the image to it (object.cropImage {rect}), Escape or Cancel leaves it as it is, both back to the Selection tool. tool.setOption {key: \"rect\", value: [x, y, width, height]} sets the box",
+        "{} show a crop box on the selected image (tool `cropImage`): it starts on the part over the image's artboard; drag its handles or inside it, then Enter or the Control bar's Apply crops the image to it (object.cropImage {rect}), Escape or Cancel leaves it as it is, both back to the Selection tool. tool.setOption {key: \"rect\", value: [x, y, width, height]} sets the box. → {tool}; a tool that cannot be chosen returns the error",
     ),
     ("effect.applyLast", "Apply Last Effect", "Cmd+Shift+E", "{}"),
     (
@@ -1087,6 +1087,12 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         "",
         "{objects?: [paths|shapes|text|images|effects|groups|linkedFiles|guides], layers?: [locked|hidden]} set the Layers panel's Filter (By Object, By Layer): a row stays when it is of a kind in `objects` and in a state in `layers` (its own lock or eye; an empty list takes every row), or when a row inside it stays; Search All narrows the rows further. A key left out keeps its list. The filter lasts the session and does not change the document, its open rows or the selection → {objects, layers}",
     ),
+    (
+        "ui.panelView",
+        "Set Panel View",
+        "",
+        "{panel: swatches|graphicStyles|symbols, view?} set a panel's view, as the view items of its panel menu do: for swatches smallThumb|mediumThumb (the default)|largeThumb|smallList|largeList, for graphicStyles and symbols thumbnail (the default)|smallList|largeList; without `view`, answer the current one. The view lasts the session and does not change the document; an unknown panel or view is an error and changes nothing → {panel, view}",
+    ),
     (
         "ui.tileEdgeColor",
         "Tile Edge Color…",
diff --git a/crates/pdf/src/export/text.rs b/crates/pdf/src/export/text.rs
index c9ef8203c7..c6946f5416 100644
--- a/crates/pdf/src/export/text.rs
+++ b/crates/pdf/src/export/text.rs
@@ -246,7 +246,8 @@ impl Exporter<'_> {
             // Spaces are written too (text extraction needs them); control characters and soft
             // hyphens draw nothing.
             let blank = g.outline.elements().is_empty() && !coloured;
-            if blank && !ch.is_some_and(|c| c.is_whitespace() && !c.is_control()) {
+            // Characters before the start of an open path are not drawn, spaces included.
+            if g.off_path || (blank && !ch.is_some_and(|c| c.is_whitespace() && !c.is_control())) {
                 continue;
             }
             // The glyph at the font size of its vertical scale: `frame` maps that size's glyph
diff --git a/crates/pdf/src/tests/realtext.rs b/crates/pdf/src/tests/realtext.rs
index a36cea3ee7..77be459e9f 100644
--- a/crates/pdf/src/tests/realtext.rs
+++ b/crates/pdf/src/tests/realtext.rs
@@ -304,6 +304,26 @@ fn real_text_lands_within_half_a_point_of_the_outlines() {
     }
 }
 
+/// Type on an open path that starts before the path writes only the characters drawn on the path,
+/// as text and as outlines.
+#[test]
+fn type_starting_before_its_open_path_writes_only_what_is_drawn() {
+    let mut line = BezPath::new();
+    line.move_to((20.0, 150.0));
+    line.line_to((380.0, 150.0));
+    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "A C DEF", style(20.0));
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: 0.0, end: None };
+    t.xf = Affine::IDENTITY;
+    let laid = vectorcraft_text::layout(FontDb::global(), &t);
+    // Four glyphs, two of them spaces, and a little more before the start: "DEF" is drawn.
+    let lead: f64 = laid.glyphs.iter().take(4).map(|g| g.advance).sum::<f64>() + 1.0;
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: -lead / 360.0, end: None };
+    let d = doc(vec![t]);
+    assert_eq!(texts(&import_as(&pdf(&d, false).bytes, TextAs::Text)).concat(), "DEF");
+    let outlined = ink(&import_as(&pdf(&d, true).bytes, TextAs::Outlines));
+    assert!(outlined.x0 > 20.0 - 1e-6, "{outlined:?}");
+}
+
 /// Area type 200 points wide holding `text`, its paragraphs in lists `lists`, with an 18 pt
 /// hanging indent.
 fn listed(text: &str, lists: &[Option<ParaList>]) -> TextObject {
diff --git a/crates/render/src/tests/fontchange.rs b/crates/render/src/tests/fontchange.rs
index 27e1e7e1e9..d2d228154f 100644
--- a/crates/render/src/tests/fontchange.rs
+++ b/crates/render/src/tests/fontchange.rs
@@ -117,6 +117,24 @@ fn variable_font_settings_are_not_highlighted_as_substituted_glyphs() {
     assert!(g.alternate_glyphs(&t).elements().is_empty());
 }
 
+/// Type in a missing font that starts before its open path: only the characters drawn on the path
+/// are highlighted as substituted.
+#[test]
+fn characters_before_an_open_path_are_not_highlighted() {
+    let _steady = fonts_steady();
+    let style = CharStyle { size: 20.0, font_family: "No Such Family 5932".into(), ..Default::default() };
+    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "MMMM", style);
+    let mut line = vectorcraft_geom::BezPath::new();
+    line.move_to((0.0, 50.0));
+    line.line_to((500.0, 50.0));
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: 0.0, end: None };
+    let whole = text_geom(&t).substituted_fonts;
+    assert!(!whole.elements().is_empty());
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: -0.9, end: None };
+    let g = text_geom(&t);
+    assert!(g.all.elements().is_empty() && g.substituted_fonts.elements().is_empty(), "{:?}", g.substituted_fonts);
+}
+
 /// Type in a composite font draws each class of character in its part's face, which is not a
 /// substitute: Document Setup's highlight of substituted glyphs leaves it alone.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/render/src/text_geom.rs b/crates/render/src/text_geom.rs
index 05228eb209..eaa15a6841 100644
--- a/crates/render/src/text_geom.rs
+++ b/crates/render/src/text_geom.rs
@@ -183,7 +183,8 @@ pub(crate) fn text_geom_snapped(t: &TextObject, snap: Option<Affine>) -> TextGeo
     let (mut substituted_fonts, mut substituted_glyphs, mut alternate_candidates) = (BezPath::new(), BezPath::new(), vec![]);
     let plain = t.plain_text();
     let (mut images, mut colours) = (vec![], vec![]);
-    for g in &layout.glyphs {
+    // Glyphs before the start of an open path draw nothing and have no highlight cells.
+    for g in layout.glyphs.iter().filter(|g| !g.off_path) {
         push(&mut all, g.run, &g.outline);
         if let Some((image, xf)) = g.placed_image() {
             images.push((g.run, image.clone(), xf));
diff --git a/crates/svg/src/export/text.rs b/crates/svg/src/export/text.rs
index ccd5f56806..2f8e8b8a1b 100644
--- a/crates/svg/src/export/text.rs
+++ b/crates/svg/src/export/text.rs
@@ -571,6 +571,9 @@ impl Writer<'_> {
         let base = self.char_props(&drawn.first_style(), space);
         let mut props = base.clone();
         let (from, to) = t.kind.path_span().unwrap_or((start, 1.0));
+        // Type on an open path may start before the path: a negative `startOffset`, and a reader
+        // does not draw the characters before the path's start, as the layout does not.
+        let from = t.kind.path_text_start().unwrap_or(from);
         // The anchor sits where the layout aligns the line within its span.
         let at = match t.para_at(0).justify {
             Justify::Center | Justify::JustifyCenter => {
diff --git a/crates/svg/src/import/text.rs b/crates/svg/src/import/text.rs
index 4bb79d6d78..5d700f9c5a 100644
--- a/crates/svg/src/import/text.rs
+++ b/crates/svg/src/import/text.rs
@@ -1473,16 +1473,26 @@ impl Ctx {
             let offset = tp.attribute("startOffset").and_then(|v| self.length(v, em, len)).unwrap_or(0.0) + dx[0];
             let width = if anchor > 0.0 { advance(&point_text(&cells)) } else { 0.0 };
             // On a path of one closed subpath, text that starts before the path's start or past its
-            // end wraps around the path. Otherwise it starts at the path's start or end.
+            // end wraps around the path. On an open path text may start before the path's start,
+            // and its characters before the start are not drawn; text that starts past the end
+            // starts at the end. Other paths start it at the path's start or end.
             let path = PathData::from_bezpath(&bp);
             let wraps = path.subpaths.len() == 1 && path.is_closed();
+            let open = !path.is_closed();
             let wrap = |s: f64| {
                 // `rem_euclid` can round a tiny negative value up to 1.
                 let s = s.rem_euclid(1.0);
                 if s < 1.0 { s } else { 0.0 }
             };
-            let start =
-                Some((offset - anchor * width) / len).filter(|s| s.is_finite()).map_or(0.0, |s| if wraps { wrap(s) } else { s.clamp(0.0, 1.0) });
+            let start = Some((offset - anchor * width) / len).filter(|s| s.is_finite()).map_or(0.0, |s| {
+                if wraps {
+                    wrap(s)
+                } else if open {
+                    s.clamp(-vectorcraft_doc::PATH_LEAD_MAX, 1.0)
+                } else {
+                    s.clamp(0.0, 1.0)
+                }
+            });
             obj.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path, start, end: None };
             obj.xf = Affine::IDENTITY;
         } else if vertical {
diff --git a/crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs b/crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs
index 816e17f15d..72b476eb24 100644
--- a/crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs
+++ b/crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs
@@ -335,10 +335,12 @@ fn text_on_a_closed_path_wraps_past_the_path_start() {
     // A negative startOffset, in user units or as a percentage, counts back from the path's end.
     assert!(close(start_of(t[4]), 0.9, 1e-9), "{}", start_of(t[4]));
     assert!(close(start_of(t[5]), 0.9, 1e-9), "{}", start_of(t[5]));
-    // A path of two closed subpaths, and an open path, do not wrap: the text starts at the path's
-    // start or end.
+    // A path of two closed subpaths does not wrap: the text starts at the path's start. An open
+    // path does not wrap either: text anchored before its start starts there
+    // (`text_on_an_open_path_starts_before_the_path`), and text offset past its end starts at
+    // its end.
     assert_eq!(start_of(t[6]), 0.0);
-    assert_eq!(start_of(t[7]), 0.0);
+    assert!(close(start_of(t[7]), -width / 300.0, 1e-6), "{} {width}", start_of(t[7]));
     assert_eq!(start_of(t[8]), 1.0);
 
     // Laid out, the end-anchored text draws every glyph up the left side and ends at the start
@@ -372,6 +374,52 @@ fn text_on_a_closed_path_wraps_past_the_path_start() {
     assert!(lay.glyphs.iter().enumerate().all(|(i, g)| g.byte == i), "{:?}", lay.glyphs.iter().map(|g| g.byte).collect::<Vec<_>>());
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn text_on_an_open_path_starts_before_the_path() {
+    // An open path 300 long. Text anchored, or offset, before its start starts that far before it,
+    // and only the characters whose middle is on the path are drawn; the text keeps every character.
+    let d = open(
+        r##"<path id="o" d="M50 50 H150 V150 H50" fill="none" stroke="black"/>
+        <text font-size="20" text-anchor="end"><textPath href="#o">Wave</textPath></text>
+        <text font-size="20" text-anchor="middle"><textPath href="#o">Wave</textPath></text>
+        <text font-size="20"><textPath href="#o" startOffset="-20%">Wave</textPath></text>
+        <text font-size="20"><textPath href="#o">Wave</textPath></text>"##,
+    );
+    let t = texts(&d);
+    assert_eq!(t.len(), 4);
+    let start_of = |t: &TextObject| match t.kind {
+        TextKind::OnPath { start, .. } => start,
+        _ => panic!("{:?}", t.kind),
+    };
+    let whole = layout(FontDb::global(), t[3]);
+    let width: f64 = whole.glyphs.iter().map(|g| g.advance).sum();
+    assert!(width > 0.0 && width < 60.0, "{width}");
+    assert!(close(start_of(t[0]), -width / 300.0, 1e-6), "{} {width}", start_of(t[0]));
+    assert!(close(start_of(t[1]), -width / 600.0, 1e-6), "{} {width}", start_of(t[1]));
+    assert!(close(start_of(t[2]), -0.2, 1e-9), "{}", start_of(t[2]));
+    let drawn = |t: &TextObject| {
+        let lay = layout(FontDb::global(), t);
+        assert!(!lay.overflow && lay.glyphs.len() == 4, "{} {}", lay.overflow, lay.glyphs.len());
+        assert_eq!(t.plain_text(), "Wave");
+        lay.glyphs.iter().map(|g| !g.outline.elements().is_empty()).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    };
+    // Ending at the path's start: nothing is drawn.
+    assert_eq!(drawn(t[0]), [false; 4]);
+    // Centered on the path's start: the characters whose middle is past the start are drawn, the
+    // last ones of the text.
+    // (A hidden glyph has no advance: the advances are the ones the text takes on the path.)
+    let middle = drawn(t[1]);
+    let mut x = -width / 2.0;
+    for (g, shown) in whole.glyphs.iter().zip(&middle) {
+        assert_eq!(*shown, x + g.advance / 2.0 >= 0.0, "{x} {middle:?}");
+        x += g.advance;
+    }
+    assert!(middle.iter().any(|d| *d) && !middle[0] && middle[3], "{middle:?}");
+    // 60 before the start, more than the text's width: nothing is drawn.
+    assert_eq!(drawn(t[2]), [false; 4]);
+    assert_eq!(drawn(t[3]), [true; 4]);
+}
+
 /// The unit vector along a glyph's baseline.
 fn baseline_dir(angle: f64) -> vectorcraft_geom::Vec2 {
     vectorcraft_geom::Vec2::new(angle.cos(), angle.sin())
diff --git a/crates/svg/tests/it/roundtrip.rs b/crates/svg/tests/it/roundtrip.rs
index 127e47846c..0846d694f2 100644
--- a/crates/svg/tests/it/roundtrip.rs
+++ b/crates/svg/tests/it/roundtrip.rs
@@ -478,6 +478,31 @@ fn aligned_text_on_path_anchors_within_its_span() {
     }
 }
 
+/// Type on an open path that starts before the path is written with a negative `startOffset` and
+/// reads back starting there, with the same characters drawn.
+#[test]
+fn text_on_an_open_path_starting_before_it_round_trips() {
+    let mut line = vectorcraft_geom::BezPath::new();
+    line.move_to((0.0, 100.0));
+    line.line_to((200.0, 100.0));
+    let mut d = Document::new(200.0, 200.0);
+    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "Before", CharStyle { size: 14.0, ..CharStyle::default() });
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: -0.1, end: None };
+    let shown = |t: &TextObject| {
+        vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), t).glyphs.iter().map(|g| !g.outline.elements().is_empty()).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    };
+    let before = shown(&t);
+    assert!(before.contains(&true) && before.contains(&false), "{before:?}");
+    let id = d.alloc_id();
+    let svg = export(&doc_with(vec![Node::new(id, NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)))]), &ExportOptions::default());
+    assert!(svg.contains("startOffset=\"-10%\""), "{svg}");
+    let r = import(&svg).unwrap();
+    let NodeKind::Text(t) = &art(&r)[0].kind else { panic!() };
+    let TextKind::OnPath { start, .. } = &t.kind else { panic!("not type on a path: {:?}", t.kind) };
+    assert!((start + 0.1).abs() < 1e-6, "start {start}");
+    assert_eq!(shown(t), before);
+}
+
 /// An end bracket, Align to Path or Spacing, which `<textPath>` can't express, keep their look as
 /// outlines (#429).
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/text/src/features.rs b/crates/text/src/features.rs
index 112573104d..4aabae7b1a 100644
--- a/crates/text/src/features.rs
+++ b/crates/text/src/features.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub struct OtFeatures {
     pub swash: bool,
     /// The features of [`EXTRA_FEATURES`] turned on, one bit each (off by default): stylistic
     /// sets, alternates, titling, proportional and lining figures, superscript, subscript,
-    /// numerators and denominators, `aalt`.
+    /// numerators and denominators, `aalt`, H or V Style (`hkna`) and Roman Italics (`ital`).
     pub extra: u32,
     /// The value of each feature of [`EXTRA_FEATURES`] that is on, as a tag `salt=2` gives it: for
     /// a feature with alternates, which of them the font draws (the HarfBuzz feature value, 1 for
@@ -64,13 +64,20 @@ pub const MAX_STYLE_FEATURES: usize = 256;
 /// Features beyond the named fields, off unless asked for, each bit `i` of [`OtFeatures::extra`]:
 /// stylistic sets `ss01`–`ss20`, stylistic alternates `salt`, titling `titl`, proportional `pnum`
 /// and lining `lnum` figures, superscript `sups`, subscript `subs`, numerators `numr`,
-/// denominators `dnom` and access all alternates `aalt`.
+/// denominators `dnom`, access all alternates `aalt`, and the OpenType panel menu's H or V Style
+/// `hkna` (shaped as `vkna` in vertical type) and Roman Italics `ital`.
 /// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/features_ae#tag-aalt>
-pub const EXTRA_FEATURES: [&str; 29] = [
+/// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/features_fj#tag-hkna>
+/// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/features_fj#tag-ital>
+pub const EXTRA_FEATURES: [&str; 31] = [
     "ss01", "ss02", "ss03", "ss04", "ss05", "ss06", "ss07", "ss08", "ss09", "ss10", "ss11", "ss12", "ss13", "ss14", "ss15", "ss16", "ss17", "ss18",
-    "ss19", "ss20", "salt", "titl", "pnum", "lnum", "sups", "subs", "numr", "dnom", "aalt",
+    "ss19", "ss20", "salt", "titl", "pnum", "lnum", "sups", "subs", "numr", "dnom", "aalt", "hkna", "ital",
 ];
 
+/// The features of [`EXTRA_FEATURES`] that are only on or off: they substitute one form for each
+/// glyph, so they take no alternate's number (`hkna=2` is refused).
+const SWITCH_FEATURES: [&str; 2] = ["hkna", "ital"];
+
 impl Default for OtFeatures {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -107,10 +114,11 @@ struct ParsedTag<'a> {
     value: u16,
 }
 
-/// Can feature `name` take a value (`salt=2`)? The features of [`EXTRA_FEATURES`] and `swsh` can:
-/// each substitutes glyphs, and the value says which alternate.
+/// Can feature `name` take a value (`salt=2`)? The features of [`EXTRA_FEATURES`] but
+/// [`SWITCH_FEATURES`], and `swsh`, can: each substitutes glyphs, and the value says which
+/// alternate.
 fn takes_value(name: &str) -> bool {
-    name == "swsh" || EXTRA_FEATURES.contains(&name)
+    name == "swsh" || (EXTRA_FEATURES.contains(&name) && !SWITCH_FEATURES.contains(&name))
 }
 
 /// Read a feature tag: `tag`, `+tag`, `-tag` or, for a feature that takes a value, `tag=N` (`N`
@@ -316,6 +324,8 @@ impl OtFeatures {
         }
         for (i, tag) in EXTRA_FEATURES.iter().enumerate() {
             if let (true, Ok(t)) = (s.extra & (1 << i) != 0, <[u8; 4]>::try_from(tag.as_bytes())) {
+                // H or V Style: the kana forms made for the writing direction, `vkna` in vertical type.
+                let t = if self.vertical && &t == b"hkna" { *b"vkna" } else { t };
                 v.push(f(&t, u32::from(s.extra_values.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0).max(1))));
             }
         }
@@ -434,6 +444,31 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// H or V Style (`hkna`) and Roman Italics (`ital`) are known, round-trip through the stored
+    /// tags and reach the shaper: `hkna` as itself in horizontal type and as `vkna` in vertical
+    /// type, `ital` in both. Neither takes an alternate's number.
+    #[test]
+    fn kana_style_and_roman_italics_are_kept_and_shaped() {
+        for t in ["hkna", "-hkna", "+ital", "ital"] {
+            assert!(OtFeatures::known_tag(t), "{t}");
+        }
+        for t in ["hkna=2", "ital=0", "vkna"] {
+            assert!(!OtFeatures::known_tag(t), "{t}");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(OtFeatures::from_tags(["ital", "hkna", "smcp"]).to_tags(), ["smcp", "hkna", "ital"]);
+        assert_eq!(OtFeatures::from_tags(["hkna", "ital", "-hkna"]).to_tags(), ["ital"]);
+        let st = CharStyle { features: vec!["hkna".into(), "ital".into()], ..CharStyle::default() };
+        let on = |vertical: bool| -> Vec<String> {
+            OtFeatures { vertical, ..OtFeatures::default() }.resolve(&st).iter().filter(|f| f.value == 1).map(|f| f.tag.to_string()).collect()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(on(false), ["hkna", "ital"]);
+        assert_eq!(on(true), ["vkna", "ital", "vert"]);
+        let plain = |vertical: bool| OtFeatures { vertical, ..OtFeatures::default() }.resolve(&CharStyle::default());
+        for vertical in [false, true] {
+            assert!(!plain(vertical).iter().any(|f| [b"hkna", b"vkna", b"ital"].iter().any(|t| f.tag == Tag::new(t))), "off by default");
+        }
+    }
+
     /// `changes` lists the features a change turns on and off and leaves out the ones it keeps,
     /// and applying them to any set makes the same change.
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/text/src/layout.rs b/crates/text/src/layout.rs
index d7669f2fe2..6f558d86dd 100644
--- a/crates/text/src/layout.rs
+++ b/crates/text/src/layout.rs
@@ -626,6 +626,7 @@ impl Ctx<'_> {
             width_start,
             warichu: g.wari.map(|w| w.start),
             warichu_line: g.wari.map_or(0.0, |w| w.across),
+            off_path: false,
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/text/src/layout/on_path.rs b/crates/text/src/layout/on_path.rs
index d119f5d780..d1072d3781 100644
--- a/crates/text/src/layout/on_path.rs
+++ b/crates/text/src/layout/on_path.rs
@@ -380,6 +380,35 @@ pub(crate) fn layout_trying_each_start(db: &crate::fontdb::FontDb, t: &TextObjec
     l
 }
 
+/// For type that starts before its open path `ap` (`lead`), a glyph whose middle is `mid` along the
+/// path and falls before the path's start is not drawn, as SVG 2 lays out text on a path
+/// (https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/text.html#TextLayoutPath): glyph `at` keeps its place in the layout
+/// for the caret, with no length at the path's start (moved off the path by `rise`, as Align to Path
+/// moves the glyph), and draws nothing ([`crate::PositionedGlyph::off_path`]). True when it is hidden.
+fn hide_before_open_path(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, ap: &ArcPath, lead: bool, at: usize, mid: f64, rise: f64) -> bool {
+    if !lead || ap.is_closed() || mid >= 0.0 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let (p, dir) = ap.at(0.0);
+    let start = p + Vec2::new(-dir.y, dir.x) * rise;
+    if let Some(glyph) = cx.out.glyphs.get_mut(at) {
+        glyph.origin = start;
+        glyph.advance = 0.0;
+        glyph.width = 0.0;
+        glyph.width_start = 0.0;
+        glyph.outline = BezPath::new();
+        glyph.image = None;
+        glyph.colour = None;
+        // A ligature's caret stops stay, at the path's start with the glyph.
+        for c in &mut glyph.carets {
+            c.1 = 0.0;
+        }
+        glyph.off_path = true;
+    }
+    cx.out.inlines.retain(|i| i.glyph != at);
+    true
+}
+
 /// Lay type on a path out along `path` (text space), between its brackets.
 pub(super) fn on_path(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], t: &TextObject, path: &PathData) {
     cx.out.on_path = true;
@@ -453,6 +482,11 @@ pub(super) fn on_path(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], t: &TextObject,
     }
     let centre = path.bounds().unwrap_or_default().center();
     let (from, to) = t.kind.path_span().unwrap_or((0.0, 1.0));
+    // On an open path the text may start before the path's start: the span runs from there, so
+    // Dynamic Text fills it to the end bracket, and the drawn text runs from the path's start to the
+    // end bracket.
+    let from = t.kind.path_text_start().unwrap_or(from);
+    let lead = t.kind.starts_before_path();
     let s_start = from * ap.len();
     let avail = (to - from) * ap.len();
     let spacing = if t.path_spacing.is_finite() { t.path_spacing } else { 0.0 };
@@ -491,7 +525,7 @@ pub(super) fn on_path(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], t: &TextObject,
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            (l.min(s_start), r.min((ap.len() - s_start - avail).max(0.0)))
+            (l.min(s_start.max(0.0)), r.min((ap.len() - s_start - avail).max(0.0)))
         };
         (l, r, hung_r)
     };
@@ -673,10 +707,12 @@ pub(super) fn on_path(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], t: &TextObject,
                 m.tab = at;
             }
         }
+        let at = cx.out.glyphs.len();
         cx.emit(g, pre, origin, angle, g.adv, 0);
+        let hidden = hide_before_open_path(cx, &ap, lead, at, s + step * 0.5, rise);
         // A glyph of a script whose letters join is bent along a curved path (Rainbow), so its
         // joining strokes meet its neighbours' instead of standing off the curve.
-        if t.path_effect == PathEffect::Rainbow && g.cursive && !cx.vertical && g.inline.is_none() {
+        if !hidden && t.path_effect == PathEffect::Rainbow && g.cursive && !cx.vertical && g.inline.is_none() {
             let bend = GlyphBend { s, step, advance: g.adv, rise };
             if let Some(last) = cx.out.glyphs.last_mut()
                 && last.image.is_none()
diff --git a/crates/text/src/layout/ruby.rs b/crates/text/src/layout/ruby.rs
index 9b8da39d80..f51b6e64b4 100644
--- a/crates/text/src/layout/ruby.rs
+++ b/crates/text/src/layout/ruby.rs
@@ -379,5 +379,6 @@ fn ruby_glyph(g: &PositionedGlyph, m: Affine, run: usize, byte: usize, line: usi
         width_start: 0.0,
         warichu: None,
         warichu_line: 0.0,
+        off_path: false,
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/text/src/lib.rs b/crates/text/src/lib.rs
index 362a1c2408..07d761926b 100644
--- a/crates/text/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/text/src/lib.rs
@@ -188,6 +188,12 @@ pub struct PositionedGlyph {
     /// line's baseline before Character Alignment moves the glyph (y down). It names the block
     /// line whatever the alignment of each character on it. 0 for any other glyph.
     pub warichu_line: f64,
+    /// Type on an open path that starts before the path: the glyph's middle falls before the
+    /// path's start, so it draws nothing (its `outline` is empty and it has no image or color
+    /// art), hit testing and Touch Type skip it while a glyph is drawn, and exports leave it out.
+    /// It stays in the layout for the caret, at the path's start with no advance or width, and its
+    /// ligature carets stand there too.
+    pub off_path: bool,
 }
 
 /// How a glyph on a path is bent along it: a point of its pen space (x along its advance from its
@@ -600,11 +606,15 @@ pub fn hit_byte(layout: &TextLayout, p: Point) -> usize {
                 .map(|(_, d)| (p - (g.origin + along * if g.rtl { g.advance - d } else { d })).hypot2())
                 .fold(mid, f64::min)
         };
-        let best = layout.glyphs.iter().enumerate().min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| near(a).total_cmp(&near(b)));
+        // Glyphs before the start of an open path draw nothing: a click goes to a drawn one when
+        // there is one.
+        let drawn = layout.glyphs.iter().any(|g| !g.off_path);
+        let best = layout.glyphs.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, g)| !(drawn && g.off_path)).min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| near(a).total_cmp(&near(b)));
         let Some((i, g)) = best else { return layout.lines.first().map_or(0, |l| l.start) };
         // `first` and `last` are the first and last glyphs of the cluster. A click before the middle of
-        // the cluster, measured along the first glyph's direction, goes to the cluster's start.
-        let same = |o: &&PositionedGlyph| o.byte == g.byte && o.len == g.len;
+        // the cluster, measured along the first glyph's direction, goes to the cluster's start. A
+        // cluster's glyphs before an open path's start are left out when one of its glyphs is drawn.
+        let same = |o: &&PositionedGlyph| o.byte == g.byte && o.len == g.len && !(drawn && o.off_path);
         let first = layout.glyphs[..=i].iter().rev().take_while(same).last().unwrap_or(g);
         let last = layout.glyphs[i..].iter().take_while(same).last().unwrap_or(g);
         let along = dir(first.angle);
diff --git a/crates/text/src/tests.rs b/crates/text/src/tests.rs
index 423984a630..3837a1adf4 100644
--- a/crates/text/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/text/src/tests.rs
@@ -635,6 +635,85 @@ fn on_path_placement() {
     assert_eq!(hit_byte(&l, mid), 1);
 }
 
+/// Type on an open path that starts before the path's start draws only the glyphs whose middle is
+/// on the path; the others stay in the layout, drawing nothing. On a closed path a start below 0 is
+/// the path's start, as before.
+#[test]
+fn on_path_open_start_before_the_path_hides_the_glyphs_before_it() {
+    let mut line = BezPath::new();
+    line.move_to((0.0, 50.0));
+    line.line_to((500.0, 50.0));
+    let mut t = point("MMMM", style(20.0));
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: 0.0, end: None };
+    let whole = layout(db(), &t);
+    let adv = whole.glyphs[0].advance;
+    assert!(adv > 1.0 && whole.glyphs.iter().all(|g| !g.outline.elements().is_empty()));
+    // 2.4 glyphs before the start: the first two are before it, and the third's middle is just past
+    // the path's start, so it is drawn.
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: -2.4 * adv / 500.0, end: None };
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(l.on_path && !l.overflow);
+    assert_eq!(l.glyphs.len(), 4);
+    let drawn: Vec<bool> = l.glyphs.iter().map(|g| !g.outline.elements().is_empty()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(drawn, [false, false, true, true]);
+    assert_eq!(l.glyphs.iter().map(|g| g.off_path).collect::<Vec<_>>(), [true, true, false, false]);
+    assert!(l.glyphs[..2].iter().all(|g| g.carets.iter().all(|c| c.1 == 0.0) && g.advance == 0.0 && g.width == 0.0));
+    assert!(whole.glyphs.iter().all(|g| !g.off_path));
+    // Type that starts on the path keeps drawing every glyph, even where negative tracking steps
+    // its glyphs back before the path's start.
+    let mut packed = t.clone();
+    packed.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: 0.0, end: None };
+    packed.runs[0].style.tracking = -1000.0;
+    let p = layout(db(), &packed);
+    assert!(p.glyphs.len() == 4 && p.glyphs.iter().all(|g| !g.off_path && !g.outline.elements().is_empty()));
+    assert!((l.glyphs[2].origin.x + 0.4 * adv).abs() < 1e-6, "{:?}", l.glyphs[2].origin);
+    assert!((l.glyphs[3].origin.x - 0.6 * adv).abs() < 1e-6, "{:?}", l.glyphs[3].origin);
+    assert_eq!(l.lines[0].end, 4);
+    // A click at the path's start goes before the first drawn character, not into a hidden one, and
+    // the caret in the hidden characters stands at the path's start.
+    assert_eq!(hit_byte(&l, Point::new(0.0, 50.0)), 2);
+    for b in [0, 1] {
+        let (top, bottom) = caret_position(&l, b);
+        assert!(top.x.abs() < 1e-6 && bottom.x.abs() < 1e-6, "{b}: {top:?} {bottom:?}");
+    }
+    // An All Caps ß is two glyphs. With the first before the path's start, a click is measured
+    // against the drawn one: just past its middle, the caret goes after the character.
+    let mut caps = point("ße", style(20.0));
+    caps.runs[0].style.all_caps = true;
+    caps.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: 0.0, end: None };
+    let s = layout(db(), &caps).glyphs[0].advance;
+    caps.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: -1.2 * s / 500.0, end: None };
+    let c = layout(db(), &caps);
+    assert!(c.glyphs[0].byte == 0 && c.glyphs[1].byte == 0 && c.glyphs[0].off_path && !c.glyphs[1].off_path);
+    let mid = c.glyphs[1].origin.x + c.glyphs[1].advance / 2.0;
+    assert_eq!(hit_byte(&c, Point::new(mid + 0.05 * s, 50.0)), 2);
+    assert_eq!(hit_byte(&c, Point::new(mid - 0.05 * s, 50.0)), 0);
+    // With Align to Path, the hidden characters' caret is moved off the path as the drawn ones are.
+    let mut aligned = t.clone();
+    aligned.path_align = vectorcraft_doc::PathAlign::Ascender;
+    let a = layout(db(), &aligned);
+    let rise = a.glyphs[2].origin.y - 50.0;
+    assert!(rise.abs() > 1.0, "{rise}");
+    for g in &a.glyphs[..2] {
+        assert!(g.off_path && g.origin.x.abs() < 1e-6 && (g.origin.y - 50.0 - rise).abs() < 1e-6, "{:?}", g.origin);
+    }
+    // The whole text before the path: nothing is drawn, and nothing overflows.
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&line), start: -0.9, end: None };
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(!l.overflow && l.glyphs.len() == 4 && l.glyphs.iter().all(|g| g.outline.elements().is_empty()));
+    // A closed path starts the text at the path's start.
+    let mut square = BezPath::new();
+    square.move_to((0.0, 0.0));
+    square.line_to((200.0, 0.0));
+    square.line_to((200.0, 200.0));
+    square.line_to((0.0, 200.0));
+    square.close_path();
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&square), start: -0.1, end: None };
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(l.glyphs.iter().all(|g| !g.outline.elements().is_empty()));
+    assert!(l.glyphs[0].origin.x.abs() < 1e-6 && l.glyphs[0].origin.y.abs() < 1e-6, "{:?}", l.glyphs[0].origin);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn on_path_effects_orient_glyphs() {
     use vectorcraft_doc::PathEffect;
diff --git a/crates/text/src/tests/bidi.rs b/crates/text/src/tests/bidi.rs
index f02db481ab..a8f035aa6e 100644
--- a/crates/text/src/tests/bidi.rs
+++ b/crates/text/src/tests/bidi.rs
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ fn lines_of_clusters(lines: &[&[(usize, usize, f64)]], rtl: bool) -> TextLayout
                 width_start: 0.0,
                 warichu: None,
                 warichu_line: 0.0,
+                off_path: false,
             });
             x += advance;
         }
diff --git a/crates/text/src/tests/harakat.rs b/crates/text/src/tests/harakat.rs
index c8d93d451f..0b401a5cd3 100644
--- a/crates/text/src/tests/harakat.rs
+++ b/crates/text/src/tests/harakat.rs
@@ -649,6 +649,7 @@ fn duplicate_authored_glyphs_keep_occurrence_order() {
         width_start: 0.0,
         warichu: None,
         warichu_line: 0.0,
+        off_path: false,
     };
     let before = TextLayout { glyphs: vec![glyph(0), glyph(1)], ..TextLayout::default() };
     assert_eq!(assert_kashida_ownership(&text, &before, &before, &red(), "duplicate glyphs", false), 0);
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture.rs b/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture.rs
index 1bf6a9488b..562654c3c4 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture.rs
@@ -1564,9 +1564,9 @@ impl Tool for GestureTool {
             };
             let mut area = self.area.take().filter(|a| a.fits(key, &self.points)).unwrap_or_else(|| AreaPreview::new(key, self.points[0]));
             area.step(&self.points, pressures);
-            for path in area.paths(&self.points) {
-                o.push(Overlay::Path { path, color, width: 1.0, dashed: false });
-            }
+            let paths = area.paths(&self.points);
+            o.extend(paths.settled.into_iter().map(|path| Overlay::SharedPath { path, color, width: 1.0 }));
+            o.extend(paths.live.into_iter().map(|path| Overlay::Path { path, color, width: 1.0, dashed: false }));
             self.area_pending.set(area.pending(&self.points));
             self.area.set(Some(area));
         } else if let Some(pressures) = self.size_pressures() {
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/area.rs b/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/area.rs
index 0bc0f13f25..a56322db40 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/area.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/area.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 //! most [`JOIN_PIECES_PER_CALL`] pieces' worth. The grid holds at most [`LISTINGS`] listings.
 
 use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, BezPath, Line, ParamCurve, PathData, PathEl, PathSeg, Point, SubPath};
 use vectorcraft_pathops as po;
@@ -84,10 +85,22 @@ pub(super) struct AreaWork {
     pub joined: usize,
 }
 
+/// The paths of the outline to show ([`AreaPreview::paths`]).
+pub(super) struct AreaPaths {
+    /// The settled pieces' outlines, joined [`BLOCK_PIECES`] at a time: a block that did not change
+    /// is the same shared path as in the call before.
+    pub settled: Vec<Arc<BezPath>>,
+    /// The growing last piece's outline and the thin line over the points not taken yet, drawn
+    /// over the settled ones.
+    pub live: Vec<BezPath>,
+}
+
 /// The joined outline of up to [`BLOCK_PIECES`] settled pieces.
 #[derive(Default)]
 struct Block {
-    path: BezPath,
+    /// Shared with the paths [`AreaPreview::paths`] returned: a new one only when the block is
+    /// joined again.
+    path: Arc<BezPath>,
     /// A piece in it changed since `path` was joined.
     stale: bool,
 }
@@ -227,8 +240,9 @@ impl AreaPreview {
     /// The paths to show: the settled pieces' outlines, joined [`BLOCK_PIECES`] at a time, the
     /// growing last piece's and a thin line over the points of `pts` not taken yet. The joined
     /// paths with a changed piece are joined again, newest first, at most
-    /// [`JOIN_PIECES_PER_CALL`] pieces a call; the others show the path last joined.
-    pub(super) fn paths(&mut self, pts: &[Point]) -> Vec<BezPath> {
+    /// [`JOIN_PIECES_PER_CALL`] pieces a call; the others show the path last joined, the same
+    /// shared path each call.
+    pub(super) fn paths(&mut self, pts: &[Point]) -> AreaPaths {
         let settled = self.settled_count();
         for b in (0..self.blocks.len()).rev() {
             if self.work.joined >= JOIN_PIECES_PER_CALL {
@@ -243,9 +257,10 @@ impl AreaPreview {
                 joined.extend(p.shown.elements().iter().copied());
             }
             self.work.joined += pieces.len();
-            self.blocks[b] = Block { path: joined, stale: false };
+            self.blocks[b] = Block { path: Arc::new(joined), stale: false };
         }
-        let mut out: Vec<BezPath> = self.blocks.iter().filter(|b| !b.path.elements().is_empty()).map(|b| b.path.clone()).collect();
+        let settled_paths = self.blocks.iter().filter(|b| !b.path.elements().is_empty()).map(|b| Arc::clone(&b.path)).collect();
+        let mut out = vec![];
         if let Some(p) = self.pieces.get(settled).filter(|p| !p.shown.elements().is_empty()) {
             out.push(p.shown.clone());
         }
@@ -261,7 +276,7 @@ impl AreaPreview {
             }
             out.push(guide);
         }
-        out
+        AreaPaths { settled: settled_paths, live: out }
     }
 
     /// How many pieces no longer grow: all of them but a last one with room for more segments.
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/tests.rs b/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/tests.rs
index b62226692a..4db9310c79 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/tests.rs
@@ -2450,11 +2450,111 @@ fn the_blob_brush_and_the_eraser_outline_a_long_drag_a_bounded_amount_per_frame(
     }
 }
 
+/// The settled paths of the outline of a long Blob Brush or Eraser drag (each the outline of up
+/// to `BLOCK_PIECES` pieces) come back from one call to the next, at any zoom, as the same shared
+/// paths, which the host draws again without copying or flattening them. A step of the drag
+/// replaces only the paths of the pieces near it.
+#[test]
+fn the_settled_outline_of_a_long_drag_is_the_same_shared_path_each_frame() {
+    let (d, _) = doc_with_rect();
+    let s = Selection::default();
+    let p = paint();
+    let cx = ToolContext { precise_cursors: true, ..cx(&d, &s, &p) };
+    let settled = |o: &[Overlay]| -> Vec<std::sync::Arc<BezPath>> {
+        o.iter().filter_map(|o| if let Overlay::SharedPath { path, .. } = o { Some(std::sync::Arc::clone(path)) } else { None }).collect()
+    };
+    let kept = |was: &[std::sync::Arc<BezPath>], now: &[std::sync::Arc<BezPath>]| {
+        now.iter().filter(|n| was.iter().any(|w| std::sync::Arc::ptr_eq(w, n))).count()
+    };
+    for (id, angle, roundness, pressure) in
+        [("blobBrush", 0.0, 100.0, false), ("eraser", -60.0, 30.0, false), ("blobBrush", 0.0, 100.0, true), ("eraser", 45.0, 50.0, true)]
+    {
+        let mut t = GestureTool::new(id);
+        t.set_option("size", &json!(10));
+        t.set_option("angle", &json!(angle));
+        t.set_option("roundness", &json!(roundness));
+        if pressure {
+            t.set_option("sizeMode", &json!("pressure"));
+            t.set_option("sizeVariation", &json!(4));
+        }
+        let n = if pressure { 3000 } else { 6000 };
+        long_area_drag(&mut t, &cx, n, |i| if pressure { 0.3 + 0.6 * ((i % 50) as f32 / 50.0) } else { 1.0 });
+        drain_area(&t, &cx);
+        let first = settled(&t.overlays(&cx));
+        assert!(first.len() > 1, "{id}: {} settled paths", first.len());
+        for zoom in [1.0, 4.0, 1.0] {
+            let again = settled(&t.overlays(&ToolContext { zoom, ..cx }));
+            assert_eq!(again.len(), first.len(), "{id}");
+            assert_eq!(kept(&first, &again), first.len(), "{id}: at zoom {zoom}, every settled path is the one shown before");
+        }
+        // One step more along the drag: with Size set to Pressure each path holds 64 one-segment
+        // pieces, part of one turn of the drag, and the paths far from the step stay the ones shown
+        // before. (Without it a path holds 64 pieces of 32 segments, many turns round the circle.)
+        if !pressure {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let s = n as f64;
+        let r = 150.0 + 100.0 * (s * 0.0071).sin();
+        let (x, y) = (300.0 + r * (s * 0.04).cos(), 300.0 + r * (s * 0.04).sin());
+        t.pointer(&cx, &PointerEvent { pressure: 0.5, ..PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Drag, x, y) });
+        drain_area(&t, &cx);
+        let after = settled(&t.overlays(&cx));
+        let replaced = after.len() - kept(&first, &after);
+        assert!((1..=8).contains(&replaced), "{id}: {replaced} of {} settled paths replaced", after.len());
+    }
+}
+
+/// The outline a Blob Brush or Eraser drag shows does not change what its release sends: the same
+/// drag sends the same command whether or not its outline was drawn along the way.
+#[test]
+fn drawing_the_outline_of_a_drag_does_not_change_what_its_release_sends() {
+    let (d, _) = doc_with_rect();
+    let s = Selection::default();
+    let p = paint();
+    let cx = ToolContext { precise_cursors: true, ..cx(&d, &s, &p) };
+    for (id, angle, roundness, pressure) in
+        [("blobBrush", 0.0, 100.0, false), ("blobBrush", 30.0, 40.0, true), ("eraser", -60.0, 30.0, false), ("eraser", 45.0, 50.0, true)]
+    {
+        let release = |drawn: bool| {
+            let mut t = GestureTool::new(id);
+            t.set_option("size", &json!(10));
+            t.set_option("angle", &json!(angle));
+            t.set_option("roundness", &json!(roundness));
+            if pressure {
+                t.set_option("sizeMode", &json!("pressure"));
+                t.set_option("sizeVariation", &json!(4));
+            }
+            for i in 0..800 {
+                let s = i as f64;
+                let r = 150.0 + 100.0 * (s * 0.0071).sin();
+                let (x, y) = (300.0 + r * (s * 0.04).cos(), 300.0 + r * (s * 0.04).sin());
+                let kind = if i == 0 { PointerKind::Down } else { PointerKind::Drag };
+                let pressure = if pressure { 0.3 + 0.6 * ((i % 50) as f32 / 50.0) } else { 1.0 };
+                t.pointer(&cx, &PointerEvent { pressure, ..PointerEvent::new(kind, x, y) });
+                if drawn {
+                    t.overlays(&cx);
+                }
+            }
+            if drawn {
+                drain_area(&t, &cx);
+            }
+            t.pointer(&cx, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Up, 300.0, 300.0))
+        };
+        let (drawn, not_drawn) = (release(true), release(false));
+        assert!(matches!(drawn.first(), Some(Action::Exec(..))), "{id}: {drawn:?}");
+        assert_eq!(drawn, not_drawn, "{id}");
+    }
+}
+
 /// Every flattened point of the paths `o` (the outline shown).
 fn shown_points(o: &[Overlay]) -> Vec<(Point, Point)> {
     let mut lines = vec![];
     for o in o {
-        let Overlay::Path { path, .. } = o else { continue };
+        let path = match o {
+            Overlay::Path { path, .. } => path,
+            Overlay::SharedPath { path, .. } => &**path,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
         let mut pen = Point::ZERO;
         let mut start = Point::ZERO;
         vectorcraft_geom::kurbo::flatten(path.elements().iter().copied(), 0.01, |el| match el {
@@ -2541,7 +2641,11 @@ fn a_long_jump_in_a_blob_brush_drag_is_outlined_a_bounded_amount_at_a_time() {
     let o = t.overlays(&cx);
     let b = o
         .iter()
-        .filter_map(|o| if let Overlay::Path { path, .. } = o { Some(vectorcraft_geom::Shape::bounding_box(path)) } else { None })
+        .filter_map(|o| match o {
+            Overlay::Path { path, .. } => Some(vectorcraft_geom::Shape::bounding_box(path)),
+            Overlay::SharedPath { path, .. } => Some(vectorcraft_geom::Shape::bounding_box(&**path)),
+            _ => None,
+        })
         .reduce(|a, b| a.union(b));
     let Some(b) = b else { panic!("{o:?}") };
     assert!((b.x0 + 0.5).abs() < 0.01 && (b.x1 - 20_000.5).abs() < 0.01, "{b:?}");
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/lib.rs b/crates/tools/src/lib.rs
index 93f71431c1..9edf18e84d 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/lib.rs
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ pub enum Overlay {
     SelectionMarquee { rect: Rect, enclosed: bool, pointer: Point },
     /// A path preview (e.g. pen rubber band) in a colour (RGB).
     Path { path: BezPath, color: [u8; 3], width: f32, dashed: bool },
+    /// A solid path preview that later calls return again, as the same shared `path`, for as long
+    /// as it does not change (the settled outline of a long Blob Brush or Eraser drag). The host
+    /// can keep what it built to draw it while `path` is the same allocation.
+    SharedPath { path: std::sync::Arc<BezPath>, color: [u8; 3], width: f32 },
     /// A line segment (smart guide, handle line).
     Line { a: Point, b: Point, color: [u8; 3], dashed: bool },
     /// An anchor square: filled = selected.
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/pathtype.rs b/crates/tools/src/pathtype.rs
index 9f888de6cb..e54e23b7a7 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/pathtype.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/pathtype.rs
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ pub struct Brackets {
     arc: ArcPath,
     /// [`TextKind::path_span`].
     span: (f64, f64),
+    /// [`TextKind::path_text_start`]: below 0 when the type starts before an open path's start.
+    text_start: f64,
     /// The end bracket was placed (not the end of the path, or once round it).
     end_set: bool,
 }
@@ -78,7 +80,9 @@ impl Brackets {
         if !det.is_finite() || det.abs() < 1e-12 || arc.is_empty() {
             return None;
         }
-        Some(Self { id, xf: t.xf, arc, span: t.kind.path_span()?, end_set: end.is_some() })
+        let span = t.kind.path_span()?;
+        let text_start = t.kind.path_text_start().unwrap_or(span.0);
+        Some(Self { id, xf: t.xf, arc, span, text_start, end_set: end.is_some() })
     }
 
     /// Where bracket `b` stands, as a fraction of the path's length (past 1 round a closed path).
@@ -269,7 +273,13 @@ impl BracketDrag {
                     d -= d.round();
                 }
                 let place = |x: f64| if closed { x.rem_euclid(1.0) } else { x.clamp(0.0, 1.0) };
-                let start = place(s + d);
+                // Type that starts before an open path's start slides from there, and goes no
+                // further before the path than it was: both brackets stay where they are.
+                let lead = !closed && b.text_start < 0.0;
+                if lead {
+                    d = d.max(0.0);
+                }
+                let start = if lead { (b.text_start + d).min(1.0) } else { place(s + d) };
                 m.insert("start".into(), json!(start));
                 if b.end_set {
                     m.insert("end".into(), json!(if closed { place(e + d) } else { place(e + d).max(start) }));
@@ -409,6 +419,35 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(v.get("flip").is_none(), "{v}");
     }
 
+    /// Type that starts before its open path slides from where it starts, not from the path's start.
+    #[test]
+    fn dragging_the_center_bracket_slides_type_that_starts_before_the_path() {
+        let (mut d, id) = doc_with_path_type();
+        if let Some(vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(id).map(|n| &mut n.kind)
+            && let TextKind::OnPath { start, .. } = &mut t.kind
+        {
+            *start = -0.25;
+        }
+        let s = selected(id);
+        let p = paint();
+        let cx = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        // The center bracket stands in the middle of the brackets (the start bracket at the path's start).
+        let v = preview(&drag(&cx, Point::new(250.0, 295.0), Point::new(280.0, 295.0), Mods::default())).clone();
+        assert!((v["start"].as_f64().unwrap() + 0.15).abs() < 1e-6, "{v}");
+        // Back past where it started: it stays there, and so does a placed end bracket.
+        let v = preview(&drag(&cx, Point::new(250.0, 295.0), Point::new(150.0, 295.0), Mods::default())).clone();
+        assert!((v["start"].as_f64().unwrap() + 0.25).abs() < 1e-6, "{v}");
+        if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(id).map(|n| &mut n.kind)
+            && let TextKind::OnPath { end, .. } = &mut t.kind
+        {
+            *end = Some(0.5);
+        }
+        let ended = crate::testutil::cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        // The center bracket stands at 0.25 of the path, between the start bracket (0) and the end.
+        let v = preview(&drag(&ended, Point::new(175.0, 295.0), Point::new(130.0, 295.0), Mods::default())).clone();
+        assert!((v["start"].as_f64().unwrap() + 0.25).abs() < 1e-6 && (v["end"].as_f64().unwrap() - 0.5).abs() < 1e-6, "{v}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn dragging_the_start_and_end_brackets_moves_them() {
         let (d, id) = doc_with_path_type();
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/touchtype.rs b/crates/tools/src/touchtype.rs
index d195f276e4..ba8d0b1488 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/touchtype.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/touchtype.rs
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ fn is_inline(lay: &TextLayout, gi: usize) -> bool {
 /// inline graphics, glyphs whose font is gone and type whose transform is collapsed.
 fn char_box(t: &TextObject, lay: &TextLayout, gi: usize) -> Option<CharBox> {
     let g: &PositionedGlyph = lay.glyphs.get(gi)?;
-    if is_inline(lay, gi) {
+    if is_inline(lay, gi) || g.off_path {
         return None;
     }
     let m = g.xf;
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ fn char_box(t: &TextObject, lay: &TextLayout, gi: usize) -> Option<CharBox> {
     let corners: Vec<Point> = lay
         .glyphs
         .iter()
-        .filter(|h| h.byte == g.byte && h.len > 0 && h.line == g.line)
+        .filter(|h| h.byte == g.byte && h.len > 0 && h.line == g.line && !h.off_path)
         .filter_map(glyph_quad)
         .flatten()
         .map(|p| to_glyph * p)
@@ -218,7 +218,8 @@ impl TouchTypeTool {
         let selected = std::iter::successors(Some(id), |c| cx.doc.parent_of(*c)).any(|c| cx.selection.contains(c));
         let t = text_of(cx, id).filter(|_| selected)?;
         let lay = self.layout(t);
-        let gi = lay.glyphs.iter().position(|g| g.byte <= start && start < g.byte + g.len)?;
+        // The character's first drawn glyph: glyphs before an open path's start are not drawn.
+        let gi = lay.glyphs.iter().position(|g| g.byte <= start && start < g.byte + g.len && !g.off_path)?;
         Some((id, t, char_box(t, &lay, gi)?))
     }
 
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ impl TouchTypeTool {
         let lay = self.layout(t);
         let local = t.xf.inverse() * p;
         let boxes: Vec<(usize, [Point; 4])> = (lay.glyphs.iter().enumerate())
-            .filter(|(gi, g)| g.len > 0 && !is_inline(&lay, *gi))
+            .filter(|(gi, g)| g.len > 0 && !g.off_path && !is_inline(&lay, *gi))
             .filter_map(|(_, g)| Some((g.byte, glyph_quad(g)?)))
             .collect();
         let center = |q: &[Point; 4]| q[0].midpoint(q[2]);
@@ -360,7 +361,9 @@ impl Tool for TouchTypeTool {
                         let Some(t) = text_of(cx, id) else { return out };
                         let lay = self.layout(t);
                         let start = self.target.map_or(0, |(_, s)| s);
-                        let Some(b) = lay.glyphs.iter().position(|g| g.byte == start && g.len > 0).and_then(|gi| char_box(t, &lay, gi)) else {
+                        // The character's first drawn glyph: glyphs before an open path's start are not drawn.
+                        let first = lay.glyphs.iter().position(|g| g.byte == start && g.len > 0 && !g.off_path);
+                        let Some(b) = first.and_then(|gi| char_box(t, &lay, gi)) else {
                             return out;
                         };
                         (Part::Move, b)
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/touchtype/tests.rs b/crates/tools/src/touchtype/tests.rs
index 3b551950d1..54c6c86e30 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/touchtype/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/touchtype/tests.rs
@@ -388,6 +388,60 @@ fn the_box_of_a_character_drawn_with_two_glyphs_holds_both() {
     }
 }
 
+/// A character of type on an open path that is not drawn, because it falls before the path's
+/// start, has no box, so the tool shows no handles for it; a drawn character of the same type has
+/// one.
+#[test]
+fn a_character_before_an_open_paths_start_has_no_box() {
+    let mut d = Document::new(600.0, 500.0);
+    let l = d.layers[0].id;
+    let id = d.alloc_id();
+    let mut text = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "Type", CharStyle { size: 40.0, ..Default::default() });
+    let line =
+        vectorcraft_geom::PathData::new(vec![vectorcraft_geom::SubPath::polyline(&[Point::new(100.0, 200.0), Point::new(500.0, 200.0)], false)]);
+    text.kind = vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::OnPath { path: line, start: -0.05, end: None };
+    d.insert(Some(l), 0, Node::new(id, NodeKind::Text(Box::new(text.clone())))).unwrap();
+    let mut s = Selection::default();
+    s.add(id);
+    let p = paint();
+    let cx = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(FontDb::global(), &text);
+    assert!(lay.glyphs[0].off_path && !lay.glyphs[1].off_path, "the T is before the path's start, the y is on it");
+    assert!(char_box(&text, &lay, 0).is_none());
+    assert!(TouchTypeTool { target: Some((id, 0)), ..Default::default() }.current(&cx).is_none());
+    assert!(TouchTypeTool { target: Some((id, 1)), ..Default::default() }.current(&cx).is_some());
+    // An All Caps ß is two glyphs: with the first before the path's start and the second drawn, the
+    // character has the second's box.
+    let mut caps = text.clone();
+    caps.runs = vec![vectorcraft_doc::TextRun::new("ße", CharStyle { size: 40.0, all_caps: true, ..Default::default() })];
+    if let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::OnPath { start, .. } = &mut caps.kind {
+        *start = 0.0;
+    }
+    let adv = vectorcraft_text::layout(FontDb::global(), &caps).glyphs[0].advance;
+    if let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::OnPath { start, .. } = &mut caps.kind {
+        *start = -1.2 * adv / 400.0;
+    }
+    let mut d = Document::new(600.0, 500.0);
+    let l = d.layers[0].id;
+    let id = d.alloc_id();
+    d.insert(Some(l), 0, Node::new(id, NodeKind::Text(Box::new(caps.clone())))).unwrap();
+    let mut s = Selection::default();
+    s.add(id);
+    let cx = crate::testutil::cx(&d, &s, &p);
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(FontDb::global(), &caps);
+    assert!(lay.glyphs[0].byte == 0 && lay.glyphs[1].byte == 0 && lay.glyphs[0].off_path && !lay.glyphs[1].off_path);
+    let t = TouchTypeTool { target: Some((id, 0)), ..Default::default() };
+    let (_, _, b) = t.current(&cx).expect("the ß has a box");
+    assert!((b.pen - lay.glyphs[1].xf * Point::ZERO).hypot() < 1e-9, "{:?}", b.pen);
+    // A press on its drawn glyph, on the path, starts a drag of it.
+    let q = glyph_quad(&lay.glyphs[1]).unwrap();
+    let at = Point::new(q[0].midpoint(q[2]).x, 200.0);
+    assert!(in_quad(&q, at), "{at:?} {q:?}");
+    let mut t = TouchTypeTool::default();
+    let acts = drag(&mut t, &cx, at, at + Vec2::new(0.0, -5.0));
+    assert_eq!(preview(&acts[1])["start"], 0, "{:?}", acts[1]);
+}
+
 /// A glyph skewed by its transform (the Skew effect of type on a path) keeps its own box.
 #[test]
 fn a_skewed_glyph_keeps_its_own_box() {
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/xform/transform.rs b/crates/tools/src/xform/transform.rs
index 395b235e4a..1cbf1cac53 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/xform/transform.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/xform/transform.rs
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@
 //! while hovering, so transforms pivot exactly on a corner. A drag starts from the point it grabbed
 //! snapped the same way, and the pointer snaps as a drawn point does (Smart Guides: the other
 //! objects' anchors, centres and edges; or the grid, pixels, Snap to Point), so a corner dragged
-//! onto another object's anchor scales exactly onto it.
+//! onto another object's anchor scales exactly onto it. Scale stretches along the bounding box's
+//! own width and height, turned with rotated objects until Reset Bounding Box; Reflect's default
+//! axis is the box's vertical one, and Shift constrains a drawn axis to 45° steps from the box.
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_doc::NodeId;
+use vectorcraft_doc::{NodeId, OrientedBox};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Point, Rect, Vec2};
 
 use super::target_overlays;
@@ -68,9 +70,28 @@ struct Drag {
     /// Alt was down at the press: a click opens the dialog, a drag transforms a copy.
     alt: bool,
     bounds: Rect,
+    /// The angle of the selection's bounding box: Scale and Reflect act along its axes
+    /// ([`TransformTool::matrix_in`]).
+    angle: f64,
+    /// Anchors are selected with Direct Selection: they transform alone along the page's axes,
+    /// and a copy or a pattern-only drag transforms the whole objects along the box
+    /// ([`Drag::angle_for`]).
+    anchors: bool,
+    /// The snapped pointer and Shift at the last drag event, to work out the transform again
+    /// when the Alt state at the release changes what it transforms.
+    pointer: Point,
+    shift: bool,
     last: Affine,
 }
 
+impl Drag {
+    /// The angle Scale and Reflect act along, for a drag that copies (`copy`) or not, and that
+    /// transforms only pattern tiles (`patterns_only`, the backquote key) or not.
+    fn angle_for(&self, copy: bool, patterns_only: bool) -> f64 {
+        if self.anchors && !copy && !patterns_only { 0.0 } else { self.angle }
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct TransformTool {
     kind: TransformKind,
     /// Custom reference point and the selection it was set for.
@@ -125,6 +146,16 @@ impl TransformTool {
 
     /// Transform for dragging from `start` to `p` about `o`; returns the matrix and a readout.
     pub fn matrix_for(&self, o: Point, start: Point, p: Point, shift: bool, bounds: Rect) -> (Affine, String) {
+        self.matrix_in(0.0, o, start, p, shift, bounds)
+    }
+
+    /// [`TransformTool::matrix_for`] with the bounding box turned by `angle` (counter-clockwise
+    /// degrees): Scale stretches along the box's own width and height, and Reflect's default axis
+    /// and Shift's 45° steps start from the box's axes. A Reflect axis drawn by the drag is the
+    /// line the pointer draws on the page.
+    pub fn matrix_in(&self, angle: f64, o: Point, start: Point, p: Point, shift: bool, bounds: Rect) -> (Affine, String) {
+        let frame = OrientedBox { angle, rect: Rect::ZERO };
+        let local = |v: Vec2| frame.to_doc().inverse() * v.to_point();
         match self.kind {
             TransformKind::Rotate => {
                 let (a, deg) = rotate_for_drag(o, start, p, shift);
@@ -132,15 +163,17 @@ impl TransformTool {
             }
             TransformKind::Reflect => {
                 let mut v = p - o;
-                if shift {
-                    v = vectorcraft_geom::constrain_angle(v, 45.0);
+                if v.hypot() < 1e-9 {
+                    v = (frame.to_doc() * Point::new(0.0, 1.0)).to_vec2();
+                } else if shift {
+                    v = (frame.to_doc() * vectorcraft_geom::constrain_angle(local(v).to_vec2(), 45.0).to_point()).to_vec2();
                 }
-                let theta = if v.hypot() < 1e-9 { std::f64::consts::FRAC_PI_2 } else { v.y.atan2(v.x) };
+                let theta = v.y.atan2(v.x);
                 (reflect_matrix(o, theta), format!("{:.1}°", vectorcraft_geom::normalize_deg(-theta.to_degrees())))
             }
             TransformKind::Scale => {
-                let d0 = start - o;
-                let d1 = p - o;
+                let d0 = local(start - o).to_vec2();
+                let d1 = local(p - o).to_vec2();
                 let ratio = |a: f64, b: f64| if a.abs() > 1e-6 { b / a } else { 1.0 };
                 let (mut sx, mut sy) = (ratio(d0.x, d1.x), ratio(d0.y, d1.y));
                 if shift {
@@ -151,7 +184,7 @@ impl TransformTool {
                 }
                 let clamp = |s: f64| if s.abs() < 1e-4 { 1e-4f64.copysign(s) } else { s };
                 let (sx, sy) = (clamp(sx), clamp(sy));
-                (about(o, Affine::scale_non_uniform(sx, sy)), format!("W: {:.1}%\nH: {:.1}%", sx * 100.0, sy * 100.0))
+                (about(o, frame.conjugate(Affine::scale_non_uniform(sx, sy))), format!("W: {:.1}%\nH: {:.1}%", sx * 100.0, sy * 100.0))
             }
             TransformKind::Shear => {
                 // The shear axis follows the dominant drag direction. Shift keeps the drag on that
@@ -227,7 +260,21 @@ impl Tool for TransformTool {
                 // Alt: decided on release. A click sets the point and opens the dialog; a drag
                 // transforms a copy about the reference point as it was.
                 let origin = self.reference_point(cx).unwrap_or(bounds.center());
-                self.drag = Some(Drag { start: p, pick, origin, began: false, alt: ev.mods.alt, bounds, last: Affine::IDENTITY });
+                let anchors = vectorcraft_effects::preview::anchor_bounds_with(cx.selection, cx.doc, cx.bounds_measure()).is_some();
+                let angle = selection_box(cx).map_or(0.0, |b| b.angle);
+                self.drag = Some(Drag {
+                    start: p,
+                    pick,
+                    origin,
+                    began: false,
+                    alt: ev.mods.alt,
+                    bounds,
+                    angle,
+                    anchors,
+                    pointer: p,
+                    shift: false,
+                    last: Affine::IDENTITY,
+                });
                 vec![]
             }
             PointerKind::Drag => {
@@ -247,8 +294,8 @@ impl Tool for TransformTool {
                 }
                 let (p, guides) = self.snap.as_ref().map_or((p, vec![]), |s| s.snap(cx, p));
                 self.hover = guides;
-                let (m, text) = self.matrix_for(d.origin, d.pick, p, ev.mods.shift, d.bounds);
-                d.last = m;
+                let (m, text) = self.matrix_in(d.angle_for(ev.mods.alt, ev.backquote), d.origin, d.pick, p, ev.mods.shift, d.bounds);
+                (d.last, d.pointer, d.shift) = (m, p, ev.mods.shift);
                 self.drag = Some(d);
                 self.measure = Some((p, text));
                 out.push(preview(m, ev.mods.alt, ev.backquote));
@@ -257,8 +304,15 @@ impl Tool for TransformTool {
             PointerKind::Up => {
                 let Some(d) = self.end_drag() else { return vec![] };
                 if d.began {
-                    // The Alt state at release decides whether the result is a copy.
-                    vec![preview(d.last, ev.mods.alt, ev.backquote), Action::Commit]
+                    // The Alt and backquote states at release decide whether the result is a copy
+                    // or moves only pattern tiles, and with anchors selected, whether it acts
+                    // along the box or the page.
+                    let m = if d.anchors {
+                        self.matrix_in(d.angle_for(ev.mods.alt, ev.backquote), d.origin, d.pick, d.pointer, d.shift, d.bounds).0
+                    } else {
+                        d.last
+                    };
+                    vec![preview(m, ev.mods.alt, ev.backquote), Action::Commit]
                 } else {
                     // A click sets the reference point; with Alt, it opens the dialog too.
                     self.origin = Some((d.pick, cx.selection.objects.clone()));
@@ -579,6 +633,70 @@ mod tests {
         assert!((m * Point::new(100.0, 120.0)).distance(Point::new(200.0, 120.0)) < 1e-9);
     }
 
+    /// With the selection turned by 30°, a Scale drag stretches along the box's own sides, and
+    /// Reflect's default axis and Shift steps start from the box's axes while a drawn axis stays
+    /// the line drawn on the page.
+    #[test]
+    fn scale_and_reflect_drags_follow_a_turned_bounding_box() {
+        let (mut d, id) = doc_with_rect();
+        let c = Point::new(150.0, 150.0);
+        d.node_mut(id).unwrap().transform(about(c, Affine::rotate(-30f64.to_radians())), false);
+        let mut s = Selection::default();
+        s.add(id);
+        let p = paint();
+        let mut cx = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        (cx.smart_guides, cx.snap_to_point) = (false, false);
+        let frame = OrientedBox { angle: 30.0, rect: Rect::ZERO };
+        let along = |x: f64, y: f64| c + (frame.to_doc() * Point::new(x, y)).to_vec2();
+        // The right side's middle dragged out to twice its distance: the width doubles along the
+        // box, and the height stays.
+        let mut t = TransformTool::new(TransformKind::Scale);
+        let (from, to) = (along(50.0, 0.0), along(100.0, 0.0));
+        t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Down, from.x, from.y));
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, to.x, to.y));
+        let m = matrix(&a[1]);
+        assert!((m * along(50.0, 50.0)).distance(along(100.0, 50.0)) < 1e-9, "{m:?}");
+        assert!((m * along(0.0, 50.0)).distance(along(0.0, 50.0)) < 1e-9, "{m:?}");
+        assert!(a.iter().any(|x| matches!(x, Action::Preview(..))));
+
+        let t = TransformTool::new(TransformKind::Reflect);
+        // No axis drawn: the box's vertical axis.
+        let (m, _) = t.matrix_in(30.0, c, c, c, false, Rect::ZERO);
+        assert!((m * along(40.0, 10.0)).distance(along(-40.0, 10.0)) < 1e-9, "{m:?}");
+        // Shift: 39° from the box's horizontal axis steps to 45° from it.
+        let (m, text) = t.matrix_in(30.0, c, c, along(10.0, 8.0), true, Rect::ZERO);
+        assert!((m * along(10.0, 0.0)).distance(along(0.0, 10.0)) < 1e-9, "{m:?}");
+        assert_eq!(text, "-15.0°");
+        // A drawn axis is the line on the page.
+        let (m, _) = t.matrix_in(30.0, c, c, c + Vec2::new(0.0, -50.0), false, Rect::ZERO);
+        assert!((m * Point::new(100.0, 120.0)).distance(Point::new(200.0, 120.0)) < 1e-9, "{m:?}");
+
+        // Anchors selected with Direct Selection scale alone along the page's axes; Alt at the
+        // release copies the whole object, which scales along its box.
+        let mut s = s.clone();
+        s.anchors.insert(id, [(0, 0), (0, 1)].into());
+        let mut cx = crate::testutil::cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        (cx.smart_guides, cx.snap_to_point) = (false, false);
+        let page_axes = |m: Affine| m.as_coeffs()[1].abs() < 1e-9 && m.as_coeffs()[2].abs() < 1e-9;
+        let (from, to) = (along(50.0, 0.0), along(100.0, 30.0));
+        for copy in [false, true] {
+            let mut t = TransformTool::new(TransformKind::Scale);
+            t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Down, from.x, from.y));
+            let a = t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, to.x, to.y));
+            assert!(page_axes(matrix(&a[1])), "{a:?}");
+            let up = t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Up, to.x, to.y).with_mods(if copy { alt() } else { Mods::default() }));
+            assert_eq!(page_axes(matrix(&up[0])), !copy, "copy {copy}: {up:?}");
+        }
+        // With the backquote key the drag moves only the whole objects' pattern tiles, which
+        // scale along the box, both while dragging and at the release.
+        let mut t = TransformTool::new(TransformKind::Scale);
+        t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Down, from.x, from.y));
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx, &PointerEvent { backquote: true, ..ev(PointerKind::Drag, to.x, to.y) });
+        assert!(!page_axes(matrix(&a[1])), "{a:?}");
+        let up = t.pointer(&cx, &PointerEvent { backquote: true, ..ev(PointerKind::Up, to.x, to.y) });
+        assert!(!page_axes(matrix(&up[0])), "{up:?}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn shear_horizontal_keeps_origin_row() {
         let t = TransformTool::new(TransformKind::Shear);
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/addons/pathtools/corner.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/addons/pathtools/corner.rs
index ace9be954c..58cc95882d 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/addons/pathtools/corner.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/addons/pathtools/corner.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const FIELD_W: f32 = 96.0;
 
 /// Object › Plug-ins › Path Precision Tools › Corner Tool.
 pub fn open(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> Result<Value, String> {
-    app.select_tool(ID);
+    app.try_select_tool(ID)?;
     crate::panel_docking::reveal_panel(app, super::ID)
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/addons/pathtools/shared_edge.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/addons/pathtools/shared_edge.rs
index d682aad776..57254e1aec 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/addons/pathtools/shared_edge.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/addons/pathtools/shared_edge.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const LABEL_W: f32 = 80.0;
 
 /// Object › Plug-ins › Path Precision Tools › Shared Edge Merge Tool.
 pub fn open(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> Result<Value, String> {
-    app.select_tool(ID);
+    app.try_select_tool(ID)?;
     crate::panel_docking::reveal_panel(app, super::ID)
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/app.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/app.rs
index 412dbcb4ef..f708d0f454 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/app.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/app.rs
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
                 hidden_chars: Default::default(),
                 spelling: Default::default(),
                 selection_marks: Default::default(),
+                shared_paths: Default::default(),
                 selection_box: None,
                 selection_bounds: None,
                 content_bounds: None,
@@ -184,6 +185,8 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
             host_iteration: 0,
             #[cfg(test)]
             now_override: None,
+            #[cfg(test)]
+            fail_next_tool_choice: None,
             tick_iteration: None,
             input_frames: vec![],
             shortcuts_frames: vec![],
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/app/commands.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/app/commands.rs
index 6d40499106..8cf742e499 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/app/commands.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/app/commands.rs
@@ -406,34 +406,54 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Select a tool (also used by the toolbar and shortcuts).
+    /// Select a tool (also used by the toolbar and shortcuts). A choice that fails shows its error
+    /// in the status bar.
     pub fn select_tool(&mut self, id: &str) {
+        if let Err(e) = self.try_select_tool(id) {
+            self.ui.status = e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Select a tool for a command ([`Self::select_tool`]): a choice that fails returns its error,
+    /// and the tool remembered for the toolbar group and for the Touch workspace's drawing mode
+    /// stays as it was.
+    pub(crate) fn try_select_tool(&mut self, id: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
         // The tip of a pen whose eraser end selected the Eraser doesn't undo this choice, and
         // neither does letting go of a held tool shortcut.
         self.pen_end.forget_tool();
         self.held_tool.clear();
-        self.activate_tool(id, true);
+        self.activate_tool(id, true)?;
         let now = self.session.tool_id();
         if crate::touch::is_drawing_tool(now) {
             self.ui.touch_drawing_tool = Some(now.to_string());
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Go back to tool `id` after a tool that stood in for it (the pen's eraser end, [`stylus`]):
-    /// a perspective grid hidden meanwhile stays hidden.
+    /// a perspective grid hidden meanwhile stays hidden. A switch that fails shows its error in the
+    /// status bar.
     pub(crate) fn return_to_tool(&mut self, id: &str) {
-        self.activate_tool(id, false);
+        if let Err(e) = self.activate_tool(id, false) {
+            self.ui.status = e;
+        }
     }
 
     /// Make tool `id` active: chosen afresh (`fresh`, [`vectorcraft_engine::Session::select_tool`]),
     /// or back from a tool that stood in for it ([`vectorcraft_engine::Session::switch_tool`]).
-    fn activate_tool(&mut self, id: &str, fresh: bool) {
+    /// The toolbar group remembers `id` only when the switch succeeds.
+    fn activate_tool(&mut self, id: &str, fresh: bool) -> Result<(), String> {
         let v = self.view_info();
         let before = self.session.tool_id();
-        let switched = if fresh { self.session.select_tool(id, v) } else { self.session.switch_tool(id, v) };
-        if let Err(e) = switched {
-            self.ui.status = e.to_string();
-        }
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        let failed = self.fail_next_tool_choice.take();
+        #[cfg(not(test))]
+        let failed: Option<String> = None;
+        let switched = match failed {
+            Some(e) => Err(e),
+            None if fresh => self.session.select_tool(id, v).map_err(|e| e.to_string()),
+            None => self.session.switch_tool(id, v).map_err(|e| e.to_string()),
+        };
         if before != self.session.tool_id() {
             // A control gesture cannot resume after another tool has owned the pointer.
             self.control_rotate_press = None;
@@ -445,13 +465,15 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
         {
             panels::artboards::select(self, panels::artboards::selected(self, n));
         }
+        self.ui.flyout = None;
+        switched?;
         if let Some(g) = vectorcraft_tools::catalog::group_of(id)
             && let Some(slot) = self.ui.group_tool.get_mut(g)
         {
             *slot = id.to_string();
         }
         toolbar::remember(self, id);
-        self.ui.flyout = None;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Show a transient status message.
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/caches.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/caches.rs
index 8c6d669e14..ae2ddc5dae 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/caches.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/caches.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ pub struct CanvasCache {
     /// The selected objects' outlines, anchors and handles as drawn in the last frame. A frame that
     /// does not draw them drops them ([`canvas::show`]).
     pub selection_marks: canvas::SelectionMarks,
+    /// The meshes the tools' shared paths (a long Blob Brush or Eraser drag's settled outline) were
+    /// drawn with in the last frame. A frame that does not draw them drops them ([`canvas::show`]).
+    pub shared_paths: canvas::SharedPaths,
     /// [`VectorcraftApp::selection_box`] for (document uid, revision, Use Preview Bounds and
     /// Measure Type by Glyph Bounds).
     pub selection_box: Option<((u64, u64, vectorcraft_effects::preview::Measure), Option<vectorcraft_doc::OrientedBox>)>,
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs
index 9120fe0cff..7095e6a9ed 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ use input::handle_input;
 use outline::KEY_OUTLINE;
 #[cfg(test)]
 use outline::{OVERLAY_MAX_ANCHORS, c32, node_outline, walk_drawn};
+pub use overlays::SharedPaths;
 #[cfg(test)]
 use overlays::selected_anchor;
 use overlays::{HandleLook, blend_widgets_overlay, draw_inside_overlay, draw_overlays, hover_highlight, ime_geometry, selection_overlay};
@@ -244,6 +245,9 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
     let hidden_chars = std::mem::take(&mut app.canvas.hidden_chars);
     // The selection's kept marks. Likewise, a frame that does not draw them drops them.
     let selection_marks = std::mem::take(&mut app.canvas.selection_marks);
+    // The meshes of the tools' shared paths. Likewise, a frame that does not draw the tools'
+    // overlays drops them.
+    let mut shared_paths = std::mem::take(&mut app.canvas.shared_paths);
     // A release ends the Image Trace panel's eye-button hold, also when the panel is no longer
     // drawn, so a later press elsewhere does not show the source image.
     if app.ui.trace_hold_source.is_some() && !ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_down()) {
@@ -415,7 +419,8 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
         original_path_overlay(app, &painter, &xf);
 
         let overlays = selection_visuals(app, &painter, &xf, (hidden_chars, selection_marks, hover_still), revolve_edit, view_info);
-        draw_overlays(&painter, &xf, &overlays, &t, HandleLook::of(&app.session.prefs));
+        draw_overlays(&painter, &xf, &overlays, &t, HandleLook::of(&app.session.prefs), &mut shared_paths);
+        app.canvas.shared_paths = shared_paths;
         if !revolve_edit {
             shaper_widget_overlay(app, &painter, &xf);
             crate::panels::three_d::paint_graphic_handles(app, &painter, &xf);
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas/overlays.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas/overlays.rs
index 119c811d0b..6e222cc405 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas/overlays.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas/overlays.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use egui::Mesh;
+use egui::epaint::{TessellationOptions, Tessellator};
+
 use super::artboards::names_an_artboard;
 use super::input::marquee_through;
 use super::outline::{KEY_OUTLINE, c32, node_outline, selection_hit_at, stroke_path, to_screen_path, too_many_anchors};
 use super::selection_marks::{MarkOptions, SelectionMarks};
-use super::{Color32, CornerRadius, NodeKind, Overlay, Pos2, Shape, Stroke, StrokeKind, Tokens, VectorcraftApp, Xf, vec2};
+use super::{BezPath, Color32, CornerRadius, NodeKind, Overlay, Pos2, Shape, Stroke, StrokeKind, Tokens, VectorcraftApp, Xf, vec2};
 
 pub(super) fn hover_highlight(app: &VectorcraftApp, p: &egui::Painter, xf: &Xf) {
     let Some(h) = app.hover_doc else { return };
@@ -351,7 +357,75 @@ pub(super) fn ime_geometry(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context, xf: &X
     app.ime_caret_rect = Some((r, r));
 }
 
-pub(super) fn draw_overlays(p: &egui::Painter, xf: &Xf, overlays: &[Overlay], t: &Tokens, look: HandleLook) {
+/// The meshes the tools' shared paths ([`Overlay::SharedPath`]) were drawn with in the last frame
+/// ([`crate::CanvasCache::shared_paths`]). Each is kept with its path, by the path's allocation, and
+/// with the view, clip and stroke it was built for: a path that comes back unchanged at the same view
+/// is drawn with the same mesh, without flattening or tessellating it again. A frame keeps only the
+/// meshes it draws; a frame that draws no overlays drops them all ([`super::show`]).
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct SharedPaths {
+    pub(super) meshes: HashMap<usize, SharedMesh>,
+}
+
+pub(super) struct SharedMesh {
+    /// Held so that the allocation, the key of the map, is not reused while the mesh is kept.
+    path: Arc<BezPath>,
+    key: SharedKey,
+    pub(super) mesh: Arc<Mesh>,
+}
+
+/// What a shared path's mesh depends on besides the path.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+struct SharedKey {
+    /// The view's mapping onto the screen ([`Xf::affine`]).
+    view: [f64; 6],
+    /// The painter's clip: the lines of the path outside it have no triangles in the mesh.
+    clip: egui::Rect,
+    stroke: Stroke,
+    pixels_per_point: f32,
+    tessellation: TessellationOptions,
+}
+
+impl SharedPaths {
+    /// The mesh that draws `path` with `s` at the view `xf` with the painter `p`: the one kept in
+    /// this frame or in `last` (the last frame's) when it was built for the same, else a new one.
+    /// It is kept for the next frame.
+    fn mesh(&mut self, last: &mut HashMap<usize, SharedMesh>, path: &Arc<BezPath>, xf: &Xf, s: Stroke, p: &egui::Painter) -> Arc<Mesh> {
+        let ctx = p.ctx();
+        let key = SharedKey {
+            view: xf.affine().as_coeffs(),
+            clip: p.clip_rect(),
+            stroke: s,
+            pixels_per_point: ctx.pixels_per_point(),
+            tessellation: ctx.tessellation_options(|o| *o),
+        };
+        let at = Arc::as_ptr(path) as usize;
+        let fits = |m: &SharedMesh| m.key == key && Arc::ptr_eq(&m.path, path);
+        if let Some(kept) = self.meshes.get(&at).filter(|m| fits(m)) {
+            return Arc::clone(&kept.mesh);
+        }
+        let kept = match last.remove(&at).filter(|m| fits(m)) {
+            Some(kept) => kept,
+            None => {
+                let font_image_size = ctx.fonts(|f| f.font_image_size());
+                let mut tessellator = Tessellator::new(key.pixels_per_point, key.tessellation, font_image_size, vec![]);
+                tessellator.set_clip_rect(key.clip);
+                let mut mesh = Mesh::default();
+                for line in to_screen_path(path, xf) {
+                    tessellator.tessellate_shape(Shape::line(line, s), &mut mesh);
+                }
+                SharedMesh { path: Arc::clone(path), key, mesh: Arc::new(mesh) }
+            }
+        };
+        let mesh = Arc::clone(&kept.mesh);
+        self.meshes.insert(at, kept);
+        mesh
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn draw_overlays(p: &egui::Painter, xf: &Xf, overlays: &[Overlay], t: &Tokens, look: HandleLook, shared: &mut SharedPaths) {
+    // The meshes kept from the last frame; those this frame does not draw are dropped.
+    let mut last = std::mem::take(&mut shared.meshes);
     for o in overlays {
         match o {
             // Where the tools select: the document rectangle, turned with the view.
@@ -389,6 +463,12 @@ pub(super) fn draw_overlays(p: &egui::Painter, xf: &Xf, overlays: &[Overlay], t:
                     stroke_path(p, path, xf, s);
                 }
             }
+            Overlay::SharedPath { path, color, width } => {
+                let mesh = shared.mesh(&mut last, path, xf, Stroke::new(*width, c32(*color)), p);
+                if !mesh.is_empty() {
+                    p.add(Shape::mesh(mesh));
+                }
+            }
             Overlay::Line { a, b, color, dashed } => {
                 let s = Stroke::new(1.0, c32(*color));
                 let (a, b) = (xf.to_screen(*a), xf.to_screen(*b));
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas/tests.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas/tests.rs
index 19d575b35b..6e48b0a357 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas/tests.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ fn marquee_feedback_explains_the_rule_and_stays_on_canvas() {
                 &[Overlay::SelectionMarquee { rect: Rect::new(20.0, y - 60.0, 300.0, y), enclosed, pointer: Point::new(315.0, y) }],
                 &t,
                 overlays::HandleLook::of(&prefs),
+                &mut overlays::SharedPaths::default(),
             );
         }
     };
@@ -61,6 +62,89 @@ fn marquee_feedback_explains_the_rule_and_stays_on_canvas() {
     }
 }
 
+/// A tool's shared path ([`Overlay::SharedPath`], the settled outline of a long Blob Brush or Eraser
+/// drag) is drawn with the mesh kept from the last frame while the path and the view stay the same,
+/// and that mesh is the one the plain path draws. Another path, even one with the same elements, or
+/// a new view builds a new mesh, and a frame keeps only the meshes it draws.
+#[test]
+fn a_shared_tool_path_is_drawn_with_the_mesh_kept_while_it_and_the_view_stay() {
+    let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+    crate::theme::install_fonts(&ctx);
+    crate::theme::apply(&ctx, crate::theme::Brightness::MediumDark);
+    let prefs = vectorcraft_engine::Prefs::default();
+    let mut shared = overlays::SharedPaths::default();
+    let frame = |overlays: &[Overlay], zoom: f64, shared: &mut overlays::SharedPaths| {
+        let raw = egui::RawInput { screen_rect: Some(egui::Rect::from_min_size(Pos2::ZERO, vec2(400.0, 300.0))), ..Default::default() };
+        let mut out = ctx.run_ui(raw, |ui| {
+            let t = Tokens::get(ui.ctx());
+            let xf = Xf { rect: ui.max_rect(), zoom, center: Point::new(200.0, 150.0), rot: 0.3 };
+            overlays::draw_overlays(ui.painter(), &xf, overlays, &t, overlays::HandleLook::of(&prefs), shared);
+        });
+        out.textures_delta.clear();
+        out.shapes
+    };
+    let meshes = |shapes: &[egui::epaint::ClippedShape]| -> Vec<std::sync::Arc<egui::Mesh>> {
+        shapes.iter().filter_map(|c| if let Shape::Mesh(m) = &c.shape { Some(std::sync::Arc::clone(m)) } else { None }).collect()
+    };
+    let one = |shapes: Vec<egui::epaint::ClippedShape>| {
+        let found = meshes(&shapes);
+        assert_eq!(found.len(), 1, "one mesh");
+        std::sync::Arc::clone(&found[0])
+    };
+    let mut path = BezPath::new();
+    path.move_to((60.0, 80.0));
+    path.curve_to((120.0, 20.0), (220.0, 260.0), (330.0, 120.0));
+    path.close_path();
+    path.move_to((150.0, 150.0));
+    path.line_to((250.0, 160.0));
+    let a = std::sync::Arc::new(path.clone());
+    let b = std::sync::Arc::new(path.clone());
+    let shared_of = |p: &std::sync::Arc<BezPath>| Overlay::SharedPath { path: std::sync::Arc::clone(p), color: [0x80, 0x80, 0x80], width: 1.0 };
+    let first = one(frame(&[shared_of(&a)], 1.0, &mut shared));
+    assert!(!first.vertices.is_empty());
+    let again = one(frame(&[shared_of(&a)], 1.0, &mut shared));
+    assert!(std::sync::Arc::ptr_eq(&first, &again), "the same path at the same view is drawn with the kept mesh");
+    // The plain path draws the same triangles.
+    let plain = frame(&[Overlay::Path { path: path.clone(), color: [0x80, 0x80, 0x80], width: 1.0, dashed: false }], 1.0, &mut shared);
+    assert!(shared.meshes.is_empty(), "a frame that draws no shared path keeps no mesh");
+    let lines: Vec<_> = plain.into_iter().filter(|c| matches!(c.shape, Shape::Path(_))).collect();
+    assert_eq!(lines.len(), 2, "a line for each subpath");
+    let tessellated = ctx.tessellate(lines, ctx.pixels_per_point());
+    let triangles: Vec<_> = tessellated
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|c| if let egui::epaint::Primitive::Mesh(m) = c.primitive { Some(m) } else { None })
+        .flat_map(|m| m.vertices)
+        .map(|v| (v.pos, v.color))
+        .collect();
+    assert_eq!(triangles, first.vertices.iter().map(|v| (v.pos, v.color)).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    // A dropped mesh, another allocation of the same path and a new view each build a new mesh.
+    let rebuilt = one(frame(&[shared_of(&a)], 1.0, &mut shared));
+    assert!(!std::sync::Arc::ptr_eq(&first, &rebuilt) && *first == *rebuilt);
+    let other = one(frame(&[shared_of(&b)], 1.0, &mut shared));
+    assert!(!std::sync::Arc::ptr_eq(&rebuilt, &other) && *rebuilt == *other);
+    let zoomed = one(frame(&[shared_of(&b)], 2.0, &mut shared));
+    assert!(!std::sync::Arc::ptr_eq(&other, &zoomed) && *other != *zoomed);
+    // Two paths in one frame: each keeps its own mesh, and only those two are kept.
+    let both = meshes(&frame(&[shared_of(&a), shared_of(&b)], 2.0, &mut shared));
+    let both_again = meshes(&frame(&[shared_of(&a), shared_of(&b)], 2.0, &mut shared));
+    assert_eq!(both.len(), 2);
+    assert!(both.iter().zip(&both_again).all(|(x, y)| std::sync::Arc::ptr_eq(x, y)));
+    assert!(std::sync::Arc::ptr_eq(&both[1], &zoomed), "b at zoom 2 was kept from its frame");
+    assert_eq!(shared.meshes.len(), 2);
+    // A path off the canvas gets no triangles and draws nothing, and the lines of one partly off
+    // it are left out of its mesh.
+    let mut far = path.clone();
+    far.apply_affine(vectorcraft_geom::Affine::translate((5000.0, 5000.0)));
+    let far = std::sync::Arc::new(far);
+    assert!(meshes(&frame(&[shared_of(&far)], 1.0, &mut shared)).is_empty());
+    assert!(shared.meshes.values().all(|m| m.mesh.is_empty()) && shared.meshes.len() == 1);
+    let mut half = path.clone();
+    half.move_to((5000.0, 5000.0));
+    half.line_to((5100.0, 5000.0));
+    let half = one(frame(&[shared_of(&std::sync::Arc::new(half))], 1.0, &mut shared));
+    assert_eq!(*half, *first, "the subpath off the canvas adds no triangles");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn subpixel_dock_layout_does_not_change_pointer_document_coordinates() {
     let mut observed = Vec::new();
@@ -1331,6 +1415,64 @@ fn switch_selection_and_drawing_modes_command() {
     }
 }
 
+/// A Switch Selection and Drawing Modes whose tool choice fails returns the error, in both
+/// directions: the tool stays, the drawing tool to return to stays, and no undo step is added.
+#[test]
+fn a_failed_mode_switch_returns_its_error() {
+    let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+    app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 300})).unwrap();
+    app.session.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 40, "y": 40, "width": 30, "height": 20})).unwrap();
+    let undo = |app: &VectorcraftApp| app.session.active().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+    let steps = undo(&app);
+    app.select_tool("rectangle");
+    app.ui.touch_drawing_tool = Some("pen".into());
+    app.fail_next_tool_choice = Some("no switch".into());
+    let r = app.run(crate::touch::TOGGLE_MODE, json!({}));
+    assert!(r.as_ref().is_err_and(|e| e.contains("no switch")), "{r:?}");
+    assert_eq!((app.session.tool_id(), app.ui.touch_drawing_tool.as_deref(), undo(&app)), ("rectangle", Some("pen"), steps), "drawing mode");
+    app.select_tool("selection");
+    app.fail_next_tool_choice = Some("no switch".into());
+    let r = app.run(crate::touch::TOGGLE_MODE, json!({}));
+    assert!(r.as_ref().is_err_and(|e| e.contains("no switch")), "{r:?}");
+    assert_eq!((app.session.tool_id(), app.ui.touch_drawing_tool.as_deref(), undo(&app)), ("selection", Some("pen"), steps), "selection mode");
+    // The next switch works again.
+    assert_eq!(app.run(crate::touch::TOGGLE_MODE, json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"tool": "pen"}));
+    assert_eq!(undo(&app), steps);
+}
+
+/// The commands that choose a tool (Select Tool, Crop Image, and the Path Precision Tools' Corner
+/// Tool and Shared Edge Merge Tool) return the error when the choice fails, and the tool and the
+/// toolbar group's tool stay as they were.
+#[test]
+fn tool_commands_return_a_failed_choice() {
+    let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+    app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 400, "height": 300})).unwrap();
+    let img = image::RgbaImage::from_pixel(20, 10, image::Rgba([200, 120, 40, 255]));
+    let mut png = vec![];
+    img.write_to(&mut std::io::Cursor::new(&mut png), image::ImageFormat::Png).unwrap();
+    let data = vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&png);
+    app.run("file.place", json!({"name": "texture.png", "dataBase64": data, "link": false, "at": [150, 150]})).unwrap();
+    app.select_tool("selection");
+    let group = vectorcraft_tools::catalog::group_of("ellipse").unwrap();
+    let commands = [
+        ("tool.select", json!({"tool": "ellipse"})),
+        ("ui.cropImage", json!({})),
+        (crate::addons::pathtools::corner::COMMAND, json!({})),
+        (crate::addons::pathtools::shared_edge::COMMAND, json!({})),
+    ];
+    for (command, params) in commands {
+        let slot = app.ui.group_tool[group].clone();
+        app.fail_next_tool_choice = Some("no switch".into());
+        let r = app.run(command, params.clone());
+        assert!(r.as_ref().is_err_and(|e| e.contains("no switch")), "{command}: {r:?}");
+        assert_eq!(app.session.tool_id(), "selection", "{command}");
+        assert_eq!(app.ui.group_tool[group], slot, "{command}");
+        app.run(command, params).unwrap();
+        assert_ne!(app.session.tool_id(), "selection", "{command} works again");
+        app.select_tool("selection");
+    }
+}
+
 /// The Artboard tool's label holds the artboard's name (never translated); the tools' own
 /// labels are interface text.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/char_style_options.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/char_style_options.rs
index e807df7b01..8915c48216 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/char_style_options.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/char_style_options.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ const OT_SWITCHES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
     ("ot_titl", "titl"),
     ("ot_ordn", "ordn"),
     ("ot_frac", "frac"),
+    ("ot_hkna", "hkna"),
+    ("ot_ital", "ital"),
 ];
 /// The feature tags the Figure menu sets.
 const FIGURE_TAGS: [&str; 4] = ["tnum", "onum", "pnum", "lnum"];
@@ -56,8 +58,21 @@ const FIGURE_VALUES: [&str; 5] = ["default", "tabularLining", "proportionalLinin
 /// The values of the Position field, in the order of the OpenType panel's Position menu.
 const POSITION_VALUES: [&str; 5] = ["default", "superscript", "subscript", "numerator", "denominator"];
 /// The fields of OpenType Features.
-const OT_FIELDS: &[&str] =
-    &["ot_figure", "ot_position", "ot_liga", "ot_calt", "ot_dlig", "ot_swsh", "ot_salt", "ot_titl", "ot_ordn", "ot_frac", "ot_sets"];
+const OT_FIELDS: &[&str] = &[
+    "ot_figure",
+    "ot_position",
+    "ot_liga",
+    "ot_calt",
+    "ot_dlig",
+    "ot_swsh",
+    "ot_salt",
+    "ot_titl",
+    "ot_ordn",
+    "ot_frac",
+    "ot_hkna",
+    "ot_ital",
+    "ot_sets",
+];
 
 pub(super) const SPEC: DialogSpec = DialogSpec {
     heading: |_| tl!("Character Style Options").into(),
@@ -106,6 +121,8 @@ pub(super) const SPEC: DialogSpec = DialogSpec {
             "ot_titl",
             "ot_ordn",
             "ot_frac",
+            "ot_hkna",
+            "ot_ital",
             "ot_sets",
             "section",
         ]
@@ -926,6 +943,8 @@ pub(crate) fn opentype_body(ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) {
             ("ot_titl", tl!("Titling Alternates")),
             ("ot_ordn", tl!("Ordinals")),
             ("ot_frac", tl!("Fractions")),
+            ("ot_hkna", tl!("H or V Style")),
+            ("ot_ital", tl!("Roman Italics")),
         ] {
             switch(ui, d, key, caption, true);
         }
@@ -2042,6 +2061,23 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(edited_attrs(&d).unwrap()["features"], json!(["frac"]));
     }
 
+    /// H or V Style and Roman Italics are on, off or unset switches of OpenType Features: they show
+    /// the style's `hkna` and `ital` tags, a changed switch replaces its tag and keeps the others, an
+    /// unset one removes it, and a style without them keeps none.
+    #[test]
+    fn kana_style_and_roman_italics_are_opentype_switches() {
+        let mut d = dialog_for(json!({"features": ["hkna", "-ital", "dlig"]}));
+        assert_eq!((&d.fields["ot_hkna"], &d.fields["ot_ital"]), (&json!(true), &json!(false)));
+        assert_eq!(edited_attrs(&d).unwrap()["features"], json!(["hkna", "-ital", "dlig"]), "untouched");
+        d.fields.insert("ot_ital".into(), json!(true));
+        d.fields.insert("ot_hkna".into(), Value::Null);
+        assert_eq!(edited_attrs(&d).unwrap()["features"], json!(["dlig", "ital"]));
+        let mut d = dialog_for(json!({}));
+        assert!(d.fields["ot_hkna"].is_null() && d.fields["ot_ital"].is_null());
+        d.fields.insert("ot_hkna".into(), json!(true));
+        assert_eq!(edited_attrs(&d).unwrap()["features"], json!(["hkna"]));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn color_and_opentype_sections_show_their_controls() {
         let mut d = dialog_for(json!({}));
@@ -2066,6 +2102,8 @@ mod tests {
             "Titling Alternates",
             "Ordinals",
             "Fractions",
+            "H or V Style",
+            "Roman Italics",
             "Stylistic Sets",
             "ss01",
             "ss20",
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/effect.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/effect.rs
index 2c2673d468..cd089e04bd 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/effect.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/effect.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub(super) const SPEC: DialogSpec = DialogSpec {
     confirm,
     preview: true,
     // Load Texture… adds the texture it reads.
-    passes: |d, field| field == vectorcraft_effects::pixel::TEXTURE_IMAGE && matches!(d.str("__effect").as_str(), GLASS | TEXTURIZER),
+    passes: |d, field| field == vectorcraft_effects::pixel::TEXTURE_IMAGE && loads_texture(&d.str("__effect")),
     // OK could only fail the same way: off, beside the reason the dialog shows (#6140).
     ok_enabled: Some(|_, d| !(vectorcraft_effects::is_three_d(&d.str("__effect")) && d.fields.contains_key(form::REFUSED))),
     ..DialogSpec::FORM
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ fn body(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) -> bool {
         }
         None if id == GLASS => glass_fields(app, ui, d, GLASS),
         None if id == TEXTURIZER => glass_fields(app, ui, d, TEXTURIZER),
+        None if id == ROUGH_PASTELS => glass_fields(app, ui, d, ROUGH_PASTELS),
         None if id == TRANSFORM => transform_fields(ui, d, app.session.general_unit()),
         None if id == SCRIBBLE => scribble_fields(ui, d, app.session.general_unit()),
         None if id == ZIG_ZAG || id == ROUGHEN => size_fields(ui, d, &id, app.session.general_unit()),
@@ -413,16 +414,23 @@ fn blur_center(ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) {
 const GLASS: &str = "distort.glass";
 /// The Texturizer effect (Effect › Texture › Texturizer…).
 const TEXTURIZER: &str = "texture.texturizer";
+/// The Rough Pastels effect (Effect › Artistic › Rough Pastels…).
+const ROUGH_PASTELS: &str = "artistic.roughPastels";
 
-/// Glass and Texturizer: parameters, the Texture menu ending with Loaded Texture once a texture is
-/// loaded, and Load Texture… with the loaded texture's size. Returns whether the values differ from
-/// those last previewed.
+/// Does effect `id` have Load Texture… in its dialog (Glass, Texturizer, Rough Pastels)?
+fn loads_texture(id: &str) -> bool {
+    matches!(id, GLASS | TEXTURIZER | ROUGH_PASTELS)
+}
+
+/// Glass, Texturizer and Rough Pastels: parameters, the Texture menu ending with Loaded Texture
+/// once a texture is loaded, and Load Texture… with the loaded texture's size. Returns whether the
+/// values differ from those last previewed.
 fn glass_fields(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog, id: &str) -> bool {
     use vectorcraft_effects::pixel::{TEXTURE_IMAGE, texture};
     // The stored texture is shown as its size, not as a text field.
     let stored = d.fields.remove(TEXTURE_IMAGE);
     let size = stored.as_ref().and_then(Value::as_str).and_then(texture).map(|t| t.size());
-    let menu = if id == TEXTURIZER { texturizer_textures(size.is_some()) } else { glass_textures(size.is_some()) };
+    let menu = if id == GLASS { glass_textures(size.is_some()) } else { texturizer_textures(size.is_some()) };
     let doc = vectorcraft_effects::effect_info(id).map(|e| e.params).unwrap_or_default();
     let unit = app.session.general_unit();
     let pick = |k: &str| if k == "texture" { Some(menu) } else { choices(id, k) };
@@ -438,11 +446,18 @@ fn glass_fields(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog, id:
             widgets::dim_label(ui, &format!("{w} × {h} px"));
         }
     });
-    if load
-        && let Err(e) = crate::picks::in_dialog(app, d, load_texture)
-        && e != "cancelled"
-    {
-        app.status(e);
+    if load {
+        // The Effect Gallery's Settings draw in a dialog of their own: its answer goes to the gallery.
+        let loaded = if d.fields.contains_key(super::effect_gallery::SETTINGS) {
+            super::effect_gallery::load_texture(app, d)
+        } else {
+            crate::picks::in_dialog(app, d, load_texture)
+        };
+        if let Err(e) = loaded
+            && e != "cancelled"
+        {
+            app.status(e);
+        }
     }
     values_changed(d)
 }
@@ -453,7 +468,8 @@ fn glass_textures(loaded: bool) -> form::Choices {
     if loaded { &GLASS_TEXTURES_LOADED } else { &GLASS_TEXTURES }
 }
 
-/// Texturizer's Texture menu, ending with Loaded Texture once a texture is `loaded`.
+/// Texturizer's and Rough Pastels' Texture menu, ending with Loaded Texture once a texture is
+/// `loaded`.
 fn texturizer_textures(loaded: bool) -> form::Choices {
     use vectorcraft_effects::pixel::{TEXTURES, TEXTURES_LOADED};
     if loaded { &TEXTURES_LOADED } else { &TEXTURES }
@@ -461,7 +477,7 @@ fn texturizer_textures(loaded: bool) -> form::Choices {
 
 /// Glass's Load Texture…: an image file the user picks, read into `textureImage` as Glass stores
 /// it and picked in the Texture menu.
-fn load_texture(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, d: &mut Dialog) -> Result<(), String> {
+pub(super) fn load_texture(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, d: &mut Dialog) -> Result<(), String> {
     use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio;
     let filters = crate::FilePick::filters(fileio::FORMATS.iter().filter(|f| f.read && f.raster).map(|f| (f.label, fileio::read_extensions(f))));
     let path = crate::picks::open(app, &crate::FilePick { filters, ..Default::default() }).ok_or("cancelled")?;
@@ -488,8 +504,10 @@ fn choices(effect: &str, key: &str) -> Option<form::Choices> {
         ("sketch.halftonePattern", "patternType") => Some(&vectorcraft_effects::pixel::HALFTONE_TYPES),
         ("sketch.plaster", "lightDirection") => Some(&vectorcraft_effects::pixel::LIGHT_DIRECTIONS),
         ("texture.grain", "grainType") => Some(&vectorcraft_effects::pixel::GRAIN_TYPES),
-        ("texture.texturizer" | "artistic.underpainting" | "sketch.conteCrayon", "texture") => Some(&vectorcraft_effects::pixel::TEXTURES),
-        ("sketch.basRelief" | "texture.texturizer" | "artistic.underpainting" | "sketch.conteCrayon", "lightDirection") => {
+        ("texture.texturizer" | "artistic.underpainting" | "artistic.roughPastels" | "sketch.conteCrayon", "texture") => {
+            Some(&vectorcraft_effects::pixel::TEXTURES)
+        }
+        ("sketch.basRelief" | "texture.texturizer" | "artistic.underpainting" | "artistic.roughPastels" | "sketch.conteCrayon", "lightDirection") => {
             Some(&vectorcraft_effects::pixel::LIGHT_DIRECTIONS)
         }
         ("video.deinterlace", "eliminate") => Some(&[("Odd Fields", "odd"), ("Even Fields", "even")]),
@@ -547,10 +565,10 @@ pub(super) fn own_choices(effect: &str, key: &str, cmyk: bool) -> Option<Vec<(&'
 
 /// The values that parameter `key` of applied effect `effect` picks from, as its dialog lists
 /// them, as (label, value): our own effects' labels in the UI language, a plug-in's choices as the
-/// plug-in names them. Glass's Texture menu ends with Loaded Texture when the effect's values
-/// `params` hold a loaded texture, and the lists of [`own_choices`] are translated as their
-/// dialogs translate them (`cmyk`: the document is in CMYK). `None` for a parameter that is not one
-/// of these lists.
+/// plug-in names them. The Texture menu of Glass, Texturizer and Rough Pastels ends with Loaded
+/// Texture when the effect's values `params` hold a loaded texture, and the lists of
+/// [`own_choices`] are translated as their dialogs translate them (`cmyk`: the document is in
+/// CMYK). `None` for a parameter that is not one of these lists.
 pub(crate) fn shown_choices(effect: &str, key: &str, params: &Map<String, Value>, cmyk: bool) -> Option<Vec<(String, String)>> {
     if let Some(plugin) = vectorcraft_plugins::effect::installed(effect) {
         return plugin.manifest().param(key).and_then(|p| match &p.spec {
@@ -561,7 +579,7 @@ pub(crate) fn shown_choices(effect: &str, key: &str, params: &Map<String, Value>
     if let Some(own) = own_choices(effect, key, cmyk) {
         return Some(own.into_iter().map(|(label, value)| (tl!(label).to_string(), value.to_string())).collect());
     }
-    let options = if (effect == GLASS || effect == TEXTURIZER) && key == "texture" {
+    let options = if loads_texture(effect) && key == "texture" {
         use vectorcraft_effects::pixel::{TEXTURE_IMAGE, texture};
         let loaded = params.get(TEXTURE_IMAGE).and_then(Value::as_str).and_then(texture).is_some();
         if effect == GLASS { glass_textures(loaded) } else { texturizer_textures(loaded) }
@@ -1185,6 +1203,45 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!((&params["texture"], &params["textureImage"]), (&json!("loaded"), &json!(stored)));
         let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
     }
+
+    /// Rough Pastels' Texture and Light Direction are menus, and Load Texture… matches Glass: pick,
+    /// Loaded Texture in the menu with the texture's size, OK applies, and the Appearance panel's
+    /// Texture menu lists Loaded Texture too.
+    #[test]
+    fn rough_pastels_load_texture_reads_the_picked_image_into_the_effect() {
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("vectorcraft-rough-pastels-dialog-{}", std::process::id()));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let path = dir.join("texture.png");
+        image::RgbaImage::from_fn(6, 4, |x, y| image::Rgba([(x * 40) as u8, (y * 60) as u8, 90, 255])).save(&path).unwrap();
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(vectorcraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+        let picked = path.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+        app.services.pick_open = Some(Box::new(move |_: &crate::FilePick| Some(picked.clone())));
+        app.services.read = Some(Box::new(|p: &str| std::fs::read(p).map_err(|e| e.to_string())));
+        app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 200, "height": 200})).unwrap();
+        let id = app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 50, "height": 50})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+        app.run("select.all", json!({})).unwrap();
+        app.run("effect.dialog", json!({"effect": ROUGH_PASTELS})).unwrap();
+        let paint = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp| crate::tests_labels::painted_text(app, |app, ui| super::super::show(app, ui.ctx()));
+        let text = paint(&mut app);
+        assert!(text.lines().any(|l| l == "Load Texture…") && text.lines().any(|l| l == "Canvas") && text.lines().any(|l| l == "Top"), "{text}");
+        assert!(!text.contains("Loaded Texture") && !text.contains(" px"), "{text}");
+        let mut d = app.ui.dialog.take().unwrap();
+        load_texture(&mut app, &mut d).unwrap();
+        let stored = d.str(vectorcraft_effects::pixel::TEXTURE_IMAGE);
+        assert_eq!((d.str("texture"), vectorcraft_effects::pixel::texture(&stored).map(|t| t.size())), ("loaded".to_string(), Some((6, 4))));
+        app.ui.dialog = Some(d);
+        let text = paint(&mut app);
+        assert!(text.lines().any(|l| l == "Loaded Texture") && text.lines().any(|l| l == "6 × 4 px"), "{text}");
+        assert!(!text.contains(&stored[..24]), "the stored text isn't shown");
+        super::super::confirm(&mut app).unwrap();
+        let st = app.session.doc().unwrap();
+        let params = &st.doc.node(vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(id)).unwrap().appearance.effects[0].params;
+        assert_eq!((&params["texture"], &params["textureImage"]), (&json!("loaded"), &json!(stored)));
+        let shown = shown_choices(ROUGH_PASTELS, "texture", params.as_object().unwrap(), false).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(shown.last().map(|(_, v)| v.as_str()), Some(vectorcraft_effects::pixel::LOADED), "{shown:?}");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+
     /// Effect > Stylize > Outer Glow: a swatch beside Color shows the effect's colour, typing a
     /// hex recolours it, and a double-click opens the Color Picker over the dialog; its OK fills
     /// Color, and the effect applies that colour.
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/effect_gallery.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/effect_gallery.rs
index c78854d439..fe0de205fc 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/effect_gallery.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/effect_gallery.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ pub(super) const SPEC: DialogSpec = DialogSpec {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct StackEntry {
+    /// The row's own number, kept while the row moves (a file dialog's late answer finds it).
+    id: u64,
     effect: String,
     visible: bool,
     params: Map<String, Value>,
@@ -63,13 +65,20 @@ pub fn open(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, _p: &Value) -> Result<Value, String> {
         return Err(tl!("Select artwork to apply effects").into());
     }
     let selected = effects_in_category(0).first().map(|e| e.id).unwrap_or("");
+    // Each gallery opened has a number of its own, so a file dialog's late answer for one that
+    // closed never reaches the next.
+    static OPENED: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64 = std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(0);
+    let opened = OPENED.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
     app.ui.dialog = Some(Dialog::new(
         KIND,
-        json!({ "category": 0, "selected": selected, "stack": [], "stackSelected": 0, "stackFocus": false, "preview": true }),
+        json!({ "category": 0, "selected": selected, "stack": [], "stackSelected": 0, "stackFocus": false, "preview": true, OPENED_FIELD: opened }),
     ));
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }
 
+/// Field of the gallery holding the number it was opened with.
+const OPENED_FIELD: &str = "opened";
+
 fn effects_in_category(cat: usize) -> Vec<EffectInfo> {
     let path = CATEGORIES.get(cat).map(|(_, p)| *p).unwrap_or(CATEGORIES[0].1);
     let mut out: Vec<EffectInfo> =
@@ -92,31 +101,48 @@ fn merged_params(id: &str, stored: &Map<String, Value>) -> Map<String, Value> {
     }
 }
 
+/// The stack's rows. A row without a number of its own, or with one an earlier row has, gets the
+/// next number after the highest one.
 fn stack_of(d: &Dialog) -> Vec<StackEntry> {
-    d.fields
-        .get("stack")
-        .and_then(Value::as_array)
-        .map(|rows| {
-            rows.iter()
-                .filter_map(|row| {
-                    let effect = row.get("effect").and_then(Value::as_str)?;
-                    let visible = row.get("visible").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(true);
-                    let params = row
-                        .get("params")
-                        .and_then(Value::as_object)
-                        .cloned()
-                        .map(|m| merged_params(effect, &m))
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|| default_params(effect));
-                    Some(StackEntry { effect: effect.to_string(), visible, params })
-                })
-                .collect()
+    let rows = d.fields.get("stack").and_then(Value::as_array).map(Vec::as_slice).unwrap_or_default();
+    let mut next = rows.iter().filter_map(|row| row.get("id").and_then(Value::as_u64)).max().map_or(0, |m| m.saturating_add(1));
+    next = next.max(d.fields.get(NEXT_ROW).and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(0));
+    let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    rows.iter()
+        .filter_map(|row| {
+            let effect = row.get("effect").and_then(Value::as_str)?;
+            let visible = row.get("visible").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(true);
+            let params =
+                row.get("params").and_then(Value::as_object).cloned().map(|m| merged_params(effect, &m)).unwrap_or_else(|| default_params(effect));
+            let id = match row.get("id").and_then(Value::as_u64) {
+                Some(id) if seen.insert(id) => id,
+                _ => {
+                    let id = next;
+                    next = next.saturating_add(1);
+                    seen.insert(id);
+                    id
+                }
+            };
+            Some(StackEntry { id, effect: effect.to_string(), visible, params })
         })
-        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Field of the gallery holding the number the next new row takes.
+const NEXT_ROW: &str = "nextRowId";
+
+/// A number for a new row of `stack` in `d`: after the highest one, and never one that a removed
+/// row had.
+fn next_row_id(d: &Dialog, stack: &[StackEntry]) -> u64 {
+    let after = stack.iter().map(|e| e.id).max().map_or(0, |m| m.saturating_add(1));
+    after.max(d.fields.get(NEXT_ROW).and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(0))
 }
 
 fn write_stack(d: &mut Dialog, stack: &[StackEntry]) {
-    let rows: Vec<Value> = stack.iter().map(|e| json!({ "effect": e.effect, "visible": e.visible, "params": e.params })).collect();
+    let rows: Vec<Value> = stack.iter().map(|e| json!({ "id": e.id, "effect": e.effect, "visible": e.visible, "params": e.params })).collect();
     d.fields.insert("stack".into(), Value::Array(rows));
+    let next = next_row_id(d, stack);
+    d.fields.insert(NEXT_ROW.into(), json!(next));
 }
 
 fn category_ix(d: &Dialog) -> usize {
@@ -177,8 +203,79 @@ fn write_param_target(d: &mut Dialog, stack: &mut [StackEntry], stack_sel: usize
     }
 }
 
-/// Reuse the live effect dialog's fields for `effect_id` and `params`.
-fn effect_param_fields(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, effect_id: &str, params: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
+/// Field of the effect dialog the gallery's Settings draw in ([`effect_param_fields`]): which
+/// values they edit ([`settings_key`]).
+pub(super) const SETTINGS: &str = "__gallerySettings";
+
+/// Field of the stand-in dialog [`load_texture`] asks the file dialog with.
+const ASKING: &str = "__asking";
+
+/// The stack row the Settings of `d` edit when the stack has the focus, of `rows` rows.
+fn settings_row(d: &Dialog, rows: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+    let row = (d.fields.get("stackSelected").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(0) as usize).min(rows.saturating_sub(1));
+    stack_focus(d).then_some(row)
+}
+
+/// Which values the Settings of gallery `d` edit: `{opened, row}`, the gallery's number and the
+/// number of the stack row, or `null` for the row when they edit the filter being browsed.
+fn settings_key(d: &Dialog, stack: &[StackEntry]) -> Value {
+    let row = settings_row(d, stack.len()).and_then(|row| stack.get(row)).map(|e| e.id);
+    json!({ "opened": d.fields.get(OPENED_FIELD), "row": row })
+}
+
+/// Load Texture… in the gallery's Settings (`temp`, for Glass, Texturizer or Rough Pastels): the
+/// image picked goes into `temp` when the file dialog answers at once. When it answers later
+/// (shown off the UI thread) it goes into the values that asked: the stack row of that number
+/// wherever it moved, or the filter being browsed. An answer for a row that was removed, or for a
+/// filter no longer browsed, or for a gallery that closed, is dropped.
+pub(super) fn load_texture(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, temp: &mut Dialog) -> Result<(), String> {
+    use vectorcraft_effects::pixel::TEXTURE_IMAGE;
+    let effect = temp.str("__effect");
+    let key = temp.fields.get(SETTINGS).cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null);
+    let opened = key.get("opened").cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null);
+    let row = key.get("row").and_then(Value::as_u64);
+    let mut asking = Dialog::new(KIND, json!({ ASKING: true }));
+    crate::picks::in_dialog(app, &mut asking, move |app, d| {
+        if d.fields.contains_key(ASKING) {
+            return effect::load_texture(app, d);
+        }
+        let mut picked = Dialog::new(KIND, json!({}));
+        effect::load_texture(app, &mut picked)?;
+        if d.fields.get(OPENED_FIELD).unwrap_or(&Value::Null) != &opened {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        match row {
+            Some(row) => {
+                let mut stack = stack_of(d);
+                if let Some(e) = stack.iter_mut().find(|e| e.id == row && e.effect == effect) {
+                    e.params.extend(picked.fields);
+                    write_stack(d, &stack);
+                }
+            }
+            None if selected_id(d) == effect => {
+                let mut params = if d.fields.get("browseEffect").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some(effect.as_str()) {
+                    browse_params(d)
+                } else {
+                    default_params(&effect)
+                };
+                params.extend(picked.fields);
+                set_browse_params(d, &effect, params);
+            }
+            None => {}
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+    for key in [TEXTURE_IMAGE, "texture"] {
+        if let Some(v) = asking.fields.remove(key) {
+            temp.fields.insert(key.into(), v);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Reuse the live effect dialog's fields for `effect_id` and `params`, the values `key` names
+/// ([`settings_key`]).
+fn effect_param_fields(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, effect_id: &str, params: &mut Map<String, Value>, key: Value) {
     if effect_id.is_empty() {
         return;
     }
@@ -188,6 +285,7 @@ fn effect_param_fields(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, effect_id: &
     fields.insert("__effect".into(), json!(effect_id));
     fields.insert("__label".into(), json!(label));
     fields.insert("preview".into(), json!(false));
+    fields.insert(SETTINGS.into(), key);
     let mut temp = Dialog::new("effect", Value::Object(fields));
     (effect::SPEC.body)(app, ui, &mut temp);
     if let Value::Object(m) = form::params(&temp) {
@@ -475,8 +573,9 @@ fn body(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) -> bool {
     let (param_effect, mut param_values) = param_target(d, &stack, stack_sel, &sel);
     if !param_effect.is_empty() {
         widgets::subheader(ui, tl!("Settings"));
+        let key = settings_key(d, &stack);
         egui::ScrollArea::vertical().max_height(200.0).show(ui, |ui| {
-            effect_param_fields(app, ui, &param_effect, &mut param_values);
+            effect_param_fields(app, ui, &param_effect, &mut param_values, key);
         });
         write_param_target(d, &mut stack, stack_sel, &sel, &param_effect, param_values);
     }
@@ -604,7 +703,7 @@ fn add_selected(d: &mut Dialog, id: &str) {
     let params =
         if !stack_focus(d) && d.fields.get("browseEffect").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some(id) { browse_params(d) } else { default_params(id) };
     let mut stack = stack_of(d);
-    stack.push(StackEntry { effect: id.to_string(), visible: true, params });
+    stack.push(StackEntry { id: next_row_id(d, &stack), effect: id.to_string(), visible: true, params });
     write_stack(d, &stack);
     d.fields.insert("stackSelected".into(), json!(stack.len().saturating_sub(1)));
     set_stack_focus(d, true);
@@ -739,4 +838,88 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert_ne!(soft, hard, "the preview follows the filter's settings");
     }
+
+    /// Load Texture… in the Settings, with the file dialog shown off the UI thread: the image
+    /// goes into the values whose Settings asked (the filter browsed, or a stack row wherever it
+    /// moved) when the dialog answers, and an answer for a removed row, or for a filter no longer
+    /// browsed, is dropped.
+    #[test]
+    fn settings_load_texture_answers_into_the_gallery() {
+        use vectorcraft_effects::pixel::{TEXTURE_IMAGE, texture};
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("vectorcraft-gallery-texture-{}", std::process::id()));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let path = dir.join("texture.png");
+        image::RgbaImage::from_fn(6, 4, |x, y| image::Rgba([(x * 40) as u8, (y * 60) as u8, 90, 255])).save(&path).unwrap();
+        let picked = path.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        let (shown, _) = crate::tests_picks::off_the_ui_thread(&mut app.services);
+        app.services.read = Some(Box::new(|p: &str| std::fs::read(p).map_err(|e| e.to_string())));
+        app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 200, "height": 200})).unwrap();
+        app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 40, "height": 40})).unwrap();
+        app.run("ui.effectGalleryDialog", json!({})).unwrap();
+        let effect = "artistic.roughPastels";
+        let loaded = |params: &serde_json::Map<String, serde_json::Value>| {
+            params.get(TEXTURE_IMAGE).and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str).and_then(texture).map(|t| t.size()) == Some((6, 4))
+                && params.get("texture") == Some(&json!("loaded"))
+        };
+        // Asks from the Settings of `row` (None: the filter browsed), then `meanwhile` changes the
+        // gallery before the dialog answers.
+        let ask = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, row: Option<usize>, meanwhile: &dyn Fn(&mut crate::state::Dialog)| {
+            let gallery = app.ui.dialog.as_mut().unwrap();
+            gallery.fields.remove("browseEffect");
+            gallery.fields.remove("browseParams");
+            gallery.fields.insert("selected".into(), json!(effect));
+            gallery.fields.remove(super::NEXT_ROW);
+            gallery.fields.insert("stack".into(), json!([{"effect": effect, "params": {}}, {"effect": effect, "params": {}}]));
+            let rows = super::stack_of(gallery);
+            super::write_stack(gallery, &rows);
+            gallery.fields.insert("stackFocus".into(), json!(row.is_some()));
+            gallery.fields.insert("stackSelected".into(), json!(row.unwrap_or(0)));
+            let key = super::settings_key(gallery, &super::stack_of(gallery));
+            let mut temp = crate::state::Dialog::new("effect", json!({"__effect": effect, super::SETTINGS: key, "texture": "canvas"}));
+            assert_eq!(super::load_texture(app, &mut temp), Err("cancelled".to_string()), "asked, not answered yet");
+            assert!(temp.fields.get(TEXTURE_IMAGE).is_none());
+            meanwhile(app.ui.dialog.as_mut().unwrap());
+            shown.answer(&[picked.as_str()]);
+            crate::picks::poll(app, &egui::Context::default());
+            let d = app.ui.dialog.as_ref().expect("the gallery stays open");
+            (super::browse_params(d), super::stack_of(d).into_iter().map(|e| loaded(&e.params)).collect::<Vec<_>>())
+        };
+        // The filter browsed gets it, and so does the stack row whose Settings asked.
+        let (browsed, rows) = ask(&mut app, None, &|_| {});
+        assert!(loaded(&browsed) && rows == [false, false], "{browsed:?}");
+        let (browsed, rows) = ask(&mut app, Some(1), &|_| {});
+        assert!(!loaded(&browsed) && rows == [false, true], "{rows:?}");
+        // The row that asked gets it after it moved, or after another row was selected.
+        let (_, rows) = ask(&mut app, Some(0), &|d| {
+            let mut stack = super::stack_of(d);
+            stack.swap(0, 1);
+            super::write_stack(d, &stack);
+        });
+        assert_eq!(rows, [false, true], "moved down");
+        let (_, rows) = ask(&mut app, Some(0), &|d| {
+            d.fields.insert("stackSelected".into(), json!(1));
+        });
+        assert_eq!(rows, [true, false], "another row selected");
+        // A row removed (and another of the same effect added in its place), or a filter no
+        // longer browsed: dropped.
+        let (browsed, rows) = ask(&mut app, Some(1), &|d| {
+            let mut stack = super::stack_of(d);
+            stack.pop();
+            super::write_stack(d, &stack);
+            super::add_selected(d, effect);
+        });
+        assert!(!loaded(&browsed) && rows == [false, false], "{rows:?}");
+        let (browsed, rows) = ask(&mut app, None, &|d| {
+            d.fields.insert("selected".into(), json!("artistic.cutout"));
+        });
+        assert!(!loaded(&browsed) && rows == [false, false], "{browsed:?}");
+        // The gallery that asked closed and another one opened.
+        let (browsed, rows) = ask(&mut app, Some(1), &|d| {
+            let next = d.fields.get(super::OPENED_FIELD).and_then(serde_json::Value::as_u64).unwrap() + 1;
+            d.fields.insert(super::OPENED_FIELD.into(), json!(next));
+        });
+        assert!(!loaded(&browsed) && rows == [false, false], "{rows:?}");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/bg.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/bg.tsv
index 7b487589f4..948b295e17 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/bg.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/bg.tsv
@@ -2593,6 +2593,8 @@ font-technology	Variable	Променливи
 	Proof Setup	Настройка на пробен печат
 	Properties	Свойства
 	Proportional Metrics	Пропорционални метрики
+	H or V Style	Хоризонтален или вертикален стил
+	Roman Italics	Римски курсив
 	Insert Aki Left	Вмъкване на аки отляво
 	Insert Aki Right	Вмъкване на аки отдясно
 	Tsume	Цуме
@@ -6252,6 +6254,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y ос
 	Graphite Pencil	Графитен молив
 	Wax Crayon	Восъчен пастел
 	Charcoal Dust	Въглен прах
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Технологични схеми
+	Circuit Trace	Проводяща писта
+	Bus Lines	Шинни линии
+	Terminal Nodes	Крайни възли
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Назъбена лента
 	Double Line	Двойна линия
 	Wave	Вълна
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/bs.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/bs.tsv
index 3850e2d812..f8d6fa263b 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/bs.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/bs.tsv
@@ -1584,6 +1584,8 @@ lighting	Light	Svjetlo
 	Leading	Prored
 	No Break	Bez preloma
 	Proportional Metrics	Proporcionalna metrika
+	H or V Style	Horizontalni ili vertikalni stil
+	Roman Italics	Latinični kurziv
 	Insert Aki Left	Umetni aki lijevo
 	Insert Aki Right	Umetni aki desno
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6305,6 +6307,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y osa
 	Graphite Pencil	Grafitna olovka
 	Wax Crayon	Voštana bojica
 	Charcoal Dust	Ugljena prašina
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Tehnički sklopovi
+	Circuit Trace	Vod sklopa
+	Bus Lines	Linije sabirnice
+	Terminal Nodes	Priključni čvorovi
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Zarezana traka
 	Double Line	Dvostruka linija
 	Wave	Talas
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ca.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ca.tsv
index d962f8afc4..3ed3ca8331 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ca.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ca.tsv
@@ -3362,6 +3362,8 @@ digits	Malayalam	Malaiàlam
 	Proof Setup	Configuració de prova
 	Properties	Propietats
 	Proportional Metrics	Mètriques proporcionals
+	H or V Style	Estil horitzontal o vertical
+	Roman Italics	Cursiva romana
 	Insert Aki Left	Insereix aki a l'esquerra
 	Insert Aki Right	Insereix aki a la dreta
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -3970,6 +3972,13 @@ digits	Malayalam	Malaiàlam
 	Graphite Pencil	Llapis de grafit
 	Wax Crayon	Cera de colors
 	Charcoal Dust	Pols de carbó
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Circuits tecnològics
+	Circuit Trace	Pista de circuit
+	Bus Lines	Línies de bus
+	Terminal Nodes	Nodes terminals
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Cinta dentada
 	Double Line	Línia doble
 	Wave	Ona
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/cs.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/cs.tsv
index 1bd4a8ff10..161e235c56 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/cs.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/cs.tsv
@@ -1612,6 +1612,8 @@ lighting	Light	Světlo
 	Leading	Proklad
 	No Break	Nezalamovat
 	Proportional Metrics	Proporcionální metrika
+	H or V Style	Vodorovný nebo svislý styl
+	Roman Italics	Kurzíva latinky
 	Insert Aki Left	Vložit aki vlevo
 	Insert Aki Right	Vložit aki vpravo
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6809,6 +6811,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	osa Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Grafitová tužka
 	Wax Crayon	Vosková pastelka
 	Charcoal Dust	Uhlový prach
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Technické obvody
+	Circuit Trace	Vodivá cesta
+	Bus Lines	Sběrnicové linky
+	Terminal Nodes	Koncové uzly
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Vroubkovaná stuha
 	Double Line	Dvojitá čára
 	Wave	Vlna
@@ -9258,7 +9267,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	Glyfy
 @msg	unexpected resources	neočekávané prostředky
 @msg	unknown CMYK profile `{name}`	neznámý profil CMYK `{name}`
 @msg	unknown File Info field `{k}`	neznámé pole informací o souboru `{k}`
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	neznámá funkce OpenType `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; předpona - funkci vypne; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom a aalt přijímají číslo alternativy jako `tag=N` s N od 0 do {_1}, například `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	neznámá funkce OpenType `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; předpona - funkci vypne; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom a aalt přijímají číslo alternativy jako `tag=N` s N od 0 do {_1}, například `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` in featureChanges (the tags `features` takes)	neznámá funkce OpenType `{t}` ve featureChanges (značky, které přijímá `features`)
 @msg	unknown PDF preset `{name}` (presets: {_1})	neznámé přednastavení PDF `{name}` (přednastavení: {_1})
 @msg	unknown Warp style	neznámý styl deformace
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/da.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/da.tsv
index d6785ff924..fd0b7c042e 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/da.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/da.tsv
@@ -2129,6 +2129,8 @@ lighting	Light	Lys
 	Leading	Linjeafstand
 	No Break	Ingen ombrydning
 	Proportional Metrics	Proportionale metrikker
+	H or V Style	Vandret eller lodret stil
+	Roman Italics	Romersk kursiv
 	Insert Aki Left	Indsæt aki til venstre
 	Insert Aki Right	Indsæt aki til højre
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6878,6 +6880,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y-akse
 	Graphite Pencil	Grafitblyant
 	Wax Crayon	Vokskridt
 	Charcoal Dust	Kulstøv
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Tekniske kredsløb
+	Circuit Trace	Kredsløbsbane
+	Bus Lines	Buslinjer
+	Terminal Nodes	Terminalpunkter
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Takket bånd
 	Double Line	Dobbelt linje
 	Wave	Bølge
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/de.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/de.tsv
index f5d6467815..2a5f32a5d9 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/de.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/de.tsv
@@ -2637,6 +2637,8 @@ mark-style	Japanese	Japanisch
 	Proof Setup	Proof einrichten
 	Properties	Eigenschaften
 	Proportional Metrics	Proportionale Metrik
+	H or V Style	Horizontaler oder vertikaler Stil
+	Roman Italics	Lateinische Kursive
 	Insert Aki Left	Aki links einfügen
 	Insert Aki Right	Aki rechts einfügen
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6401,6 +6403,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y-Achse
 	Graphite Pencil	Graphitstift
 	Wax Crayon	Wachsmalstift
 	Charcoal Dust	Kohlestaub
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Technische Schaltungen
+	Circuit Trace	Leiterbahn
+	Bus Lines	Busleitungen
+	Terminal Nodes	Anschlussknoten
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Gekerbtes Band
 	Double Line	Doppellinie
 	Wave	Welle
@@ -7478,7 +7487,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	Glyphen
 @msg	toString is not a function	toString ist keine Funktion
 @msg	too many arguments	zu viele Argumente
 @msg	too many quantifiers	zu viele Quantifizierer
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	unbekannte OpenType-Funktion `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; mit vorangestelltem - ausschalten; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom und aalt nehmen die Nummer einer Alternative als `tag=N` mit N von 0 bis {_1}, etwa `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	unbekannte OpenType-Funktion `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; mit vorangestelltem - ausschalten; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom und aalt nehmen die Nummer einer Alternative als `tag=N` mit N von 0 bis {_1}, etwa `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown dither `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise or none)	unbekanntes Dithering `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise oder none)
 @msg	unknown panel `{panel}`	unbekanntes Bedienfeld `{panel}`
 @msg	unknown parameter `{key}`	unbekannter Parameter `{key}`
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/el.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/el.tsv
index 95fa3504b2..b1b7b4d039 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/el.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/el.tsv
@@ -3434,6 +3434,8 @@ theme	Appearance	Εμφάνιση
 	Profile inclusion:	Συμπερίληψη προφίλ:
 	Projecting Cap	Προεξέχον άκρο
 	Proportional Metrics	Αναλογικές μετρικές
+	H or V Style	Οριζόντιο ή κατακόρυφο στυλ
+	Roman Italics	Λατινικά πλάγια
 	Insert Aki Left	Εισαγωγή aki αριστερά
 	Insert Aki Right	Εισαγωγή aki δεξιά
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6763,6 +6765,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Άξονας Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Μολύβι γραφίτη
 	Wax Crayon	Κηρομπογιά
 	Charcoal Dust	Σκόνη κάρβουνου
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Τεχνολογικά κυκλώματα
+	Circuit Trace	Διαδρομή κυκλώματος
+	Bus Lines	Γραμμές διαύλου
+	Terminal Nodes	Τερματικοί κόμβοι
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Οδοντωτή κορδέλα
 	Double Line	Διπλή γραμμή
 	Wave	Κύμα
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv
index a3456fe48e..5b3c675f7b 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv
@@ -2671,6 +2671,8 @@ font-technology	Variable	Variables
 	Proof Setup	Ajuste de prueba
 	Properties	Propiedades
 	Proportional Metrics	Métrica proporcional
+	H or V Style	Estilo horizontal o vertical
+	Roman Italics	Cursiva romana
 	Insert Aki Left	Insertar aki a la izquierda
 	Insert Aki Right	Insertar aki a la derecha
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6754,6 +6756,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Eje Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Lápiz de grafito
 	Wax Crayon	Cera de colores
 	Charcoal Dust	Polvo de carboncillo
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Circuitos tecnológicos
+	Circuit Trace	Pista de circuito
+	Bus Lines	Líneas de bus
+	Terminal Nodes	Nodos terminales
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Cinta dentada
 	Double Line	Línea doble
 	Wave	Onda
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/fi.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/fi.tsv
index 89934ae48e..e77a617c52 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/fi.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/fi.tsv
@@ -1587,6 +1587,8 @@ lighting	Light	Valo
 	Leading	Riviväli
 	No Break	Ei katkoa
 	Proportional Metrics	Suhteelliset metriikat
+	H or V Style	Vaaka- tai pystytyyli
+	Roman Italics	Latinalainen kursiivi
 	Insert Aki Left	Lisää aki vasemmalle
 	Insert Aki Right	Lisää aki oikealle
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6841,6 +6843,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y-akseli
 	Graphite Pencil	Grafiittikynä
 	Wax Crayon	Vahaliitu
 	Charcoal Dust	Hiilipöly
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Tekniset virtapiirit
+	Circuit Trace	Piirijohdin
+	Bus Lines	Väylälinjat
+	Terminal Nodes	Liitäntäpisteet
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Lovettu nauha
 	Double Line	Kaksoisviiva
 	Wave	Aalto
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/fr.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/fr.tsv
index ca40abddef..2762d2a954 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/fr.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/fr.tsv
@@ -2663,6 +2663,8 @@ font-technology	Variable	Variables
 	Proof Setup	Format d’épreuve
 	Properties	Propriétés
 	Proportional Metrics	Métrique proportionnelle
+	H or V Style	Style horizontal ou vertical
+	Roman Italics	Italique des caractères romains
 	Insert Aki Left	Insérer un aki à gauche
 	Insert Aki Right	Insérer un aki à droite
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6804,6 +6806,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Axe Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Crayon graphite
 	Wax Crayon	Craie grasse
 	Charcoal Dust	Poussière de fusain
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Circuits techniques
+	Circuit Trace	Piste de circuit
+	Bus Lines	Lignes de bus
+	Terminal Nodes	Nœuds terminaux
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Ruban cranté
 	Double Line	Double ligne
 	Wave	Vague
@@ -9116,7 +9125,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	Glyphes
 @msg	unexpected resources	ressources inattendues
 @msg	unknown CMYK profile `{name}`	profil CMJN inconnu `{name}`
 @msg	unknown File Info field `{k}`	champ Informations sur le fichier inconnu `{k}`
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	fonctionnalité OpenType inconnue `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt ; préfixe - pour désactiver ; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom et aalt acceptent un numéro de variante sous la forme `tag=N` avec N de 0 à {_1}, comme `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	fonctionnalité OpenType inconnue `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital ; préfixe - pour désactiver ; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom et aalt acceptent un numéro de variante sous la forme `tag=N` avec N de 0 à {_1}, comme `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` in featureChanges (the tags `features` takes)	fonctionnalité OpenType inconnue `{t}` dans featureChanges (les balises qu’accepte `features`)
 @msg	unknown PDF preset `{name}` (presets: {_1})	paramètre prédéfini PDF inconnu `{name}` (paramètres prédéfinis : {_1})
 @msg	unknown Warp style	style de déformation inconnu
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/gu.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/gu.tsv
index 9bf646d1dc..1c96900b2b 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/gu.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/gu.tsv
@@ -2744,6 +2744,8 @@
 	Proof Setup	પ્રૂફ સેટઅપ
 	Properties	ગુણધર્મો
 	Proportional Metrics	પ્રમાણસર મેટ્રિક્સ
+	H or V Style	આડી અથવા ઊભી શૈલી
+	Roman Italics	રોમન ઇટાલિક
 	Pucker	પકર
 	Pucker & Bloat…	પકર અને બ્લોટ…
 	Pucker Tool	પકર ટૂલ
@@ -4501,6 +4503,13 @@ antiAlias	Sharp	શાર્પ
 	Graphite Pencil	ગ્રેફાઇટ પેન્સિલ
 	Wax Crayon	વેક્સ ક્રેયોન
 	Charcoal Dust	ચારકોલનો ભૂકો
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	ટેક સર્કિટ
+	Circuit Trace	સર્કિટ પથ
+	Bus Lines	બસ રેખાઓ
+	Terminal Nodes	ટર્મિનલ નોડ્સ
+
 	Notched Ribbon	ખાંચાવાળી રિબન
 	Double Line	બેવડી રેખા
 	Wave	તરંગ
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/hi.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/hi.tsv
index 01e758f46b..548f961f51 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/hi.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/hi.tsv
@@ -444,6 +444,13 @@ antiAlias	Sharp	शार्प
 	Graphite Pencil	ग्रेफाइट पेंसिल
 	Wax Crayon	मोम क्रेयॉन
 	Charcoal Dust	चारकोल धूल
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	टेक सर्किट
+	Circuit Trace	सर्किट पथ
+	Bus Lines	बस रेखाएँ
+	Terminal Nodes	टर्मिनल नोड
+
 	Notched Ribbon	नोकदार रिबन
 	Double Line	दोहरी लाइन
 	Wave	लहर
@@ -3702,6 +3709,8 @@ antiAlias	Sharp	शार्प
 	Properties	प्रॉपर्टीज़
 	Proportional Lining	आनुपातिक लाइनिंग
 	Proportional Metrics	आनुपातिक मीट्रिक
+	H or V Style	क्षैतिज या ऊर्ध्वाधर शैली
+	Roman Italics	रोमन इटैलिक
 	Insert Aki Left	बाईं ओर आकी जोड़ें
 	Insert Aki Right	दाईं ओर आकी जोड़ें
 	Tsume	त्सुमे
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/hu.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/hu.tsv
index 0a09eb2e55..200b45d1b1 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/hu.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/hu.tsv
@@ -3228,6 +3228,8 @@ mark-style	Japanese	Japán
 	Proof Setup	Színpróba beállítása
 	Properties	Tulajdonságok
 	Proportional Metrics	Arányos metrika
+	H or V Style	Vízszintes vagy függőleges stílus
+	Roman Italics	Latin betűk dőlt változata
 	Insert Aki Left	Aki beszúrása balra
 	Insert Aki Right	Aki beszúrása jobbra
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6792,6 +6794,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y tengely
 	Graphite Pencil	Grafitceruza
 	Wax Crayon	Zsírkréta
 	Charcoal Dust	Szénpor
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Műszaki áramkörök
+	Circuit Trace	Vezetősáv
+	Bus Lines	Buszvonalak
+	Terminal Nodes	Csatlakozási pontok
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Csipkézett szalag
 	Double Line	Dupla vonal
 	Wave	Hullám
@@ -9128,7 +9137,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	Glifák
 @msg	unexpected resources	váratlan erőforrások
 @msg	unknown CMYK profile `{name}`	ismeretlen CMYK-profil: `{name}`
 @msg	unknown File Info field `{k}`	ismeretlen fájlinformációs mező: `{k}`
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	ismeretlen OpenType-funkció: `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; a - előtag kikapcsolja; a swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom és aalt egy alternatíva számát `tag=N` alakban fogadja, ahol N 0 és {_1} között lehet, például `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	ismeretlen OpenType-funkció: `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; a - előtag kikapcsolja; a swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom és aalt egy alternatíva számát `tag=N` alakban fogadja, ahol N 0 és {_1} között lehet, például `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` in featureChanges (the tags `features` takes)	ismeretlen OpenType-funkció a featureChanges értékben: `{t}` (a `features` által fogadott címkék használhatók)
 @msg	unknown PDF preset `{name}` (presets: {_1})	ismeretlen PDF-előbeállítás: `{name}` (előbeállítások: {_1})
 @msg	unknown Warp style	ismeretlen hajlítási stílus
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/id.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/id.tsv
index 8006ecf2cd..f3dcca3874 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/id.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/id.tsv
@@ -1520,6 +1520,8 @@ lighting	Light	Cahaya
 	Leading	Leading
 	No Break	Tanpa pemenggalan
 	Proportional Metrics	Metrik proporsional
+	H or V Style	Gaya horizontal atau vertikal
+	Roman Italics	Miring Romawi
 	Insert Aki Left	Sisipkan aki kiri
 	Insert Aki Right	Sisipkan aki kanan
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6268,6 +6270,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Sumbu Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Pensil grafit
 	Wax Crayon	Krayon lilin
 	Charcoal Dust	Debu arang
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Sirkuit teknologi
+	Circuit Trace	Jalur sirkuit
+	Bus Lines	Jalur bus
+	Terminal Nodes	Simpul terminal
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Pita bertakik
 	Double Line	Garis ganda
 	Wave	Gelombang
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/it.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/it.tsv
index f0bea31794..90ec79404c 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/it.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/it.tsv
@@ -2713,6 +2713,8 @@ mark-style	Japanese	Giapponese
 	Proof Setup	Impostazione prova
 	Properties	Proprietà
 	Proportional Metrics	Metrica proporzionale
+	H or V Style	Stile orizzontale o verticale
+	Roman Italics	Corsivo romano
 	Insert Aki Left	Inserisci aki a sinistra
 	Insert Aki Right	Inserisci aki a destra
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6435,6 +6437,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Asse Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Matita di grafite
 	Wax Crayon	Pastello a cera
 	Charcoal Dust	Polvere di carboncino
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Circuiti tecnologici
+	Circuit Trace	Pista del circuito
+	Bus Lines	Linee del bus
+	Terminal Nodes	Nodi terminali
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Nastro dentellato
 	Double Line	Doppia linea
 	Wave	Onda
@@ -7526,7 +7535,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	Glifi
 @msg	toString is not a function	toString non è una funzione
 @msg	too many arguments	troppi argomenti
 @msg	too many quantifiers	troppi quantificatori
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	funzione OpenType sconosciuta `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; anteponi - per disattivarla; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom e aalt accettano il numero di un'alternativa come `tag=N` con N da 0 a {_1}, ad esempio `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	funzione OpenType sconosciuta `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; anteponi - per disattivarla; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom e aalt accettano il numero di un'alternativa come `tag=N` con N da 0 a {_1}, ad esempio `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown dither `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise or none)	dithering sconosciuto `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise o none)
 @msg	unknown panel `{panel}`	pannello sconosciuto `{panel}`
 @msg	unknown parameter `{key}`	parametro sconosciuto `{key}`
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ja.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ja.tsv
index dd38ebbd8c..d98acfa22d 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ja.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ja.tsv
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ font-technology	Variable	バリアブル
 	x-Height	x ハイト
 	ICF Box	平均字面
 	Proportional Metrics	プロポーショナルメトリクス
+	H or V Style	横組み・縦組み用かな
+	Roman Italics	欧文イタリック
 	Insert Aki Left	前にアキを挿入
 	Insert Aki Right	後ろにアキを挿入
 	Tsume	文字ツメ
@@ -6733,7 +6735,7 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y 軸
 @msg	toString is not a function	toString は関数ではありません
 @msg	too many arguments	引数が多すぎます
 @msg	too many quantifiers	量指定子が多すぎます
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	`{t}` は不明な OpenType 機能です (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt。オフにするには先頭に - を付けます。swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt には、`salt=2` のように `tag=N` の形式で代替字形の番号を指定できます。N は 0 から {_1} まで)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	`{t}` は不明な OpenType 機能です (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital。オフにするには先頭に - を付けます。swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt には、`salt=2` のように `tag=N` の形式で代替字形の番号を指定できます。N は 0 から {_1} まで)
 @msg	unknown dither `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise or none)	`{d}` は不明なディザの指定です (diffusion、pattern、noise、none のいずれか)
 @msg	unknown panel `{panel}`	`{panel}` は不明なパネルです
 @msg	unknown parameter `{key}`	`{key}` は不明なパラメーターです
@@ -8307,6 +8309,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y 軸
 	Graphite Pencil	黒鉛鉛筆
 	Wax Crayon	ワックスクレヨン
 	Charcoal Dust	木炭の粉
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	電子回路
+	Circuit Trace	回路配線
+	Bus Lines	バス配線
+	Terminal Nodes	端子ノード
+
 	Notched Ribbon	ノッチリボン
 	Double Line	二重線
 	Wave	波
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ka.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ka.tsv
index 007237997b..794e5454a9 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ka.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ka.tsv
@@ -1457,6 +1457,8 @@ lighting	Light	სინათლე
 	Leading	სტრიქონთა დაშორება
 	No Break	გადატანის გარეშე
 	Proportional Metrics	პროპორციული მეტრიკა
+	H or V Style	ჰორიზონტალური ან ვერტიკალური სტილი
+	Roman Italics	ლათინური კურსივი
 	Insert Aki Left	აკის ჩასმა მარცხნივ
 	Insert Aki Right	აკის ჩასმა მარჯვნივ
 	Tsume	ცუმე
@@ -6762,6 +6764,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y ღერძი
 	Graphite Pencil	გრაფიტის ფანქარი
 	Wax Crayon	ცვილის ფანქარი
 	Charcoal Dust	ნახშირის მტვერი
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	ტექნიკური სქემები
+	Circuit Trace	სქემის გამტარი
+	Bus Lines	სალტის ხაზები
+	Terminal Nodes	ტერმინალური კვანძები
+
 	Notched Ribbon	დაკბილული ლენტი
 	Double Line	ორმაგი ხაზი
 	Wave	ტალღა
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ko.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ko.tsv
index 421d4ec4bd..bb8676df71 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ko.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ko.tsv
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ font-technology	Variable	가변
 	x-Height	x 높이
 	ICF Box	ICF 박스
 	Proportional Metrics	비례 메트릭
+	H or V Style	가로 또는 세로 스타일
+	Roman Italics	로마자 이탤릭
 	Insert Aki Left	앞 아키 삽입
 	Insert Aki Right	뒤 아키 삽입
 	Tsume	츠메
@@ -6396,6 +6398,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y축
 	Graphite Pencil	흑연 연필
 	Wax Crayon	왁스 크레용
 	Charcoal Dust	목탄 가루
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	전자 회로
+	Circuit Trace	회로 배선
+	Bus Lines	버스 배선
+	Terminal Nodes	단자 노드
+
 	Notched Ribbon	노치 리본
 	Double Line	이중선
 	Wave	물결
@@ -8861,7 +8870,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	글리프
 @msg	unexpected resources	예상하지 못한 리소스
 @msg	unknown CMYK profile `{name}`	알 수 없는 CMYK 프로파일 `{name}`
 @msg	unknown File Info field `{k}`	알 수 없는 파일 정보 필드 `{k}`
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	알 수 없는 OpenType 기능 `{t}`(liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt. 끄려면 앞에 -를 붙이세요. swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt는 대체 글리프 번호를 `tag=N` 형식으로 받으며 N은 0에서 {_1} 사이입니다. 예: `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	알 수 없는 OpenType 기능 `{t}`(liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital. 끄려면 앞에 -를 붙이세요. swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt는 대체 글리프 번호를 `tag=N` 형식으로 받으며 N은 0에서 {_1} 사이입니다. 예: `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` in featureChanges (the tags `features` takes)	featureChanges의 알 수 없는 OpenType 기능 `{t}`(`features`가 받는 태그를 사용하세요)
 @msg	unknown PDF preset `{name}` (presets: {_1})	알 수 없는 PDF 프리셋 `{name}`(프리셋: {_1})
 @msg	unknown Warp style	알 수 없는 왜곡 스타일
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/nl.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/nl.tsv
index 667c7feb54..a597a03fd0 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/nl.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/nl.tsv
@@ -2038,6 +2038,8 @@ lighting	Light	Licht
 	Leading	Regelafstand
 	No Break	Niet afbreken
 	Proportional Metrics	Proportionele metingen
+	H or V Style	Horizontale of verticale stijl
+	Roman Italics	Romeinse cursief
 	Insert Aki Left	Aki links invoegen
 	Insert Aki Right	Aki rechts invoegen
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -7208,7 +7210,7 @@ imageTrace	Outline	Contour
 @msg	unexpected resources	onverwachte resources
 @msg	unknown CMYK profile `{name}`	onbekend CMYK-profiel `{name}`
 @msg	unknown File Info field `{k}`	onbekend veld `{k}` van Bestandsinfo
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	onbekende OpenType-functie `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; zet er - voor om uit te schakelen; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom en aalt accepteren het nummer van een alternatief als `tag=N` met N van 0 tot {_1}, zoals `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	onbekende OpenType-functie `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; zet er - voor om uit te schakelen; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom en aalt accepteren het nummer van een alternatief als `tag=N` met N van 0 tot {_1}, zoals `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` in featureChanges (the tags `features` takes)	onbekende OpenType-functie `{t}` in featureChanges (de tags die `features` accepteert)
 @msg	unknown PDF preset `{name}` (presets: {_1})	onbekende PDF-voorinstelling `{name}` (voorinstellingen: {_1})
 @msg	unknown Warp style	onbekende warpstijl
@@ -8713,6 +8715,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y-as
 	Graphite Pencil	Grafietpotlood
 	Wax Crayon	Waskrijt
 	Charcoal Dust	Houtskoolstof
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Technische schakelingen
+	Circuit Trace	Printspoor
+	Bus Lines	Buslijnen
+	Terminal Nodes	Aansluitpunten
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Gekerfd lint
 	Double Line	Dubbele lijn
 	Wave	Golf
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pl.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pl.tsv
index 66a2c432d6..99ee2080b8 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pl.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pl.tsv
@@ -1525,6 +1525,8 @@ lighting	Light	Światło
 	Leading	Interlinia
 	No Break	Bez podziału
 	Proportional Metrics	Metryka proporcjonalna
+	H or V Style	Styl poziomy lub pionowy
+	Roman Italics	Kursywa łacińska
 	Insert Aki Left	Wstaw aki z lewej
 	Insert Aki Right	Wstaw aki z prawej
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6664,6 +6666,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Oś Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Ołówek grafitowy
 	Wax Crayon	Kredka woskowa
 	Charcoal Dust	Pył węglowy
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Obwody techniczne
+	Circuit Trace	Ścieżka obwodu
+	Bus Lines	Linie magistrali
+	Terminal Nodes	Węzły końcowe
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Wstęga z nacięciami
 	Double Line	Podwójna linia
 	Wave	Fala
@@ -7767,7 +7776,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	Glify
 @msg	too many arguments	zbyt wiele argumentów
 @msg	too many quantifiers	zbyt wiele kwantyfikatorów
 @msg	turn on at least one side	włącz co najmniej jedną stronę
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	nieznana funkcja OpenType `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefiks - wyłącza funkcję; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom i aalt przyjmują numer wariantu w postaci `tag=N`, gdzie N to liczba od 0 do {_1}, na przykład `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	nieznana funkcja OpenType `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefiks - wyłącza funkcję; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom i aalt przyjmują numer wariantu w postaci `tag=N`, gdzie N to liczba od 0 do {_1}, na przykład `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown dither `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise or none)	nieznane rozpraszanie `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise lub none)
 @msg	unknown panel `{panel}`	nieznany panel `{panel}`
 @msg	unknown parameter `{key}`	nieznany parametr `{key}`
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pt-br.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pt-br.tsv
index 913cb4089a..677c8e460f 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pt-br.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pt-br.tsv
@@ -2235,6 +2235,8 @@ antiAlias	Sharp	Nítido
 	Proof Setup	Configuração de Prova
 	Properties	Propriedades
 	Proportional Metrics	Métrica Proporcional
+	H or V Style	Estilo Horizontal ou Vertical
+	Roman Italics	Itálico Romano
 	Insert Aki Left	Inserir Aki à Esquerda
 	Insert Aki Right	Inserir Aki à Direita
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6724,6 +6726,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Eixo Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Lápis de Grafite
 	Wax Crayon	Giz de Cera
 	Charcoal Dust	Pó de Carvão
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Circuitos tecnológicos
+	Circuit Trace	Trilha de circuito
+	Bus Lines	Linhas de barramento
+	Terminal Nodes	Nós terminais
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Fita Entalhada
 	Double Line	Linha Dupla
 	Wave	Onda
@@ -9321,7 +9330,7 @@ swatch	Yellow Green	Verde-amarelado
 @msg	unexpected resources	recursos inesperados
 @msg	unknown CMYK profile `{name}`	perfil CMYK desconhecido `{name}`
 @msg	unknown File Info field `{k}`	campo de Informações do Arquivo desconhecido `{k}`
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	recurso OpenType desconhecido `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefixe com - para desativar; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom e aalt aceitam o número de uma alternativa como `tag=N` com N de 0 a {_1}, como `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	recurso OpenType desconhecido `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefixe com - para desativar; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom e aalt aceitam o número de uma alternativa como `tag=N` com N de 0 a {_1}, como `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` in featureChanges (the tags `features` takes)	recurso OpenType desconhecido `{t}` em featureChanges (as tags que `features` aceita)
 @msg	unknown PDF preset `{name}` (presets: {_1})	predefinição de PDF desconhecida `{name}` (predefinições: {_1})
 @msg	unknown Warp style	estilo de Deformação desconhecido
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ru.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ru.tsv
index 741d29481d..106343cddd 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ru.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ru.tsv
@@ -2700,6 +2700,8 @@ mark-style	Japanese	Японский
 	Proof Setup	Настройка цветопробы
 	Properties	Свойства
 	Proportional Metrics	Пропорциональные метрики
+	H or V Style	Горизонтальный или вертикальный стиль
+	Roman Italics	Римский курсив
 	Insert Aki Left	Вставить аки слева
 	Insert Aki Right	Вставить аки справа
 	Tsume	Цумэ
@@ -6422,6 +6424,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Ось Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Графитный карандаш
 	Wax Crayon	Восковой мелок
 	Charcoal Dust	Угольная пыль
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Технические схемы
+	Circuit Trace	Дорожка схемы
+	Bus Lines	Линии шины
+	Terminal Nodes	Контактные узлы
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Лента с насечками
 	Double Line	Двойная линия
 	Wave	Волна
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/sv.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/sv.tsv
index c3258b0a2d..cc854aa362 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/sv.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/sv.tsv
@@ -2608,6 +2608,8 @@ font-technology	Variable	Variabla
 	Proof Setup	Provtrycksinställningar
 	Properties	Egenskaper
 	Proportional Metrics	Proportionella mått
+	H or V Style	Vågrät eller lodrät stil
+	Roman Italics	Romersk kursiv
 	Insert Aki Left	Infoga aki till vänster
 	Insert Aki Right	Infoga aki till höger
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6789,6 +6791,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y-axel
 	Graphite Pencil	Grafitpenna
 	Wax Crayon	Vaxkrita
 	Charcoal Dust	Koldamm
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Tekniska kretsar
+	Circuit Trace	Kretsbana
+	Bus Lines	Bussledningar
+	Terminal Nodes	Anslutningspunkter
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Hackat band
 	Double Line	Dubbellinje
 	Wave	Våg
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs
index c985f77d6c..02fb1fbc9b 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ fn built_in_library_brush_names_are_in_complete_catalogs() {
         .collect();
     names.sort();
     names.dedup();
-    assert_eq!(names.len(), 43, "{names:?}");
+    assert_eq!(names.len(), 46, "{names:?}");
     let mut bad = vec![];
     for lang in LANGUAGES.iter().filter(|lang| lang.complete_menus) {
         let missing: Vec<&String> = names.iter().filter(|n| lang.catalog().plain(n).is_none()).collect();
@@ -1914,6 +1914,13 @@ fn uk() -> Lang {
     Lang::from_code("uk").expect("uk registered")
 }
 
+/// The Ukrainian Color Library labels use the word for colors (кольорів), not flowers (квітів).
+#[test]
+fn ukrainian_color_library_labels_name_colors() {
+    assert_eq!(uk().catalog().plain("Color Library"), Some("Бібліотека кольорів"));
+    assert_eq!(uk().catalog().plain("Color Library…"), Some("Бібліотека кольорів…"));
+}
+
 /// Every Ukrainian plural has all three forms; exercise different endings through real lookups.
 #[test]
 fn ukrainian_plurals_have_three_forms() {
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tr.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tr.tsv
index 4a6b37a170..f2888a30f0 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tr.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tr.tsv
@@ -2455,6 +2455,8 @@ shape	Open	Açık
 	Proof Setup	Prova Kurulumu
 	Properties	Özellikler
 	Proportional Metrics	Orantılı Metrikler
+	H or V Style	Yatay veya Dikey Stil
+	Roman Italics	Roma İtalik
 	Insert Aki Left	Sola Aki Ekle
 	Insert Aki Right	Sağa Aki Ekle
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -7120,7 +7122,7 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y ekseni
 @msg	toString is not a function	toString bir işlev değil
 @msg	too many arguments	çok fazla bağımsız değişken
 @msg	too many quantifiers	çok fazla niceleyici
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	bilinmeyen OpenType özelliği `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; kapatmak için başına - koyun; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom ve aalt bir alternatifin numarasını `tag=N` biçiminde alır, N 0 ile {_1} arasındadır, örneğin `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	bilinmeyen OpenType özelliği `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; kapatmak için başına - koyun; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom ve aalt bir alternatifin numarasını `tag=N` biçiminde alır, N 0 ile {_1} arasındadır, örneğin `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown dither `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise or none)	bilinmeyen renk taklidi `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise veya none)
 @msg	unknown panel `{panel}`	bilinmeyen panel `{panel}`
 @msg	unknown parameter `{key}`	bilinmeyen parametre `{key}`
@@ -8687,6 +8689,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y ekseni
 	Graphite Pencil	Grafit Kalem
 	Wax Crayon	Mum Boya
 	Charcoal Dust	Kömür Tozu
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Teknik devreler
+	Circuit Trace	Devre izi
+	Bus Lines	Veriyolu hatları
+	Terminal Nodes	Bağlantı düğümleri
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Çentikli Şerit
 	Double Line	Çift Çizgi
 	Wave	Dalga
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/uk.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/uk.tsv
index cef2ac7f83..411b2c3baf 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/uk.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/uk.tsv
@@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ font-technology	Variable	Варіативні
 	Color Guide Options	Параметри колірного гіда
 	Color Guide Options…	Параметри колірного гіда…
 	Color images	Кольорові зображення
-	Color Library	Бібліотека квітів
-	Color Library…	Бібліотека квітів…
+	Color Library	Бібліотека кольорів
+	Color Library…	Бібліотека кольорів…
 	Color Management	Керування кольором
 	Color Mixer (Shift-click the chip)	Змішувач кольорів (Shift+клацання на зразку)
 	Color Mode	Колірний режим
@@ -2705,6 +2705,8 @@ mark-style	Japanese	Японський
 	Proof Setup	Налаштування кольоропроби
 	Properties	Властивості
 	Proportional Metrics	Пропорційні метрики
+	H or V Style	Горизонтальний або вертикальний стиль
+	Roman Italics	Римський курсив
 	Insert Aki Left	Вставити акі ліворуч
 	Insert Aki Right	Вставити акі праворуч
 	Tsume	Цуме
@@ -6415,6 +6417,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Вісь Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Графітний олівець
 	Wax Crayon	Восковий олівець
 	Charcoal Dust	Вугільний пил
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Технічні схеми
+	Circuit Trace	Доріжка схеми
+	Bus Lines	Лінії шини
+	Terminal Nodes	Контактні вузли
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Стрічка з насічками
 	Double Line	Подвійна лінія
 	Wave	Хвиля
@@ -8850,7 +8859,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	Гліфи
 @msg	unexpected resources	неочікувані ресурси
 @msg	unknown CMYK profile `{name}`	невідомий профіль CMYK `{name}`
 @msg	unknown File Info field `{k}`	невідоме поле відомостей про файл `{k}`
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	невідома функція OpenType `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; префікс - вимикає функцію; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom і aalt приймають номер альтернативи у вигляді `tag=N`, де N від 0 до {_1}, наприклад `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	невідома функція OpenType `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; префікс - вимикає функцію; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom і aalt приймають номер альтернативи у вигляді `tag=N`, де N від 0 до {_1}, наприклад `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` in featureChanges (the tags `features` takes)	невідома функція OpenType `{t}` у featureChanges (допустимі теги, які приймає `features`)
 @msg	unknown PDF preset `{name}` (presets: {_1})	невідомий набір PDF `{name}` (набори: {_1})
 @msg	unknown Warp style	невідомий стиль деформації
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/vi.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/vi.tsv
index 70540a0974..1460910197 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/vi.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/vi.tsv
@@ -3017,6 +3017,8 @@ mark-style	Japanese	Kiểu Nhật
 	Proof Setup	Thiết lập thử nghiệm
 	Properties	Thuộc tính
 	Proportional Metrics	Số liệu theo tỷ lệ
+	H or V Style	Kiểu ngang hoặc dọc
+	Roman Italics	Nghiêng Roman
 	Insert Aki Left	Chèn aki bên trái
 	Insert Aki Right	Chèn aki bên phải
 	Tsume	Tsume
@@ -6418,6 +6420,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Trục Y
 	Graphite Pencil	Bút chì than chì
 	Wax Crayon	Bút sáp màu
 	Charcoal Dust	Bụi than
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	Mạch công nghệ
+	Circuit Trace	Đường mạch
+	Bus Lines	Đường bus
+	Terminal Nodes	Nút đầu cuối
+
 	Notched Ribbon	Dải băng khía
 	Double Line	Đường đôi
 	Wave	Sóng
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hans.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hans.tsv
index 0f15c8f948..3fe2f9e009 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hans.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hans.tsv
@@ -2567,6 +2567,8 @@ font-script	Japanese	汉字
 	Proof Setup	校样设置
 	Properties	属性
 	Proportional Metrics	比例度量
+	H or V Style	横排或直排样式
+	Roman Italics	西文斜体
 	Insert Aki Left	在前方插入空白
 	Insert Aki Right	在后方插入空白
 	Tsume	比例间距
@@ -6648,6 +6650,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y 轴
 	Graphite Pencil	石墨铅笔
 	Wax Crayon	蜡笔
 	Charcoal Dust	炭粉
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	电子电路
+	Circuit Trace	电路走线
+	Bus Lines	总线
+	Terminal Nodes	端子节点
+
 	Notched Ribbon	凹口丝带
 	Double Line	双线
 	Wave	波浪
@@ -7748,7 +7757,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	字形
 @msg	too many arguments	参数过多
 @msg	too many quantifiers	量词过多
 @msg	turn on at least one side	请至少打开一条边
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	未知的 OpenType 特性 `{t}` (liga、calt、dlig、smcp、frac、onum、tnum、ordn、swsh、ss01–ss20、salt、titl、pnum、lnum、sups、subs、numr、dnom、aalt；加前缀 - 表示关闭；swsh、ss01–ss20、salt、titl、pnum、lnum、sups、subs、numr、dnom 和 aalt 可用 `tag=N` 指定替代字形的编号，N 为 0 到 {_1}，例如 `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	未知的 OpenType 特性 `{t}` (liga、calt、dlig、smcp、frac、onum、tnum、ordn、swsh、ss01–ss20、salt、titl、pnum、lnum、sups、subs、numr、dnom、aalt、hkna、ital；加前缀 - 表示关闭；swsh、ss01–ss20、salt、titl、pnum、lnum、sups、subs、numr、dnom 和 aalt 可用 `tag=N` 指定替代字形的编号，N 为 0 到 {_1}，例如 `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown dither `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise or none)	未知的仿色 `{d}` (diffusion、pattern、noise 或 none)
 @msg	unknown panel `{panel}`	未知的面板 `{panel}`
 @msg	unknown parameter `{key}`	未知的参数 `{key}`
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hant.tsv b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hant.tsv
index 1af78f38b4..ab7f9d9dd2 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hant.tsv
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hant.tsv
@@ -3787,6 +3787,8 @@ font-script	Japanese	漢字
 	Proof Setup	校樣設定
 	Properties	內容
 	Proportional Metrics	比例度量
+	H or V Style	橫排或直排樣式
+	Roman Italics	羅馬字斜體
 	Insert Aki Left	在前方插入空白
 	Insert Aki Right	在後方插入空白
 	Tsume	比例間距
@@ -6455,6 +6457,13 @@ axis	Y Axis	Y 軸
 	Graphite Pencil	石墨鉛筆
 	Wax Crayon	蠟筆
 	Charcoal Dust	炭粉
+
+# Original procedural circuit brushes.
+	Tech Circuit	電子電路
+	Circuit Trace	電路走線
+	Bus Lines	匯流排
+	Terminal Nodes	端子節點
+
 	Notched Ribbon	凹口緞帶
 	Double Line	雙線
 	Wave	波浪
@@ -7676,7 +7685,7 @@ breakText	Glyphs	字符
 @msg	too many arguments	引數過多
 @msg	too many quantifiers	量詞過多
 @msg	turn on at least one side	請至少開啟一側
-@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	未知的 OpenType 功能 `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt；加上前置的 - 可關閉；swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom 和 aalt 可用 `tag=N` 指定替代字的編號，N 為 0 到 {_1}，例如 `salt=2`)
+@msg	unknown OpenType feature `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital; prefix - to turn off; swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom and aalt take an alternate's number as `tag=N` with N from 0 to {_1}, as `salt=2`)	未知的 OpenType 功能 `{t}` (liga, calt, dlig, smcp, frac, onum, tnum, ordn, swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom, aalt, hkna, ital；加上前置的 - 可關閉；swsh, ss01–ss20, salt, titl, pnum, lnum, sups, subs, numr, dnom 和 aalt 可用 `tag=N` 指定替代字的編號，N 為 0 到 {_1}，例如 `salt=2`)
 @msg	unknown dither `{d}` (diffusion, pattern, noise or none)	未知的仿色 `{d}` (diffusion、pattern、noise 或 none)
 @msg	unknown panel `{panel}`	未知的面板 `{panel}`
 @msg	unknown parameter `{key}`	未知的參數 `{key}`
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs
index 50ed3d8ee5..3f89789d5d 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs
@@ -353,6 +353,10 @@ pub struct VectorcraftApp {
     /// can be driven one simulated frame at a time (production always leaves this `None`).
     #[cfg(test)]
     pub(crate) now_override: Option<f64>,
+    /// An error the next tool choice returns before the engine sees it ([`Self::try_select_tool`]),
+    /// so tests can drive a failed switch (production has no such field).
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fail_next_tool_choice: Option<String>,
     /// The host iteration [`Self::tick`] ran in (`None`: never): once per iteration, never per pass.
     tick_iteration: Option<u64>,
     /// The context, viewport and frame whose UI-phase input was already taken in this host
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/run.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/run.rs
index ff578d81e5..df3f08b55e 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/run.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/run.rs
@@ -679,14 +679,11 @@ fn run_ui_part6(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<Result<
         "window.nextDocument" => crate::chrome::step_document(app, true),
         "window.previousDocument" => crate::chrome::step_document(app, false),
         "tool.select" => match s("tool") {
-            Some(t) if vectorcraft_tools::tool_info(&t).is_some() => {
-                app.select_tool(&t);
-                Ok(json!({"tool": app.session.tool_id()}))
-            }
+            Some(t) if vectorcraft_tools::tool_info(&t).is_some() => app.try_select_tool(&t).map(|()| json!({"tool": app.session.tool_id()})),
             Some(t) => Err(format!("unknown tool `{t}`")),
             None => Err("missing `tool`".into()),
         },
-        crate::touch::TOGGLE_MODE => Ok(crate::touch::toggle_mode(app)),
+        crate::touch::TOGGLE_MODE => crate::touch::toggle_mode(app),
         crate::addons::pathtools::corner::COMMAND => crate::addons::pathtools::corner::open(app),
         crate::addons::pathtools::shared_edge::COMMAND => crate::addons::pathtools::shared_edge::open(app),
         crate::addons::arrange::ZOOM => crate::addons::arrange::zoom(app),
@@ -698,10 +695,7 @@ fn run_ui_part6(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<Result<
         "effect.dialog" => crate::dialogs::open_effect_dialog(app, p),
         "ui.recolorDialog" => crate::dialogs::recolor::open(app, p),
         "ui.cropImage" if !selected_image(app, |_| true) => Err("select an image".into()),
-        "ui.cropImage" => {
-            app.select_tool(vectorcraft_tools::cropimage::ID);
-            Ok(json!({"tool": app.session.tool_id()}))
-        }
+        "ui.cropImage" => app.try_select_tool(vectorcraft_tools::cropimage::ID).map(|()| json!({"tool": app.session.tool_id()})),
         "ui.paramDialog" => {
             let cmd = s("command").unwrap_or_default();
             let mut fields = p.get("params").and_then(Value::as_object).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
@@ -845,6 +839,7 @@ fn run_ui_part8(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<Result<
         "ui.navigatorPanelOptions" => crate::panels::navigator::set_options(app, p),
         "ui.layersExpand" => crate::panels::layers::expand(app, p),
         "ui.layersFilter" => crate::panels::layers::set_filter(app, p),
+        "ui.panelView" => crate::panels::set_view(app, p),
         "ui.flattenTransparencyDialog" => {
             crate::dialogs::flatten::open(app);
             Ok(Value::Null)
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/tests.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/tests.rs
index d8ca0b79ec..1bb152292e 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/tests.rs
@@ -1008,6 +1008,57 @@ fn expand_appearance_is_an_object_menu_item_only() {
     assert_eq!(paths, [vec!["Object".to_string()]]);
 }
 
+/// Object › Distribute follows Object › Align and lists the Align panel's Distribute Objects and
+/// Distribute Spacing buttons, each item running the button's command: dimmed with nothing
+/// selected, spacing three objects evenly, and with a key object sending the Distribute Spacing value.
+#[test]
+fn object_distribute_runs_the_distribute_buttons() {
+    let object = menu_tree().into_iter().find(|(t, _)| *t == "Object").map(|(_, items)| items).unwrap_or_default();
+    let subs: Vec<&str> = object.iter().filter_map(|it| if let Item::Sub(l, _) = it { Some(*l) } else { None }).collect();
+    let align = subs.iter().position(|l| *l == "Align").unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Object › Align: {subs:?}"));
+    assert_eq!(subs.get(align + 1), Some(&"Distribute"), "{subs:?}");
+    let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(vectorcraft_engine::Session::new(), crate::Services::default());
+    app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 200, "height": 200})).unwrap();
+    let items = |app: &VectorcraftApp| -> Vec<MenuEntry> { menu_entries(app).into_iter().filter(|e| e.path == ["Object", "Distribute"]).collect() };
+    let listed: Vec<(String, Option<String>)> = items(&app).into_iter().map(|e| (e.label, e.command)).collect();
+    let expected: Vec<(String, Option<String>)> = [
+        ("Horizontal Distribute Left", "align.distributeHorizontalLeft"),
+        ("Horizontal Distribute Center", "align.distributeHorizontalCenter"),
+        ("Horizontal Distribute Right", "align.distributeHorizontalRight"),
+        ("Vertical Distribute Top", "align.distributeVerticalTop"),
+        ("Vertical Distribute Center", "align.distributeVerticalCenter"),
+        ("Vertical Distribute Bottom", "align.distributeVerticalBottom"),
+        ("Horizontal Distribute Space", "align.distributeHorizontalSpace"),
+        ("Vertical Distribute Space", "align.distributeVerticalSpace"),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .map(|(l, id)| (l.to_string(), Some(id.to_string())))
+    .collect();
+    assert_eq!(listed, expected);
+    assert!(items(&app).iter().all(|e| !e.enabled), "nothing selected");
+    let ids: Vec<Value> = [0, 30, 100]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|x| app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": x, "y": 10, "width": 10, "height": 10})).unwrap()["id"].clone())
+        .collect();
+    app.run("select.set", json!({"ids": ids})).unwrap();
+    let lefts = |app: &VectorcraftApp| -> Vec<f64> {
+        let doc = &app.session.active().unwrap().doc;
+        ids.iter().map(|id| doc.node(vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(id.as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().geometric_bounds().unwrap().x0).collect()
+    };
+    let click = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, label: &str| {
+        let e = items(app).into_iter().find(|e| e.label == label).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{label}"));
+        assert!(e.enabled, "{label}");
+        let (id, p) = click_target(&e.label, e.command.as_deref().unwrap_or_default(), &e.params);
+        invoke(app, &id, p);
+    };
+    click(&mut app, "Horizontal Distribute Left");
+    assert_eq!(lefts(&app), [0.0, 50.0, 100.0], "{}", app.ui.status);
+    app.ui.align_spacing = 5.0;
+    app.run("select.key", json!({"id": ids[0]})).unwrap();
+    click(&mut app, "Horizontal Distribute Space");
+    assert_eq!(lefts(&app), [0.0, 15.0, 30.0], "{}", app.ui.status);
+}
+
 /// Isolation keeps the Lock and Hide actions available for selected members.
 #[test]
 fn lock_and_hide_menus_are_enabled_in_isolation_mode() {
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/tree.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/tree.rs
index cc63a489cf..b718b24080 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/tree.rs
@@ -165,6 +165,23 @@ pub fn menu_tree_named(english_names: bool) -> Vec<(&'static str, Vec<Item>)> {
                         cp("Vertical Align Bottom", "object.align", json!({"vertical": "bottom"})),
                     ],
                 ),
+                // The Align panel's Distribute Objects and Distribute Spacing buttons: each item runs
+                // what a click on its button runs (`crate::panels::align::run_button`).
+                sub(
+                    "Distribute",
+                    vec![
+                        c("Horizontal Distribute Left", "align.distributeHorizontalLeft"),
+                        c("Horizontal Distribute Center", "align.distributeHorizontalCenter"),
+                        c("Horizontal Distribute Right", "align.distributeHorizontalRight"),
+                        Sep,
+                        c("Vertical Distribute Top", "align.distributeVerticalTop"),
+                        c("Vertical Distribute Center", "align.distributeVerticalCenter"),
+                        c("Vertical Distribute Bottom", "align.distributeVerticalBottom"),
+                        Sep,
+                        c("Horizontal Distribute Space", "align.distributeHorizontalSpace"),
+                        c("Vertical Distribute Space", "align.distributeVerticalSpace"),
+                    ],
+                ),
                 Sep,
                 c("Group", "object.group"),
                 c("Ungroup", "object.ungroup"),
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/ui_commands.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/ui_commands.rs
index 4c14966462..d83f03d376 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/ui_commands.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/menus/ui_commands.rs
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         "Cmd+Shift+F6",
         "{} make the open document before the current one in tab order the current one, as a click on its tab does (before the first document it goes to the last, and from the Home screen to the last); each view window.newWindow opened is a step of its own; returns {index}, with `view` for a document with more than one view",
     ),
-    ("tool.select", "Select Tool", "", "{tool: id} (see tools)"),
+    ("tool.select", "Select Tool", "", "{tool: id} (see tools) → {tool}; a tool that cannot be chosen returns the error"),
     (
         "tool.setOption",
         "Tool Option",
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         crate::touch::TOGGLE_MODE,
         "Switch Selection and Drawing Modes",
         "",
-        "{} from the Selection, Direct Selection, Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso or Perspective Selection tool, choose the drawing tool chosen last in this window (none yet: the Pencil tool); from any other tool, choose the Selection tool, remembering the tool left as the drawing tool unless it is the Hand, Rotate View, Zoom or Print Tiling tool → {tool}. A two-finger tap on the canvas runs it in the Touch workspace (Enable Touch Gestures on)",
+        "{} from the Selection, Direct Selection, Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso or Perspective Selection tool, choose the drawing tool chosen last in this window (none yet: the Pencil tool); from any other tool, choose the Selection tool, remembering the tool left as the drawing tool unless it is the Hand, Rotate View, Zoom or Print Tiling tool → {tool}; a tool that cannot be chosen returns the error and leaves the drawing tool as it was. A two-finger tap on the canvas runs it in the Touch workspace (Enable Touch Gestures on)",
     ),
     (
         "effect.dialog",
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         "ui.cropImage",
         "Crop Image",
         "",
-        "{} show a crop box on the selected image (tool `cropImage`): it starts on the part over the image's artboard; drag its handles or inside it, then Enter or the Control bar's Apply crops the image to it (object.cropImage {rect}), Escape or Cancel leaves it as it is, both back to the Selection tool. tool.setOption {key: \"rect\", value: [x, y, width, height]} sets the box",
+        "{} show a crop box on the selected image (tool `cropImage`): it starts on the part over the image's artboard; drag its handles or inside it, then Enter or the Control bar's Apply crops the image to it (object.cropImage {rect}), Escape or Cancel leaves it as it is, both back to the Selection tool. tool.setOption {key: \"rect\", value: [x, y, width, height]} sets the box. → {tool}; a tool that cannot be chosen returns the error",
     ),
     ("effect.applyLast", "Apply Last Effect", "Cmd+Shift+E", "{}"),
     (
@@ -1088,6 +1088,12 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         "",
         "{objects?: [paths|shapes|text|images|effects|groups|linkedFiles|guides], layers?: [locked|hidden]} set the Layers panel's Filter (By Object, By Layer): a row stays when it is of a kind in `objects` and in a state in `layers` (its own lock or eye; an empty list takes every row), or when a row inside it stays; Search All narrows the rows further. A key left out keeps its list. The filter lasts the session and does not change the document, its open rows or the selection → {objects, layers}",
     ),
+    (
+        "ui.panelView",
+        "Set Panel View",
+        "",
+        "{panel: swatches|graphicStyles|symbols, view?} set a panel's view, as the view items of its panel menu do: for swatches smallThumb|mediumThumb (the default)|largeThumb|smallList|largeList, for graphicStyles and symbols thumbnail (the default)|smallList|largeList; without `view`, answer the current one. The view lasts the session and does not change the document; an unknown panel or view is an error and changes nothing → {panel, view}",
+    ),
     (
         "ui.tileEdgeColor",
         "Tile Edge Color…",
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels.rs
index bbe91da5a6..a56bcd7128 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels.rs
@@ -514,6 +514,42 @@ pub(crate) fn set_pstate<T: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(ctx: &egui::Context,
     ctx.data_mut(|d| d.insert_temp(egui::Id::unique(("panel-state", key)), v));
 }
 
+/// `ui.panelView {panel, view?}`: set the view of the Swatches, Graphic Styles or Symbols panel
+/// (`panel`: swatches, graphicStyles or symbols), as the view items of its panel menu do; without
+/// `view`, answer the current one. An unknown panel or view is an error, and then nothing changes.
+/// → {panel, view}
+pub(crate) fn set_view(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, p: &Value) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    fn given<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(p: &Value, err: &str) -> Result<Option<T>, String> {
+        match p.get("view") {
+            None | Some(Value::Null) => Ok(None),
+            Some(v) => serde_json::from_value(v.clone()).map(Some).map_err(|_| err.to_string()),
+        }
+    }
+    let ui = &mut app.ui;
+    let (panel, view) = match p.get("panel").and_then(Value::as_str) {
+        Some("swatches") => {
+            if let Some(v) = given(p, "`view` is smallThumb, mediumThumb, largeThumb, smallList or largeList")? {
+                ui.swatches_view = v;
+            }
+            ("swatches", json!(ui.swatches_view))
+        }
+        Some("graphicStyles") => {
+            if let Some(v) = given(p, "`view` is thumbnail, smallList or largeList")? {
+                ui.graphic_styles_view = v;
+            }
+            ("graphicStyles", json!(ui.graphic_styles_view))
+        }
+        Some("symbols") => {
+            if let Some(v) = given(p, "`view` is thumbnail, smallList or largeList")? {
+                ui.symbols_view = v;
+            }
+            ("symbols", json!(ui.symbols_view))
+        }
+        _ => return Err("`panel` is swatches, graphicStyles or symbols".to_string()),
+    };
+    Ok(json!({ "panel": panel, "view": view }))
+}
+
 /// Whether the panel whose state is `key` has the keyboard for its rows (Delete and Backspace
 /// remove its highlighted rows): it took it with a click on a row ([`set_row_keys`]) and kept it in
 /// every frame since, so it lapses when the panel isn't drawn.
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/actions.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/actions.rs
index 4bab22d52e..a7f32611cc 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/actions.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/actions.rs
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ pub fn default_sets() -> Vec<ActionSet> {
             Action::new("Center on Artboard", vec![step("object.align", json!({"horizontal": "center", "vertical": "center", "to": "artboard"}))]),
             Action::new("Outline Text", vec![step("type.createOutlines", json!({}))]),
             Action::new("Rotate 90° CW", vec![step("object.rotate", json!({"angle": -90}))]),
-            Action::new("Reflect Horizontal", vec![step("object.reflect", json!({"axis": "vertical"}))]),
+            Action::new("Reflect Horizontal", vec![step("object.reflect", json!({"axis": "vertical", "basis": "box"}))]),
         ],
     )]
 }
@@ -2721,6 +2721,28 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// The built-in Reflect Horizontal reflects a rotated object across its bounding box's own axis,
+    /// as the Reflect dialog does, so the box keeps its angle; a saved step without a basis, recorded
+    /// before Reflect followed the box, still reflects across the page's axis.
+    #[test]
+    fn the_built_in_reflect_follows_the_turned_box() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 400, "height": 400})).unwrap();
+        let id = vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(
+            app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 100, "y": 100, "width": 100, "height": 50})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap(),
+        );
+        app.run("select.set", json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+        app.run("object.rotate", json!({"angle": 30})).unwrap();
+        let angle = |app: &VectorcraftApp| app.session.active().unwrap().doc.bbox_angle(&[id]);
+        let reflect = default_sets()[0].actions.iter().position(|a| a.name == "Reflect Horizontal").unwrap();
+        app.ui.action_sets = default_sets();
+        play(&mut app, 0, reflect).unwrap();
+        assert!((angle(&app) - 30.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{}", angle(&app));
+        app.ui.action_sets = vec![ActionSet::new("Old", vec![Action::new("Reflect", vec![("object.reflect".into(), json!({"axis": "vertical"}))])])];
+        play(&mut app, 0, 0).unwrap();
+        assert!((angle(&app) + 30.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{}", angle(&app));
+    }
+
     /// An action recorded with a key its command no longer reads still plays, accelerated and one
     /// step at a time, though the same command run by itself is refused.
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/graphic_styles.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/graphic_styles.rs
index b87f291e67..d7b622ba77 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/graphic_styles.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/graphic_styles.rs
@@ -30,9 +30,10 @@ use crate::menus::Item;
 use crate::theme::Tokens;
 use crate::widgets::{self, PanelDrag, menu_item};
 
-/// The panel's views.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum View {
+/// The panel's views (`ui.panelView {panel: "graphicStyles", view}`).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum View {
     #[default]
     Thumbnail,
     SmallList,
@@ -463,7 +464,7 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
     let looks = look_hashes(ui.ctx(), app);
     let shown = Shown { d: &doc, looks: &looks, preview: pstate(ui.ctx(), "gs-preview") };
     let sel = selected(ui.ctx(), &doc);
-    let view: View = pstate(ui.ctx(), "gs-view");
+    let view = app.ui.graphic_styles_view;
     let mut ev = Events::default();
     // In a sized panel the list fills the space above the footer (#2992), as the Artboards list
     // does; elsewhere it keeps its 220 pt.
@@ -605,10 +606,12 @@ pub fn menu(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
         app.run("graphicStyle.sortByName", json!({})).ok();
     }
     ui.separator();
-    let view: View = pstate(ui.ctx(), "gs-view");
+    let view = app.ui.graphic_styles_view;
     for (v, label) in View::ALL {
-        if menu_item(ui, tl!(label), true, view == v) {
-            set_pstate(ui.ctx(), "gs-view", v);
+        if menu_item(ui, tl!(label), true, view == v)
+            && let Err(e) = app.run("ui.panelView", json!({ "panel": "graphicStyles", "view": v }))
+        {
+            app.status(e);
         }
     }
     ui.separator();
@@ -865,7 +868,7 @@ mod tests {
             app.session.execute("graphicStyle.new", &json!({"name": format!("Style {i:02}")})).unwrap();
         }
         let ctx = egui::Context::default();
-        set_pstate(&ctx, "gs-view", View::LargeList);
+        app.ui.graphic_styles_view = View::LargeList;
         // The clip rect of the first style's name: the list's visible area.
         let mut list = |bottom: Option<f32>| {
             let mut clip = None;
@@ -891,7 +894,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut app = app();
         app.session.execute("graphicStyle.new", &json!({"name": "Mine"})).unwrap();
         let ctx = egui::Context::default();
-        set_pstate(&ctx, "gs-view", View::LargeList);
+        app.ui.graphic_styles_view = View::LargeList;
         let texts = frame(&ctx, |ui| {
             show(&mut app, ui);
             menu(&mut app, ui);
@@ -906,7 +909,7 @@ mod tests {
         let unused: Vec<String> = serde_json::from_value(app.session.execute("graphicStyle.unused", &json!({})).unwrap()["names"].clone()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(unused.len(), 4);
         set_pstate(&ctx, "gs-sel", unused.clone());
-        set_pstate(&ctx, "gs-view", View::SmallList);
+        app.ui.graphic_styles_view = View::SmallList;
         frame(&ctx, |ui| show(&mut app, ui));
         // Delete asks first; OK deletes, and the panel selection follows.
         delete(&mut app, &unused, false);
@@ -967,7 +970,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // A style dragged onto the top half of the first row lands first (Small List View: rows
         // of 18 points from the top of the list).
-        set_pstate(&ctx, "gs-view", View::SmallList);
+        app.ui.graphic_styles_view = View::SmallList;
         frame(&ctx, |ui| show(&mut app, ui));
         let release = |at: egui::Pos2| {
             let up = egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: at, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed: false, modifiers: Default::default() };
@@ -992,7 +995,7 @@ mod tests {
         let n = names(&app);
         assert_eq!(n.len(), 5);
         let ctx = egui::Context::default();
-        set_pstate(&ctx, "gs-view", View::SmallList);
+        app.ui.graphic_styles_view = View::SmallList;
         frame(&ctx, |ui| show(&mut app, ui));
         // A click on row `i` (Small List View: rows of 18 points, 3 apart) with `modifiers` held,
         // a second after the last one so that two clicks on a row are not a double-click.
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/opentype.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/opentype.rs
index 2d872872ff..5db4cfbd17 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/opentype.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/opentype.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! OpenType panel: per-character OpenType features (ligatures, alternates, swashes, small caps,
-//! ordinals, fractions, figure style, position) for the selected text (every frame of each
-//! selected threaded story) or the Type tool's selected characters.
+//! ordinals, fractions, figure style, position, and with the East Asian options the menu's H or V
+//! Style and Roman Italics) for the selected text (every frame of each selected threaded story) or
+//! the Type tool's selected characters.
 
 use egui::Ui;
 use serde_json::json;
@@ -117,10 +118,42 @@ fn shown_figure(app: &VectorcraftApp) -> Option<usize> {
     shared(app, |s| figure(&OtFeatures::from_tags(s.features.iter().map(String::as_str))))
 }
 
-/// Whether `flag` is on for every character the panel acts on (`Some(true)`), for none of them
-/// (`Some(false)`), or only for some (`None`).
+/// Whether `flag` is on for every character a toggle changes (`Some(true)`), for none of them
+/// (`Some(false)`), or only for some (`None`). At a Type tool caret, and after Select All in a
+/// threaded story, the command styles all the text ([`run_features`]), so every character of it
+/// counts, as in [`edit`].
 fn shown_flag(app: &VectorcraftApp, flag: Flag) -> Option<bool> {
-    shared(app, |s| flag.get(&OtFeatures::from_tags(s.features.iter().map(String::as_str))))
+    let on = |s: &CharStyle| flag.get(&OtFeatures::from_tags(s.features.iter().map(String::as_str)));
+    if let Some(mut runs) = whole_text_runs(app) {
+        // A run with no text, such as an empty frame's, counts only when no run has text.
+        if runs.iter().any(|r| !r.text.is_empty()) {
+            runs.retain(|r| !r.text.is_empty());
+        }
+        let Some(first) = runs.first() else {
+            return shared(app, on);
+        };
+        let v = on(&first.style);
+        return runs.iter().all(|r| on(&r.style) == v).then_some(v);
+    }
+    shared(app, on)
+}
+
+/// The runs the panel's commands style as a whole while the Type tool edits text: those of every
+/// frame of the story after Select All in threaded text, else at a caret (an empty selection)
+/// those of the text object. `None` for a range in one text object, or with no Type tool editing.
+fn whole_text_runs(app: &VectorcraftApp) -> Option<Vec<&vectorcraft_doc::TextRun>> {
+    let (id, a, b) = text_editing(app)?;
+    let st = app.session.active()?;
+    let ids = match super::character::text_story(app) {
+        Some(story) => story,
+        None if b <= a => vec![id],
+        None => return None,
+    };
+    let runs = ids.into_iter().filter_map(|id| match &st.doc.node(id)?.kind {
+        NodeKind::Text(t) => Some(t.runs.iter()),
+        _ => None,
+    });
+    Some(runs.flatten().collect())
 }
 
 /// The Figure menu's text for entry `shown`: Mixed when the characters differ.
@@ -150,8 +183,9 @@ impl Change {
 }
 
 /// Make `change` to the features of each character the panel acts on, from the character's own
-/// features (`featureChanges`), unless it changes none of them. At a Type tool caret the
-/// command styles all the text, so every character of the text is checked.
+/// features (`featureChanges`), unless it changes none of them. At a Type tool caret, and after
+/// Select All in a threaded story, the command styles all the text, so every character of it is
+/// checked ([`whole_text_runs`]).
 fn edit(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, change: Change) {
     let same = |s: &CharStyle| {
         let before = OtFeatures::from_tags(s.features.iter().map(String::as_str));
@@ -159,12 +193,9 @@ fn edit(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, change: Change) {
         change.apply(&mut after);
         after == before
     };
-    let unchanged = match text_editing(app) {
-        Some((id, a, b)) if b <= a => match app.session.active().and_then(|st| st.doc.node(id)).map(|n| &n.kind) {
-            Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) => Some(t.runs.iter().all(|r| same(&r.style))),
-            _ => None,
-        },
-        _ => shared(app, same),
+    let unchanged = match whole_text_runs(app) {
+        Some(runs) => Some(runs.iter().all(|r| same(&r.style))),
+        None => shared(app, same),
     };
     if unchanged != Some(true) {
         run_features(app, "featureChanges", OtFeatures::changes(|f| change.apply(f)));
@@ -304,10 +335,29 @@ fn rows() -> [Toggle; 9] {
     ]
 }
 
+/// The panel menu's East Asian items, with Show East Asian Options: label and the feature each
+/// turns on and off. H or V Style sets kana in the forms the font draws for the writing direction
+/// (`hkna`, shaped as `vkna` in vertical type), and Roman Italics sets half-width alphanumerics
+/// in the font's italic forms (`ital`).
+fn east_asian_items() -> [Toggle; 2] {
+    [(tl!("H or V Style"), Flag::Extra("hkna")), (tl!("Roman Italics"), Flag::Extra("ital"))]
+}
+
 pub fn menu(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
-    if menu_item(ui, tl!("Reset OpenType Features"), text_style(app).is_some(), false) {
+    let has = text_style(app).is_some();
+    if menu_item(ui, tl!("Reset OpenType Features"), has, false) {
         set(app, OtFeatures::default());
     }
+    if app.session.prefs.show_east_asian_options {
+        ui.separator();
+        // Checked when every character it changes has it; chosen then, it turns it off.
+        for (label, flag) in east_asian_items() {
+            let on = shown_flag(app, flag) == Some(true);
+            if menu_item(ui, label, has, on) {
+                edit(app, Change::Toggle(flag, !on));
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -715,4 +765,127 @@ mod tests {
         edit(&mut app, Change::Position(4));
         assert_eq!(undo_steps(&app), undo + 1);
     }
+
+    /// H or V Style and Roman Italics are in the panel menu with the East Asian options only.
+    #[test]
+    fn kana_style_and_roman_italics_show_with_the_east_asian_options() {
+        let mut app = selected_text();
+        let shown = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp| {
+            let text = crate::tests_labels::painted_text(app, menu);
+            (text.contains("H or V Style"), text.contains("Roman Italics"))
+        };
+        assert_eq!(shown(&mut app), (false, false));
+        app.session.prefs.show_east_asian_options = true;
+        assert_eq!(shown(&mut app), (true, true));
+    }
+
+    /// With the Type tool's characters only partly set, H or V Style and Roman Italics show
+    /// unchecked; chosen, each turns its feature on for every selected character in one undo step,
+    /// each run keeping its other features, and shows checked; chosen again, it turns it off.
+    /// Reset OpenType Features clears both.
+    #[test]
+    fn kana_style_and_roman_italics_turn_on_and_off() {
+        for (label, tag) in [("H or V Style", "hkna"), ("Roman Italics", "ital")] {
+            let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(vectorcraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+            app.session.prefs.show_east_asian_options = true;
+            app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 300, "height": 200})).unwrap();
+            app.session.select_tool("type", Default::default()).unwrap();
+            let id = app.session.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 40, "text": "かなAB"})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+            app.session.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id, "start": 0, "end": 3, "features": [tag, "smcp"]})).unwrap();
+            app.session.apply_actions(vec![vectorcraft_tools::Action::Notify("text.editNew".into())]).unwrap();
+            // "かなAB" is 8 bytes.
+            app.session.set_tool_option("select", &json!({"start": 0, "end": 8}));
+            let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+            let row = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, label: &str| {
+                let texts = super::super::tests_appearance::frame_events(&ctx, app, vec![], menu);
+                texts.into_iter().find(|(t, _)| t.trim_start_matches(['✓', ' ']) == label).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{label} missing"))
+            };
+            let has = |runs: &[(String, Value)], t: &str| runs.iter().all(|(_, f)| f.as_array().is_some_and(|f| f.iter().any(|x| x == t)));
+            let (text, at) = row(&mut app, label);
+            assert!(!text.starts_with('✓'), "{label}: {text:?}");
+            let undo = undo_steps(&app);
+            super::super::tests_appearance::click(&ctx, &mut app, at.center(), menu);
+            assert_eq!(undo_steps(&app), undo + 1, "{label}");
+            let runs = run_features(&mut app, &id, 8);
+            assert!(has(&runs, tag), "{label}: {runs:?}");
+            assert!(has(&runs[..1], "smcp") && runs[0].0 == "か", "{label} keeps the other features: {runs:?}");
+            let (text, at) = row(&mut app, label);
+            assert!(text.starts_with('✓'), "{label}: {text:?}");
+            super::super::tests_appearance::click(&ctx, &mut app, at.center(), menu);
+            assert_eq!(run_features(&mut app, &id, 8), [("か".to_string(), json!(["smcp"])), ("なAB".to_string(), Value::Null)], "{label} off");
+            app.session.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id, "features": ["hkna", "ital", "dlig"]})).unwrap();
+            let at = row(&mut app, "Reset OpenType Features").1;
+            super::super::tests_appearance::click(&ctx, &mut app, at.center(), menu);
+            assert_eq!(run_features(&mut app, &id, 8), [("かなAB".to_string(), Value::Null)], "{label}: reset");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// At a Type tool caret after a character that has H or V Style or Roman Italics while the
+    /// rest of the text does not, the item and the checkbox rows read every character the command
+    /// styles at a caret (all of them): the item shows unchecked, a Small Caps row set the same way
+    /// shows a dash, and choosing the item turns its feature on for the whole text.
+    #[test]
+    fn caret_items_read_every_character_they_change() {
+        for (label, tag) in [("H or V Style", "hkna"), ("Roman Italics", "ital")] {
+            let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(vectorcraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+            app.session.prefs.show_east_asian_options = true;
+            app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 300, "height": 200})).unwrap();
+            app.session.select_tool("type", Default::default()).unwrap();
+            let id = app.session.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 40, "text": "かなAB"})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+            app.session.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id, "start": 0, "end": 3, "features": [tag, "smcp"]})).unwrap();
+            app.session.apply_actions(vec![vectorcraft_tools::Action::Notify("text.editNew".into())]).unwrap();
+            // The caret after "か", whose style the next typed character takes.
+            app.session.set_tool_option("select", &json!({"start": 3, "end": 3}));
+            assert_eq!(text_editing(&app).map(|(_, a, b)| (a, b)), Some((3, 3)));
+            assert_eq!(shown_flag(&app, Flag::Field(|f| &mut f.small_caps)), None, "{label}: Small Caps row");
+            let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+            let texts = super::super::tests_appearance::frame_events(&ctx, &mut app, vec![], menu);
+            let Some((text, at)) = texts.into_iter().find(|(t, _)| t.trim_start_matches(['✓', ' ']) == label) else { panic!("{label} missing") };
+            assert!(!text.starts_with('✓'), "{label}: {text:?}");
+            super::super::tests_appearance::click(&ctx, &mut app, at.center(), menu);
+            let runs = run_features(&mut app, &id, 8);
+            assert!(runs.iter().all(|(_, f)| f.as_array().is_some_and(|f| f.iter().any(|x| x == tag))), "{label}: {runs:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// After Select All in a threaded story whose edited frame is empty, the item reads the text
+    /// of every frame the command styles: with the story's text set with H or V Style or Roman
+    /// Italics it shows checked, and choosing it turns the feature off for that text.
+    #[test]
+    fn select_all_from_an_empty_frame_reads_the_whole_story() {
+        for (label, tag) in [("H or V Style", "hkna"), ("Roman Italics", "ital")] {
+            let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(vectorcraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+            app.session.prefs.show_east_asian_options = true;
+            app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 600, "height": 300})).unwrap();
+            let story = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog and keeps running far beyond the first frame. ".repeat(4);
+            let area = json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "text": story, "size": 12, "area": {"width": 150, "height": 60}});
+            let a = app.run("text.create", area).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+            let b = app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 200, "y": 10, "width": 150, "height": 200})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+            app.run("select.set", json!({"ids": [a, b]})).unwrap();
+            app.run("text.thread.create", json!({})).unwrap();
+            app.session.select_tool("type", Default::default()).unwrap();
+            app.session.set_tool_option("textSelection", &json!({"editing": a, "anchor": 0, "caret": 0}));
+            app.run("select.all", json!({})).unwrap();
+            // A frame threaded in before the first takes the whole text, leaving the edited frame empty.
+            let c = app.run("text.thread.add", json!({"from": a, "before": true, "rect": [700, 10, 400, 600]})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+            app.run("text.setRangeStyle", json!({"id": c, "features": [tag]})).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(text_editing(&app).map(|(id, a, b)| (id.0, a, b)), Some((a, 0, 0)), "{label}");
+            assert_eq!(super::super::character::text_story(&app).map(|frames| frames.len()), Some(3), "{label}");
+            // The empty frames' runs, which hold no character, without the feature.
+            for id in [a, b] {
+                let doc = std::sync::Arc::make_mut(&mut app.session.doc_mut().unwrap().doc);
+                let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = doc.node_mut(NodeId(id)).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { panic!("no frame {id}") };
+                for r in &mut t.runs {
+                    r.style.features.clear();
+                }
+            }
+            let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+            let texts = super::super::tests_appearance::frame_events(&ctx, &mut app, vec![], menu);
+            let Some((text, at)) = texts.into_iter().find(|(t, _)| t.trim_start_matches(['✓', ' ']) == label) else { panic!("{label} missing") };
+            assert!(text.starts_with('✓'), "{label}: {text:?}");
+            super::super::tests_appearance::click(&ctx, &mut app, at.center(), menu);
+            let runs = run_features(&mut app, &json!(c), story.len());
+            assert!(runs.iter().all(|(_, f)| !f.as_array().is_some_and(|f| f.iter().any(|x| x == tag))), "{label}: {runs:?}");
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/actions.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/actions.rs
index 06c8935d30..b183787366 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/actions.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/actions.rs
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ pub(super) fn new_swatch(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, sel: &[String], m: egui::Modi
 }
 
 pub fn menu(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
-    let view: View = pstate(ui.ctx(), "swatch-view");
+    let view = app.ui.swatches_view;
     let selected = selection(app, ui);
     let del = deletable(&selected);
     let opts = editable(app, &selected);
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ pub fn menu(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
     ui.separator();
     for (v, label) in View::ALL {
         if menu_item(ui, label, true, v == view) {
-            set_pstate(ui.ctx(), "swatch-view", v);
+            app.run("ui.panelView", json!({ "panel": "swatches", "view": v })).ok();
         }
     }
     ui.separator();
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/body.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/body.rs
index e7f86c7b2c..2124774ada 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/body.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/body.rs
@@ -16,17 +16,21 @@ pub(super) fn body(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui, salt: &'static str) {
         crate::panels::empty_state(ui, "swatch-book", tl!("No document"), tl!("Open a document to see its swatches."));
         return;
     }
-    let view: View = pstate(ui.ctx(), "swatch-view");
+    let view = app.ui.swatches_view;
     let kind: Kind = pstate(ui.ctx(), "swatch-kind");
     // Top row: proxy at left, list / grid view toggles at right.
     ui.horizontal(|ui| {
         crate::panels::proxy(app, ui, 34.0);
         ui.add_space(ui.available_width() - 58.0);
+        let mut to = None;
         if widgets::icon_button(ui, "dc-list-view", tl!("Show List View"), view.is_list(), 26.0).clicked() {
-            set_pstate(ui.ctx(), "swatch-view", View::SmallList);
+            to = Some(View::SmallList);
         }
         if widgets::icon_button(ui, "dc-grid-view", tl!("Show Thumbnail View"), !view.is_list(), 26.0).clicked() {
-            set_pstate(ui.ctx(), "swatch-view", View::MediumThumb);
+            to = Some(View::MediumThumb);
+        }
+        if let Some(v) = to {
+            app.run("ui.panelView", json!({ "panel": "swatches", "view": v })).ok();
         }
     });
     ui.add_space(4.0);
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests.rs
index 6ef0d1ee55..6c3872e97f 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests.rs
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ fn find_field_filters_and_shift_extends_over_what_is_shown() {
 fn list_view_rows_take_double_clicks_and_folder_clicks_select_the_group() {
     let mut app = app();
     let ctx = context();
-    set_pstate(&ctx, "swatch-view", View::SmallList);
+    app.ui.swatches_view = View::SmallList;
     double_click_tile(&mut app, &ctx, "Red");
     assert_eq!(app.ui.dialog.as_ref().map(|d| d.kind.as_str()), Some(KIND), "double-click in a list opens Swatch Options");
     let d = &app.session.active().unwrap().doc;
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ fn the_list_fills_a_tall_panel_above_its_footer() {
         app.run("swatch.new", json!({"name": format!("Tone {i:02}"), "color": format!("#{:02x}3060", i * 4)})).unwrap();
     }
     let ctx = context();
-    set_pstate(&ctx, "swatch-view", View::SmallList);
+    app.ui.swatches_view = View::SmallList;
     // The clip rect of the first swatch row's name: the list's visible area.
     let mut list = |bottom: Option<f32>| {
         let mut clip = None;
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests/context_menu.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests/context_menu.rs
index c8231cea00..53749a5ae9 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests/context_menu.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests/context_menu.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ fn harness(view: View) -> Harness<'static, VectorcraftApp> {
             if std::mem::replace(&mut first, false) {
                 egui_extras::install_image_loaders(ui.ctx());
                 crate::theme::install_fonts(ui.ctx());
-                set_pstate(ui.ctx(), "swatch-view", view);
+                app.ui.swatches_view = view;
                 return;
             }
             show(app, ui);
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/symbols.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/symbols.rs
index c0abeb9dac..195d6172f4 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/symbols.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/symbols.rs
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
     let t = Tokens::get(ui.ctx());
     let Some((doc, keys)) = app.session.active().map(|d| (d.doc.clone(), document_symbols(d))) else { return };
     let names: Vec<String> = doc.symbols.iter().map(|s| s.name.clone()).collect();
-    let view: View = pstate(ui.ctx(), VIEW);
+    let view = app.ui.symbols_view;
     let sel = current(app);
     let uid = app.session.active().map(|d| d.uid);
     let marked = marked(ui.ctx(), uid, &names);
@@ -458,10 +458,12 @@ pub fn menu(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
         app.status(e);
     }
     ui.separator();
-    let view: View = pstate(ui.ctx(), VIEW);
+    let view = app.ui.symbols_view;
     for (v, label) in View::ALL {
-        if menu_item(ui, tl!(label), true, view == v) {
-            set_pstate(ui.ctx(), VIEW, v);
+        if menu_item(ui, tl!(label), true, view == v)
+            && let Err(e) = app.run("ui.panelView", json!({ "panel": "symbols", "view": v }))
+        {
+            app.status(e);
         }
     }
     ui.separator();
@@ -475,13 +477,11 @@ pub fn menu(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
 /// The panel state key of the symbols Select All Unused picked.
 const MARKED: &str = "sym-unused";
 
-/// The panel state key of the panel's [`View`].
-const VIEW: &str = "sym-view";
-
 /// The panel's views: Thumbnail View (the default) and the Small and Large List Views, whose rows
-/// show each symbol's thumbnail and name.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum View {
+/// show each symbol's thumbnail and name (`ui.panelView {panel: "symbols", view}`).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum View {
     #[default]
     Thumbnail,
     SmallList,
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Large List View: the row named Dot.
         let ctx = egui::Context::default();
         crate::theme::install_fonts(&ctx);
-        set_pstate(&ctx, VIEW, View::LargeList);
+        app.ui.symbols_view = View::LargeList;
         let raw = egui::RawInput { screen_rect: Some(Rect::from_min_size(Pos2::ZERO, vec2(236.0, 400.0))), ..Default::default() };
         let mut out = ctx.run_ui(raw, |ui| show(&mut app, ui));
         out.textures_delta.clear();
@@ -1238,7 +1238,6 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!((editing(&app), current(&mut app)), (None, Some("Cat".into())), "{view}");
             let ctx2 = egui::Context::default();
             crate::theme::install_fonts(&ctx2);
-            set_pstate(&ctx2, VIEW, pstate::<View>(&ctx, VIEW));
             frame(&ctx2, &mut app, vec![]);
             frame(&ctx2, &mut app, double_click(row));
             assert_eq!(editing(&app).as_deref(), Some("Cat"), "{view}");
@@ -1253,6 +1252,49 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().history.undo.len(), undo);
     }
 
+    /// `ui.panelView` sets the Symbols, Graphic Styles and Swatches panels' views as the view items
+    /// of their panel menus do, and answers the current view without `view`. An unknown panel or
+    /// view, or a view of another panel, is an error and changes nothing.
+    #[test]
+    fn panel_view_sets_the_view_of_each_panel() {
+        use super::super::{graphic_styles, swatches};
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 300, "height": 100})).unwrap();
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        crate::theme::install_fonts(&ctx);
+        for (i, name) in ["ant", "bee"].into_iter().enumerate() {
+            app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 10.0 + 40.0 * i as f64, "y": 10, "width": 30, "height": 20})).unwrap();
+            app.run("symbol.new", json!({"name": name})).unwrap();
+        }
+        let views = |checked: &str| ["Thumbnail View", "Small List View", "Large List View"].map(|v| (v.to_string(), v == checked)).to_vec();
+        assert_eq!(app.run("ui.panelView", json!({"panel": "symbols"})).unwrap(), json!({"panel": "symbols", "view": "thumbnail"}));
+        assert!(panel_labels(&ctx, &mut app, &["ant", "bee"]).is_empty(), "the thumbnails draw no names");
+        let r = app.run("ui.panelView", json!({"panel": "symbols", "view": "largeList"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r, json!({"panel": "symbols", "view": "largeList"}));
+        assert_eq!(view_items(&ctx, &mut app), views("Large List View"), "the panel menu checks it");
+        let names: Vec<String> = panel_labels(&ctx, &mut app, &["ant", "bee"]).into_iter().map(|(t, _)| t).collect();
+        assert_eq!(names, ["ant", "bee"], "the list names the symbols");
+        click_menu(&ctx, &mut app, "Small List View");
+        assert_eq!(app.run("ui.panelView", json!({"panel": "symbols"})).unwrap()["view"], "smallList", "the menu item sets it too");
+        for bad in [
+            json!({"panel": "symbols", "view": "mediumThumb"}),
+            json!({"panel": "symbols", "view": 3}),
+            json!({"panel": "brushes", "view": "smallList"}),
+            json!({"view": "largeList"}),
+        ] {
+            assert!(app.run("ui.panelView", bad.clone()).is_err(), "{bad}");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(app.ui.symbols_view, View::SmallList, "unchanged");
+        let r = app.run("ui.panelView", json!({"panel": "graphicStyles", "view": "largeList"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r, json!({"panel": "graphicStyles", "view": "largeList"}));
+        assert_eq!(app.ui.graphic_styles_view, graphic_styles::View::LargeList);
+        assert_eq!(app.run("ui.panelView", json!({"panel": "swatches"})).unwrap()["view"], "mediumThumb");
+        app.run("ui.panelView", json!({"panel": "swatches", "view": "largeThumb"})).unwrap();
+        assert!(app.run("ui.panelView", json!({"panel": "swatches", "view": "thumbnail"})).is_err());
+        assert_eq!(app.ui.swatches_view, swatches::View::LargeThumb, "unchanged by the error");
+        assert_eq!(app.ui.symbols_view, View::SmallList, "each panel keeps its own view");
+    }
+
     /// The panel menu's Edit Symbol edits the selected instance's symbol, and with no instance
     /// selected the symbol current in the panel.
     #[test]
@@ -1724,7 +1766,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!symbols(h.state_mut()).contains(&"B".to_string()));
 
         // Also test list view
-        set_pstate(&h.ctx, VIEW, View::SmallList);
+        h.state_mut().ui.symbols_view = View::SmallList;
         h.run_steps(2);
         let node_a = h.get_by_label("A");
         let pos_a = node_a.rect().center();
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/tests_brush_libraries.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/tests_brush_libraries.rs
index 6da376c7ca..87fe34953f 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/tests_brush_libraries.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels/tests_brush_libraries.rs
@@ -200,7 +200,8 @@ fn the_window_menu_and_the_brushes_panel_open_brush_libraries() {
             json!("scatter-shapes"),
             json!("game-trails"),
             json!("energy-beams"),
-            json!("dry-media")
+            json!("dry-media"),
+            json!("tech-circuit")
         ]
     );
     let dry = entries.iter().find(|e| under(e) && e.params["library"] == "dry-media").map(|e| e.label.as_str());
@@ -225,6 +226,12 @@ fn the_window_menu_and_the_brushes_panel_open_brush_libraries() {
     click(&mut app, &ctx, "Chalk Grain", Modifiers::NONE, 1.0);
     assert!(has(&app, "Chalk Grain") && !has(&app, "Wax Crayon"));
     assert_eq!(undo_len(&app), undo + 1);
+    let r = app.run("window.brushLibrary", json!({"library": "Tech Circuit"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((r["open"].as_str(), r["count"].as_u64()), (Some("tech-circuit"), Some(3)));
+    let undo = undo_len(&app);
+    click(&mut app, &ctx, "Circuit Trace", Modifiers::NONE, 2.0);
+    assert!(has(&app, "Circuit Trace") && !has(&app, "Bus Lines"));
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&app), undo + 1);
     // Without brushes there is nothing to save.
     let all: Vec<String> = vectorcraft_brush::library(&app.session.doc().unwrap().doc).into_iter().map(|b| b.name).collect();
     app.run("brush.delete", json!({ "names": all })).unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/state.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/state.rs
index b28e4034a7..8c9956b474 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/state.rs
@@ -838,6 +838,14 @@ pub struct UiState {
     /// Search All text does.
     #[serde(skip)]
     pub layers_filter: crate::panels::layers::Filter,
+    /// The Swatches, Graphic Styles and Symbols panels' views, chosen in their panel menus
+    /// (`ui.panelView`). They are not saved and last the session.
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub swatches_view: crate::panels::swatches::View,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub graphic_styles_view: crate::panels::graphic_styles::View,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub symbols_view: crate::panels::symbols::View,
     /// The Image Trace panel's Advanced section is open (as it was last left).
     #[serde(default = "yes")]
     pub image_trace_advanced: bool,
@@ -1242,6 +1250,9 @@ impl Default for UiState {
             layers_panel: Default::default(),
             navigator_panel: Default::default(),
             layers_filter: Default::default(),
+            swatches_view: Default::default(),
+            graphic_styles_view: Default::default(),
+            symbols_view: Default::default(),
             image_trace_advanced: true,
             image_trace_preview: true,
             glyphs_preview: 0,
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/touch.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/touch.rs
index 7cd1a4ad76..48db775c31 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/touch.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/touch.rs
@@ -153,19 +153,20 @@ pub(crate) fn is_drawing_tool(id: &str) -> bool {
 
 /// [`TOGGLE_MODE`]: from a tool of selection mode, choose the drawing tool chosen last (none yet:
 /// [`FIRST_DRAWING_TOOL`]); from any other tool, keep it as the drawing tool and choose the
-/// Selection tool. → `{tool}`, the tool now active.
-pub(crate) fn toggle_mode(app: &mut crate::VectorcraftApp) -> serde_json::Value {
+/// Selection tool. → `{tool}`, the tool now active. A switch that fails returns its error and
+/// leaves the drawing tool to return to as it was.
+pub(crate) fn toggle_mode(app: &mut crate::VectorcraftApp) -> Result<serde_json::Value, String> {
     let now = app.session.tool_id().to_string();
-    let next = if selects(&now) {
-        app.ui.touch_drawing_tool.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| FIRST_DRAWING_TOOL.to_string())
+    let (next, outgoing) = if selects(&now) {
+        (app.ui.touch_drawing_tool.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| FIRST_DRAWING_TOOL.to_string()), None)
     } else {
-        if is_drawing_tool(&now) {
-            app.ui.touch_drawing_tool = Some(now);
-        }
-        "selection".to_string()
+        ("selection".to_string(), is_drawing_tool(&now).then_some(now))
     };
-    app.select_tool(&next);
-    serde_json::json!({"tool": app.session.tool_id()})
+    app.try_select_tool(&next)?;
+    if let Some(tool) = outgoing {
+        app.ui.touch_drawing_tool = Some(tool);
+    }
+    Ok(serde_json::json!({"tool": app.session.tool_id()}))
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/docs/control-protocol.md b/docs/control-protocol.md
index 115412d241..e6f3621e8e 100644
--- a/docs/control-protocol.md
+++ b/docs/control-protocol.md
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ the two can still win that race.
 | `ui.click` / `ui.drag` | `{x, y, button?, count?, shift?, alt?, ctrl?, cmd?}` / `{x, y, toX, toY, steps?, count?, button?, shift?, alt?, ctrl?, cmd?}` | egui pointer input; see synthetic input budgets above |
 | `ui.wheel` | `{x, y, dy?, dx?, unit?: "line"\|"point", shift?, alt?, cmd?}` | a mouse wheel turn over screen point (x, y): `dy` notches up (+) or down, `dx` sideways. Over the canvas the wheel scrolls, Cmd-wheel (Ctrl on Windows and Linux) scrolls sideways and Alt-wheel (Option on the Mac) zooms about the pointer (with the `ctrlWheelScrollsSideways` preference off, Cmd-wheel zooms too); with the `zoomWithMouseWheel` preference the wheel and Alt-wheel zoom about the pointer, Shift-wheel scrolls up and down and Cmd-wheel (Ctrl on Windows and Linux) sideways. Over a focused numeric field (click it first) each notch steps its value as Up/Down do (Shift: ten, Cmd/Ctrl: a tenth) and the panel stays put; over anything else in a panel the wheel scrolls it. Over the canvas, the wheel preferences in `docs/mcp.md` change what these keys do |
 | `ui.set` | `{brightness?, panel?, rulers?, outline?, grid?, smartGuides?, boundingBox?, controlBar?, imageTracePreview?}` | `outline`: View › Outline for the active document only (each document has its own, a document opens in Preview, and `ui.inspect` shows it as `view.outline`; an error without a document). `imageTracePreview`: the Image Trace panel's Preview (`ui.inspect` shows it as `ui.image_trace_preview`) |
-| `ui.dialog.set` / `.confirm` / `.cancel` | `{field, value, action?}` or `{fields: [{field, value}…], action?}` | fill and submit the open dialog. `ui.dialog.set` takes the fields the dialog has (`ui.inspect`) other than its `__` fields, the `__` fields that are controls of the dialog (such as `__section` and `__allArtboards` in Save PDF, `__constrain` in Transform Each and the shape dialogs, and `__search` and `__category` in Preferences; Save PDF's and Print's `__savePresetAs`, the preset name, only while Save Preset… asks for it, since OK then saves a preset), `discard` on a dialog with a discard button, `preview` on one with a live preview, the fields that the dialog reads but adds only when a control changes (such as `searchFolder`, or `copy` in the Transform dialogs), and the fields it passes to the command it runs: every parameter of the `command` dialog's command (`ui.paramDialog`), and the `textureImage` that Load Texture… sets in the Glass and Texturizer effects; any other field is an error that lists the dialog's fields, and the dialog stays as it was. Any other `__` field, held or not, holds what the dialog's OK acts on (such as the `__command` and `__params` of a `confirm` or `command` dialog) or the dialog's own state: setting it is the error "the `<kind>` dialog cannot set protected field `<field>`", and the dialog stays as it was. `fields` sets the list (at most 256 items) in order (a missing `value` is `null`) and checks every item first: when one is refused, the call is an error and no field changes. `action: "confirm"` or `"cancel"` on `ui.dialog.set` then confirms or cancels the same dialog in the same request, as `ui.dialog.confirm` and `ui.dialog.cancel` do, and the reply is `{dialog, result}`: the dialog after the fields were set and the reply to confirm (`null` for cancel); any other `action` is an error and no field changes |
+| `ui.dialog.set` / `.confirm` / `.cancel` | `{field, value, action?}` or `{fields: [{field, value}…], action?}` | fill and submit the open dialog. `ui.dialog.set` takes the fields the dialog has (`ui.inspect`) other than its `__` fields, the `__` fields that are controls of the dialog (such as `__section` and `__allArtboards` in Save PDF, `__constrain` in Transform Each and the shape dialogs, and `__search` and `__category` in Preferences; Save PDF's and Print's `__savePresetAs`, the preset name, only while Save Preset… asks for it, since OK then saves a preset), `discard` on a dialog with a discard button, `preview` on one with a live preview, the fields that the dialog reads but adds only when a control changes (such as `searchFolder`, or `copy` in the Transform dialogs), and the fields it passes to the command it runs: every parameter of the `command` dialog's command (`ui.paramDialog`), and the `textureImage` that Load Texture… sets in the Glass, Texturizer and Rough Pastels effects; any other field is an error that lists the dialog's fields, and the dialog stays as it was. Any other `__` field, held or not, holds what the dialog's OK acts on (such as the `__command` and `__params` of a `confirm` or `command` dialog) or the dialog's own state: setting it is the error "the `<kind>` dialog cannot set protected field `<field>`", and the dialog stays as it was. `fields` sets the list (at most 256 items) in order (a missing `value` is `null`) and checks every item first: when one is refused, the call is an error and no field changes. `action: "confirm"` or `"cancel"` on `ui.dialog.set` then confirms or cancels the same dialog in the same request, as `ui.dialog.confirm` and `ui.dialog.cancel` do, and the reply is `{dialog, result}`: the dialog after the fields were set and the reply to confirm (`null` for cancel); any other `action` is an error and no field changes |
 | `ui.screenshot` | `{path?, data?}` | capture the window (PNG), written to `path`; `data: true` sends it back as `pngBase64` too. The inline PNG is capped at 64 MiB: with a `path` the file is still written and `pngBase64` is omitted when the image is larger, while a path-less `data: true` request fails if either the raw RGBA image or the encoded PNG exceeds the cap. Needs a presented frame: with the screen locked or the window minimized/covered it fails after ~8 s with an explanatory error |
 | `ui.render` | `{path?, scale?, artboard?, data?, traceViews?}` | render an artboard headlessly (PNG with the pixels of `app.export {format: "png", background: "white"}` at the same scale; `artboard`: its 0-based index, default the first; `traceViews: true`: Image Trace objects draw in their View, as on the canvas, instead of their tracing result): written to `path`, else (or with `data: true` as well) sent back as `pngBase64` |
 | `ui.render` | `{path?, scale?, artboard?, data?}` | render an artboard headlessly (PNG with the pixels of `app.export {format: "png", background: "white"}` at the same scale; `artboard`: its 0-based index, default the first): written to `path`, else (or with `data: true` as well) sent back as `pngBase64` |
diff --git a/docs/file-format-parity.md b/docs/file-format-parity.md
index bf52925f5c..06405fa620 100644
--- a/docs/file-format-parity.md
+++ b/docs/file-format-parity.md
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ private editing data. VectorCraft:
   group is tagged once and paints its marks with one fill and one stroke, which the graph keeps as that series'
   paint; Graph Data then edits it. Other graphs (pie and scatter graphs, graphs with designs or
   customizations, records of later versions) come in as plain groups, paths and type, with a note. Saving a graph to
-  `.ai`, in either form, writes its art without its data or settings, with a warning.
+  `.ai`, in either form, writes these records around its art when the reader above reads them back as the same graph,
+  so the file opens again with its data and settings; any other graph is written as its art, with a warning.
   Legacy `.ai` patterns in the version 7 form (a list of `@` and `&` layers, `_ &` for the tile's background)
   open as pattern swatches, with a fill's offset, scale, rotation, reflection and shear applied before its
   matrix. Legacy `.ai` linked images in
@@ -290,8 +291,8 @@ Names in the editing data that aren't UTF-8 (layers, objects, artboards, colors,
 | HP-GL/2 `.plt`, `.hpgl`, `.hgl`, `.hpg` | — | yes (pen moves, pens and widths, line types and attributes, circles, arcs, wedges and Bézier curves, filled and edged rectangles, wedges and polygons, encoded polylines, scaling and rotation; labels, symbol mode, raster images and hatching aren't drawn) | yes (`.plt`: each visible path once along its line, a pen per color or a pen table, type as outlines, clipping applied, HP-GL or HP-GL/2 with pen colors and encoded polylines) | recognized by its first instructions after any printer escapes, under its own extensions or one no other format reads; `crates/cad/src/hpgl/tests.rs`, `crates/cad/src/hpgl/write/tests.rs` (plots read back by the reader), `tests_hpgl.rs`, `import_fuzz.rs` |
 | DWG | open, export | no | no | no open spec; DXF instead |
 | EMF / WMF | open, export | yes | yes | an oversized embedded PNG or JPEG is refused from its header, before any pixels are decoded (#1776) |
-| PSD | open, place, export | yes (open: layers as layers, or the merged image with `layers: false`; place: merged image; every mode and depth; `.psd` and `.pdd`) | yes (layered, max editability) | placing as layers and a PSD import options dialog missing; the embedded ICC profile's tags are 4-byte aligned (#1584) |
-| PSB | open | yes (layers as layers, or the merged image) | no | |
+| PSD | open, place, export | yes (open: layers as layers, or the merged image with `layers: false`; place: merged image; the merged image comes in clipped by the file's clipping path; every mode and depth; `.psd` and `.pdd`) | yes (layered, max editability) | placing as layers and a PSD import options dialog missing; the embedded ICC profile's tags are 4-byte aligned (#1584) |
+| PSB | open | yes (layers as layers, or the merged image; the merged image comes in clipped by the file's clipping path) | no | |
 | PNG / JPEG / GIF / BMP / TIFF / Targa | open, place, export | yes (PNG: `.png` and `.pns`; BMP: `.bmp`, `.dib` and `.rle`; Targa: `.tga`, `.vda`, `.icb` and `.vst`, raw or run-length encoded, with a 16-bit file's one-bit alpha) | yes; TIFF is also selectable in Export for Screens and Asset Export with its existing options | Targa: `tests_tiffbmp.rs`, `tests/links.rs`; TIFF: grayscale with an alpha channel or other extra channels reads (#1466 in part), and so do files that store each channel as its own plane (PlanarConfiguration 2), CMYK ones with their ink amounts, and 1-bit files compressed with CCITT Group 3 (Compression 2 and 3, one- and two-dimensional rows); the ICC profiles embedded in JPEG and TIFF have 4-byte aligned tags (#1584); PNG export marks its colours as sRGB (`embedIcc`, an `sRGB` chunk; no ICC profile is embedded, #2221) |
 | WebP | export (Export for Screens) | yes | yes (lossless only; lossy written lossless with a warning) | |
 | JPEG XL `.jxl` | — | yes (first frame; 16-bit and floating-point samples as 8 bits, alpha kept; CMYK refused) | no | decoded with jxl-oxide; the size is checked from the header before decoding; container Exif resolution sizes opened and placed images; tests in `crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_jxlread.rs` and `crates/engine/tests/import_fuzz.rs` |
diff --git a/docs/gaps.md b/docs/gaps.md
index a38efc28fe..7405f9ff15 100644
--- a/docs/gaps.md
+++ b/docs/gaps.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Gaps
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-15 · **Change:** minor (G12: Swatches item menus tested and rendered; merged branch Linux full CI passed; upstream test-helper compile correction included (#7727); Windows engine baseline failures noted; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: G5: built-in Weather Icons symbol library (Sun, Moon, Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Snow); estimate 5–15 → 4–14 h; previously: 3D: the seams of white-light Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate, and the face seams of the 3D (Classic) effects, have round joins instead of miters; previously: PDF import: preserve Type 3 font text runs as named groups <g>, or as live text in TextAs::Text mode if ToUnicode exists on non-colour fonts (TextAs::Outlines produces grouped outlines), #6740; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: icon-strip flyouts also resize from the top edge and the canvas-side top corner, keeping the moved top in workspaces (storytold/craft-libs#1094); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: #6865: oversized editing artboard import; Glyphs panel: Alternates for Current Selection applies an OpenType feature value (`salt=2`) to the selected letter alone, so an Arabic word stays joined, and Entire Font lists the unencoded glyphs, #5514; #6404: transform-aware Eyedropper character copying; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: G5: built-in Energy Beams brush library; estimate 5–15 → 4–14 h; previously minor: G5: built-in Skill Icons symbol library; estimate 6–16 → 5–15 h; previously minor: ruler double-click adds a guide at the pointer, #5239; G5: built-in Status Effects graphic style library; estimate 7–17 → 6–16 h; MCP docs catch-up for UI Frames and Map Markers; previously minor: G5: built-in Inventory Icons symbol library; estimate 8–18 → 7–17 h; previously minor: G9: `.ai` save names a variable font instance's design-space setting, #6388; previously minor: G5: built-in Game Trails brush library; estimate 9–19 → 8–18 h; previously minor: Edit › Edit Custom Dictionary…: its dialog adds, deletes and changes the custom dictionary's words, #4936; previously minor: docs tidy-up, no content change: stray notes at the top moved into the revision table; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: G5: built-in Game HUD graphic style library; estimate 10–20 → 9–19 h; previously minor: G5: built-in Map Markers symbol library; estimate 11–21 → 10–20 h; previously minor: right-click on type: Spelling › Auto Spell Check, with its check mark, #4936; previously minor: right-click on a word Auto Spell Check underlined: its suggestions, Ignore All and Add to Dictionary, #4936; previously minor: G2: Effect Gallery thumbnails and in-dialog preview; estimate 1–2 h → 0; Auto Spell Check: `edit.autoSpellCheck` underlines the unknown words, #4936; previously minor: PDF editable import preserves authored ActualText once, including empty/nested spans and authored ordering (#6165); cross-line/style layout remains approximate; scores and estimates unchanged; PDF marked-text export (#6309): compatible glyphs stay on one layout line with per-glyph offsets; scores and estimates unchanged; G5: built-in UI Frames symbol library with default 9-slice; estimate 11–21 h; previously minor: G5: dynamic symbol part on-canvas takes opacity, blend, gradient and pattern; docs Overlap/auto-corners sync; estimate 12–22 h; previously minor: interim macOS cursor delivery, #2292; native validation pending; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Control bar › Snapping includes the existing Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides toggles (#6164); scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: G5 docs: Art brush Overlap, Pattern brush auto corners and Global Edit Shift-click leave-out moved from Missing to Done (code already shipped); previously minor: custom dictionary and Ignore All: `text.spelling.addWord`, `removeWord`, `changeWord`, `dictionary` and `ignoreAll`, #4936; previously minor: EPS import: embedded fonts (composite, Type 42, CID-keyed, Type 1, CFF FontSet) draw their glyphs; spell check engine: `text.spelling.check` and `text.spelling.suggest` on craft-proof, #4936; previously minor: floating tab groups collapse into the side icon rail and opened rail panels fold back into it, #5925 in part; G9: EPS gradients drawn as abutting strips import as one gradient, without seams; Tools stays beside the canvas with left-side panels; new gradients follow document color mode; Selection QoL: marquee modes and visible feedback, #5313; #3380 deletion-only review follow-up: independent survivors keep gradient placement, owned subpaths avoid discarded copies, and contracts/status/evidence are clarified; endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged; Indian-language hyphenation review and license allowlist, #4947; opening a slow file shows a progress window, part of #5930; Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; agent wording pass complete; wider native proofreading welcome; an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only where it shows (#4155); scores and estimates unchanged; a document's first frame renders on the render worker, so opening a heavy file no longer freezes the window; scores and estimates unchanged; large images in CMYK documents are shrunk before they are separated into ink planes (#4155); scores and estimates unchanged; `.ai` paths with a Calligraphic brush open brushed, with the 6D Art Pen's channels, and Windows reads the pen's tilt and barrel rotation, #372; scores and estimates unchanged; Compound Shapes add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; Contour add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; a slow first frame is waited for instead of restarting without the graphics adapter, and the menu bar no longer waits for the installed fonts' scan; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-14 · **Change:** minor (Tech Circuit brush library, G5; previously: G5: built-in Weather Icons symbol library (Sun, Moon, Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Snow); estimate 5–15 → 4–14 h; previously: 3D: the seams of white-light Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate, and the face seams of the 3D (Classic) effects, have round joins instead of miters; previously: PDF import: preserve Type 3 font text runs as named groups <g>, or as live text in TextAs::Text mode if ToUnicode exists on non-colour fonts (TextAs::Outlines produces grouped outlines), #6740; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: icon-strip flyouts also resize from the top edge and the canvas-side top corner, keeping the moved top in workspaces (storytold/craft-libs#1094); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: #6865: oversized editing artboard import; Glyphs panel: Alternates for Current Selection applies an OpenType feature value (`salt=2`) to the selected letter alone, so an Arabic word stays joined, and Entire Font lists the unencoded glyphs, #5514; #6404: transform-aware Eyedropper character copying; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: G5: built-in Energy Beams brush library; estimate 5–15 → 4–14 h; previously minor: G5: built-in Skill Icons symbol library; estimate 6–16 → 5–15 h; previously minor: ruler double-click adds a guide at the pointer, #5239; G5: built-in Status Effects graphic style library; estimate 7–17 → 6–16 h; MCP docs catch-up for UI Frames and Map Markers; previously minor: G5: built-in Inventory Icons symbol library; estimate 8–18 → 7–17 h; previously minor: G9: `.ai` save names a variable font instance's design-space setting, #6388; previously minor: G5: built-in Game Trails brush library; estimate 9–19 → 8–18 h; previously minor: Edit › Edit Custom Dictionary…: its dialog adds, deletes and changes the custom dictionary's words, #4936; previously minor: docs tidy-up, no content change: stray notes at the top moved into the revision table; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: G5: built-in Game HUD graphic style library; estimate 10–20 → 9–19 h; previously minor: G5: built-in Map Markers symbol library; estimate 11–21 → 10–20 h; previously minor: right-click on type: Spelling › Auto Spell Check, with its check mark, #4936; previously minor: right-click on a word Auto Spell Check underlined: its suggestions, Ignore All and Add to Dictionary, #4936; previously minor: G2: Effect Gallery thumbnails and in-dialog preview; estimate 1–2 h → 0; Auto Spell Check: `edit.autoSpellCheck` underlines the unknown words, #4936; previously minor: PDF editable import preserves authored ActualText once, including empty/nested spans and authored ordering (#6165); cross-line/style layout remains approximate; scores and estimates unchanged; PDF marked-text export (#6309): compatible glyphs stay on one layout line with per-glyph offsets; scores and estimates unchanged; G5: built-in UI Frames symbol library with default 9-slice; estimate 11–21 h; previously minor: G5: dynamic symbol part on-canvas takes opacity, blend, gradient and pattern; docs Overlap/auto-corners sync; estimate 12–22 h; previously minor: interim macOS cursor delivery, #2292; native validation pending; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Control bar › Snapping includes the existing Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides toggles (#6164); scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: G5 docs: Art brush Overlap, Pattern brush auto corners and Global Edit Shift-click leave-out moved from Missing to Done (code already shipped); previously minor: custom dictionary and Ignore All: `text.spelling.addWord`, `removeWord`, `changeWord`, `dictionary` and `ignoreAll`, #4936; previously minor: EPS import: embedded fonts (composite, Type 42, CID-keyed, Type 1, CFF FontSet) draw their glyphs; spell check engine: `text.spelling.check` and `text.spelling.suggest` on craft-proof, #4936; previously minor: floating tab groups collapse into the side icon rail and opened rail panels fold back into it, #5925 in part; G9: EPS gradients drawn as abutting strips import as one gradient, without seams; Tools stays beside the canvas with left-side panels; new gradients follow document color mode; Selection QoL: marquee modes and visible feedback, #5313; #3380 deletion-only review follow-up: independent survivors keep gradient placement, owned subpaths avoid discarded copies, and contracts/status/evidence are clarified; endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged; Indian-language hyphenation review and license allowlist, #4947; opening a slow file shows a progress window, part of #5930; Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; agent wording pass complete; wider native proofreading welcome; an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only where it shows (#4155); scores and estimates unchanged; a document's first frame renders on the render worker, so opening a heavy file no longer freezes the window; scores and estimates unchanged; large images in CMYK documents are shrunk before they are separated into ink planes (#4155); scores and estimates unchanged; `.ai` paths with a Calligraphic brush open brushed, with the 6D Art Pen's channels, and Windows reads the pen's tilt and barrel rotation, #372; scores and estimates unchanged; Compound Shapes add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; Contour add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; a slow first frame is waited for instead of restarting without the graphics adapter, and the menu bar no longer waits for the installed fonts' scan; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
 
 ## Feature submission evidence
 
@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ Artboard Options forwards the active Artboard tool's Scale Artwork with Artboard
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
-| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G12: Swatches item context menus in list and thumbnail views: Swatch Options…, Duplicate Swatch and Delete Swatch target the clicked item without applying paint. Reserved or missing swatches disable actions. Headless interaction tests added; execution and visual verification pending. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G12: Symbols panel context menu: right-click on a symbol in thumbnail or list view displays a context menu (Place Symbol Instance, Edit Symbol, Duplicate Symbol, Delete Symbol, Break Link to Symbol, Select All Instances), selecting the symbol first if unselected; scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G5: Weather Icons joins Basic Shapes, UI Frames, Map Markers, Inventory Icons and Skill Icons as a sixth built-in symbol library (Sun, Moon, Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Snow; original procedural vector symbols generated in code, no default 9-slice); estimate decremented (5–15 → 4–14 h). |
+| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-14 | minor | G5: Tech Circuit adds three original procedural brushes (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines, Terminal Nodes); ten built-in brush libraries. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); parity scores and headline totals unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G12: Layers panel row context menu (Options…, Duplicate, Delete, Lock Others/Show All/Hide Others/Unlock All, Locate Object, Collect for Export) with selection handling and undo tracking. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | PDF import: preserve Type 3 font text runs as named groups `<g>`, or as live text in `TextAs::Text` mode if `/ToUnicode` exists on non-colour fonts (`TextAs::Outlines` produces grouped outlines) (#6740); scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-08 | minor | #3380, deletion only: preserve gradient placement and exact surviving geometry; consume owned subpaths with a shared original-node snapshot; consolidate status/evidence and document command/helper contracts. Compound behavior and the existing M2 status entry are retained. Endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged. |
@@ -526,6 +527,7 @@ macOS cursor delivery (#2292) is narrowed to a native host adapter using the exi
 ## G2 Photoshop-style raster effects and the Effect Gallery
 
 - **Done:** Effect › Texture › Texturizer › Load Texture… (stored grayscale `textureImage`, Loaded Texture in the Texture menu), matching Glass.
+- **Done:** Effect › Artistic › Rough Pastels › Load Texture… ([raster effects reference](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/special-effects-styles/apply-filter-effects/raster-effects-reference.html)): the image's gray levels are the paper surface, stored with the effect, listed as Loaded Texture in the Texture menu, with Scaling, Relief, Light Direction and Invert acting on it.
 - **Done:** the Effect Gallery's filter thumbnails and in-dialog preview ([Filter Gallery overview](https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/effects-filters/get-started-with-filters/filter-gallery.html)). Each thumbnail is an original landscape drawing passed through that filter at its defaults; the preview area shows the same drawing through the visible stack, or through the filter being browsed when the stack is empty. The canvas preview and the one-undo OK are unchanged (`dialogs::effect_gallery::tests::gallery_shows_thumbnails_and_an_in_dialog_preview`). All 57 Photoshop-style filters are in the catalogue. Measured in
   [effects-parity.md](effects-parity.md).
 - **Done:** the Effect Gallery (#2883): Effect › Effect Gallery… browses the Artistic, Brush Strokes, Distort, Sketch, Stylize and Texture filters, edits each filter's settings, builds an ordered stack (add, reorder, hide, remove) with a live canvas preview, and OK applies it as separate appearance effects in one undo step (`dialogs::effect_gallery::tests::stack_ok_is_one_undo_step`, `stack_preview_is_one_interaction`).
@@ -663,8 +665,8 @@ macOS cursor delivery (#2292) is narrowed to a native host adapter using the exi
   libraries ([public source](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/create-new-brush-libraries.html),
   [import](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/import-brushes-from-brush-libraries-or-other-files.html)):
   Window › Brush Libraries and the Brushes panel's Brush Libraries Menu open each library in a library panel of
-  its own (nine original libraries generated in code: Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle Brushes (one
-  bristle brush for each tip shape), Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams and Dry Media (grainy chalk, pencil, crayon and charcoal art brushes); User Defined; Other Library… reads the brushes of any document VectorCraft opens); a
+  its own (ten original libraries generated in code: Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle Brushes (one
+  bristle brush for each tip shape), Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams, Dry Media (grainy chalk, pencil, crayon and charcoal art brushes) and Tech Circuit (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines and Terminal Nodes); User Defined; Other Library… reads the brushes of any document VectorCraft opens); a
   click adds a
   brush to the document's Brushes with the patterns, symbols and other resources its art uses, as one undo
   step (applied to the selected paths in the same step), dragging one onto a path adds and applies it and
@@ -685,9 +687,9 @@ macOS cursor delivery (#2292) is narrowed to a native host adapter using the exi
   Fine Grain, Canvas Weave, Burlap Sack, Cracked Glaze, Mosaic Floor, Quilted Squares, Leaded Glass and Damp Paper,
   painted with the texture effects; User Defined; Other Library…; `graphicStyle.libraries`,
   `graphicStyle.addFromLibrary`).
-- **Missing:** more built-in brush libraries beyond the eight shipped (and further graphic-style libraries beyond the ten shipped, and further symbol libraries beyond Basic
+- **Missing:** more built-in brush libraries beyond the ten shipped (and further graphic-style libraries beyond the ten shipped, and further symbol libraries beyond Basic
   Shapes, UI Frames, Map Markers, Inventory Icons, Skill Icons and Weather Icons; original, generated in code, never Adobe's); dynamic symbols' `.ai` read and write.
-- **Estimate:** 4–14 h.
+- **Estimate:** 3–13 h (estimated).
 
 ## G3 3D and Materials
 
@@ -890,9 +892,10 @@ trap, and the defaults (0.25 pt, 100%, 40%) are VectorCraft's own, the pages giv
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
-| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G12: Swatches item context menus implemented in list and thumbnail views, with clicked-item actions and reserved/missing-swatch guards. Harness tests added; execution and visual verification pending. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-14 | minor | Tech Circuit adds three original procedural brushes (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines, Terminal Nodes); ten built-in brush libraries. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); parity scores and headline totals unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | 3D: The seams of Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate under a white light, and of the faces of Extrude & Bevel (Classic), Revolve (Classic) and Rotate (Classic), went from miter to round joins (the seams of Revolve and of colored lights, and 3D (Classic) Wireframe edges, were already round): no thorns on edge-on facets, and facets with no neighbour now have rounded convex corners ([three-d.md](three-d.md#seams)). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | Explicit editing-data import keeps a single artboard beyond a capped 14,400 pt PDF page (#6865), with a warning; automatic mode stays unchanged. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-09 | minor | G4 review (#6084): positional variants no supported feature draws can be applied as glyph choices in both Glyphs views; unlisted glyphs still respect name ownership. OpenType style options keep only a valid last on-value when enabling a set. Existing contextual/ligature lookup and unsupported-feature gaps remain; estimate unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-07 | minor | G4: the Glyphs panel's Alternates for Current Selection applies the OpenType feature that draws a variant to that letter alone (`salt=2`; the style commands take `tag=N`; runs that differ only in their features shape as one piece of text), so an Arabic word stays joined, and Show › Entire Font lists the unencoded glyphs (#5514). Estimate unchanged. |
@@ -1140,3 +1143,5 @@ trap, and the defaults (0.25 pt, 100%, 40%) are VectorCraft's own, the pages giv
 2026-10-28 behavior correction: Flare ray rotation follows vertical travel at one degree per document point, independent of pointer event count. Shift freezes the current orientation; Space also freezes rotation on the first update. This is the chosen application interaction rate. Scores and estimates unchanged.
 ## EPS Save evidence (2026-10-26)
 Ordinary Save and Save As keep EPS as EPS, with the chosen page frame, transparent margins and the complete editable VectorCraft document. Existing import-loss confirmation and transparency warnings remain; the Save TIFF preview is capped at 1024 pixels, while Export retains 2048. See [file-format-parity.md](file-format-parity.md#eps-save-and-source-protection) for limits and regression evidence. This narrows G9 save-back workflow coverage; native Illustrator editing-data fidelity, parity scores and hour estimates are unchanged. Since 2026-11-12 the EPS Options of Save As show Use Artboards, unchecked by default: unchecked, the bounding box fits the visible art; checked, Save keeps the chosen page frame and margins described here.
+
+> **Swatches status (2026-11-15):** Item context menus are implemented and covered by headless tests; full CI passed on the latest-main integration (all 13 gates), including the updated panel-view harness; parity scores and estimates are unchanged.
diff --git a/docs/mcp.md b/docs/mcp.md
index d4e03892e9..8ca4121032 100644
--- a/docs/mcp.md
+++ b/docs/mcp.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # VectorCraft MCP server
 
 > **Last updated:** 2026-11-14 · **Change:** Pencil ignores Smart Guides and Snap to Point and shows no Smart Guides, #7252; no response-shape change. Previously: Pencil continuation, straight-line and closing cursors; scores and estimates unchanged; no response-shape change. Previously: Snap to Point with Smart Guides off draws no Smart Guides labels or lines, #7250; no response-shape change. Previously: Envelopes: a top object's side whose pieces are all one curve split at anchors follows that curve's parameter (#7097); existing response shapes retained.
+>
+> Tech Circuit update (2026-11-14): three original procedural brushes; ten built-in brush libraries (G5).
 
 `vectorcraft-cli mcp` runs a [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io) server on stdio
 (newline-delimited JSON-RPC 2.0; see [Protocol](#protocol) for version negotiation). Agents use it to
@@ -826,15 +828,30 @@ the `effect.*` commands and `appearance.addEffect`, and the paint, stroke and gr
 `item`, which is a row of the group's own stack. The Appearance panel and `appearance.setActiveItem` read the selected
 group's own rows.
 
-The graph draws the art of a column or marker design in a series again from the design, so the commands that add,
-change, move or remove fill and stroke rows, effects or graphic styles leave that art out: the `appearance.*` commands
-listed above, `effect.apply`, `appearance.addEffect` and the other `effect.*` commands that edit, move or remove an
-effect, `graphicStyle.apply` (and `graphicStyle.addFromLibrary` with `apply`), `transparency.set` with a fill or stroke
-`item`, and `appearance.copyFrom` as the target. The art is any object inside a series group other than a path directly
-in it, whether given by id, selected, or reached through `target: "contents"`. The commands edit the other objects they
-are given, and a command whose objects are all design art is an error. `appearance.transfer` with design art as its
-`target`, or as its `source` without `copy`, is an error. The paint commands leave the art out as well, without an
-error. To change the art, edit the design with `graph.design`.
+When a graph is drawn again (a change to its data, its type, or its column or marker designs), it draws the art of a
+column or marker design in a series again from the design, and an edit made to that art is lost. The art is any object
+inside a series group other than a path directly in it, a legend swatch's included, whether given by id, selected, or
+reached through `target: "contents"`. These commands leave that art out, edit the other objects they are given, and
+are an error when all their objects are design art: the `appearance.*` commands listed above, `effect.apply`,
+`appearance.addEffect` and the other `effect.*` commands that edit, move or remove an effect,
+`effect.expandAppearance` (which also leaves the art inside a selected graph or series group as it was, unless an
+effect of that group turns the whole group into other art, and is disabled when only design art is selected or
+given), `threeD.mapGraphic`,
+`graphicStyle.apply`, `graphicStyle.addFromLibrary` with `apply`, `graphicStyle.breakLink`, `transparency.set`, the
+`paint.freeform.*` commands that edit points and lines, and `appearance.copyFrom` as the target.
+`appearance.transfer` with design art as its `target`, or as its `source` without `copy`, is an error.
+`paint.setFill`, `paint.setStroke`, `paint.swap`, `paint.default`, `paint.invert` and `paint.complement` with an
+`item`, `stroke.set`, `stroke.weightUp`, `stroke.weightDown`, `stroke.setAdvanced`, `paint.editGradient`,
+`paint.setGradientGeom` and `object.setOverprint` leave the art out without an error. When the first selected object is design art, the commands
+do not use the Appearance panel's active row. When the first object given is design art, rows and effects given with
+`aligned: true` are rows of its stack in `appearance.setItem`, `appearance.removeItem`, `appearance.duplicateItem`,
+`transparency.set` with an `item`, `effect.apply`, `appearance.addEffect` and the other `effect.*` commands that edit,
+move or remove an effect: each other object edits the row or effect equal to it, and an object without one is left as
+it is. When no object has one, `appearance.setItem` and `appearance.removeItem` leave the document as it is, as they do
+for a row no object has, and the other commands are an error. `appearance.moveItem`, `effect.move` and
+`appearance.duplicateItem` with `to` are an error when the art's stack differs from the other objects', and
+`appearance.duplicateItem` with `to` is also an error when two or more other objects are given, as it is without the
+art. To change the art, edit the design with `graph.design`.
 
 The graph also stores a paint or stroke weight that one of these commands changes on the topmost visible fill or stroke
 of a path directly in a series: a weight set with `stroke.set`, `stroke.weightUp` or `stroke.weightDown`; a gradient
@@ -3238,6 +3255,13 @@ already walks Image Trace. Short agent entry points:
   unchanged. No undo step is added when the symbols are already in order. The panel menu's Thumbnail View, Small List
   View and Large List View change only how the panel shows the symbols: thumbnails, or rows with a thumbnail and the
   name (smaller rows in Small List View).
+- Panel views: `ui.panelView {panel, view?}` sets the view of the Swatches, Graphic Styles or Symbols panel, as the
+  view items of its panel menu (and the Swatches panel's list and thumbnail buttons) do. `panel` is `swatches`,
+  `graphicStyles` or `symbols`. The Swatches panel takes `smallThumb`, `mediumThumb` (the default), `largeThumb`,
+  `smallList` or `largeList`; the Graphic Styles and Symbols panels take `thumbnail` (the default), `smallList` or
+  `largeList`. Without `view` the command answers the current one. Each panel keeps its own view for the session, and
+  the document does not change. An unknown panel or view is an error, and then nothing changes. It answers
+  `{panel, view}`.
 - The Brushes panel menu's Select All Unused: `brush.unused` (a query) lists the brushes no stroke paints with, in
   library order, and the panel selects them. Strokes in the art (opacity masks included), symbols, graph designs,
   pattern tiles (with the tiles that pattern editing's Cancel puts back) and graphic styles count, and so do the
@@ -3698,8 +3722,20 @@ already walks Image Trace. Short agent entry points:
   `ui.imageTracePresetDialog {params?, rename?}` opens the Image Trace panel's Save as New Preset… or Rename… dialog.
 - Live Paint: `livePaint.make`, `livePaint.merge`, `livePaint.fill {group?, point}`, `livePaint.strokeEdge`,
   `livePaint.info {group?|id?}`, `livePaint.release`, `livePaint.expand`, and `livePaint.gapOptions {ids?, detect?, size?,
-  color?, closeGaps?}` (Object › Live Paint › Gap Options). Make gives each covered face the fill of its front-most
-  covering source, including compound paths with shared curved boundaries. Expand keeps those face fills.
+  color?, closeGaps?}` (Object › Live Paint › Gap Options). Make gives each covered face the fill rows that draw of
+  its front-most covering source that has one, including compound paths with shared curved boundaries, and each edge
+  the stroke rows that draw of its source. A row draws when it is shown and has paint and an opacity above 0; a
+  stroke also needs a weight above 0, and a source whose opacity is 0 has no rows that draw. The rows keep their order
+  and settings (opacity, blending mode, effects, overprint, and a stroke's weight, caps, joins, dashes and alignment),
+  gradients keep their fit on the source, and the face or edge takes the source's opacity and blending mode. Where a
+  path is cut into several edges, each edge runs the way the path does, its dashes go on from where it starts along
+  the path (Align Dashes to Corners is turned off on it), the arrowheads stay only at the path's own ends, and a width
+  profile or brush stays only on an edge that runs the whole path. A gradient applied along a stroke starts again on
+  each cut edge, and an inside or outside stroke is drawn centered on an edge that is an open piece of a closed path.
+  When `livePaint.gapOptions` or `livePaint.merge` cuts an edge into pieces, each piece takes the edge's paint, with
+  its rows fitted to its part of the edge in the same way. A face or edge given no such row has one unpainted row. Rows that do not draw stay with the stored sources, which
+  `livePaint.release` returns unchanged. The source's object effects and the strokes' pen pressure are not carried.
+  Expand keeps those face fills.
   `livePaint.expand` keeps each face and edge that draws, with all its fill and stroke rows: it is shown, its opacity
   is above 0, and a fill or stroke row is shown, has paint and an opacity above 0 (a stroke also a weight above 0),
   whichever row is on top. A painted lower row under an unpainted top row keeps the part; a part whose only painted
@@ -4567,9 +4603,9 @@ error.
 
 ## Brush libraries
 
-Brush libraries are read-only sets of brushes: nine generated in code (Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle
+Brush libraries are read-only sets of brushes: ten generated in code (Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle
 Brushes with one bristle brush for each tip shape, Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams, and Dry Media with the Chalk Grain, Graphite Pencil, Wax Crayon and
-Charcoal Dust art brushes, id `dry-media`), the `.vectorcraft` files in the user library folder of the desktop app (User
+Charcoal Dust art brushes, id `dry-media`, and Tech Circuit with Circuit Trace (art), Bus Lines and Terminal Nodes (pattern), id `tech-circuit`), the `.vectorcraft` files in the user library folder of the desktop app (User
 Defined) and the brushes of any document loaded with `brush.loadLibrary` (a document without brushes of its own has
 the default ones). `brush.libraries` lists them (`id`, `name`, `category`: `builtIn`, `user` or `loaded`, `count`) and
 `brush.library {library}` returns one's brushes (`name`, `type`; `library` is an id or a name).
@@ -5699,6 +5735,25 @@ used, as a transform's does.
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"object.transformEach","params":{"scaleH":50,"scaleV":50,"strokes":false}}}
 ```
 
+## Scale and Reflect on a turned bounding box
+
+`object.scale` and `object.reflect` with a named axis act along the selection's bounding box: after a rotation, `sx`
+stretches along the box's own width and `sy` along its height, and `"vertical"` and `"horizontal"` are the box's own
+axes, until Object › Transform › Reset Bounding Box squares the box to the page. Both take `basis?: "box"|"page"`:
+`"box"` is the default, and `"page"` acts along the page's axes. Any other `basis` is an error, and nothing changes.
+`origin` is still a page point, and a numeric `axis` is still a line on the page at that angle. Selections whose
+objects stand at different angles, and anchors selected with Direct Selection, use the page's axes; with `copy` or
+with `objects: false`, the whole objects or their pattern tiles transform, along the box. The journal entry
+records the `basis` used, so a recorded action replays in the same frame; a saved step without `basis` (an action or
+journal entry recorded before it) plays along the page's axes, as it did when it was recorded. `object.transformAgain` repeats the transform's page matrix, also after Reset Bounding Box. The Scale
+and Reflect dialogs, the Transform and Properties panels' flips, the Scale tool and the Reflect tool's default axis
+and Shift steps follow the box the same way; a Reflect axis drawn with the tool is the line drawn on the page.
+
+```json
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"object.scale","params":{"sx":200,"sy":100}}}
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"object.reflect","params":{"axis":"vertical","basis":"page"}}}
+```
+
 ## Free Distort on a turned bounding box
 
 `object.distort` maps the corners of `from` (TL, TR, BR, BL) onto `corners`, which are page coordinates. With
@@ -5908,7 +5963,8 @@ commands send `to: "key"` while the selection has a key, else `"artboard"` for o
 anchor points, else the Align To choice. The Distribute commands send `to: "key"` while the selection has a key, else
 the Align To choice, and while there is a key object or a key guide they send the panel's Distribute Spacing value as
 `spacing`. Edit › Keyboard Shortcuts lists them under Align, with no default shortcut, and
-`shortcuts.set {id, shortcut}` gives one a shortcut.
+`shortcuts.set {id, shortcut}` gives one a shortcut. The Object › Distribute menu lists the eight Distribute commands,
+and each item runs its command.
 
 With the Artboard tool chosen, the same buttons and UI commands, and the Control bar's Align and Distribute buttons,
 run `artboard.align`, `artboard.distribute` and `artboard.distributeSpacing` on the artboards the tool has selected.
@@ -6300,7 +6356,10 @@ desktop app) instead and undoes nothing ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com
 From the Selection, Direct Selection, Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso or Perspective Selection tool it chooses the
 drawing tool chosen last in the window, or the Pencil tool when none has been chosen yet; from any other tool it
 chooses the Selection tool, and the tool left becomes the drawing tool unless it is the Hand, Rotate View, Zoom or Print
-Tiling tool. It returns `{tool}` and adds no undo step. Pencil as the first drawing tool and the list of selection tools
+Tiling tool. It returns `{tool}` and adds no undo step. When the tool cannot be chosen it returns the error, the tool
+and the drawing tool stay as they were, and it adds no undo step; `tool.select`, `ui.cropImage`,
+`addon.pathtools.cornerTool` and `addon.pathtools.sharedEdgeTool` also return the error when their tool cannot be
+chosen. Pencil as the first drawing tool and the list of selection tools
 are VectorCraft's own rules. A tap in Presentation Mode runs nothing. Under VectorCraft's own rule, a tap on the canvas
 while a modal dialog is open runs nothing, and fingers already down when it opens make no tap when they lift, during
 the dialog or after it closes.
@@ -6589,7 +6648,8 @@ report warn about it).
 Commands take and return lengths in points (the distances of `object.path.offsetPath`, `object.path.simplify`,
 `object.path.splitIntoGrid` and `text.setStyle` `size`/`leading` also take a string with a unit, `"5 mm"`). A length
 string takes the same arithmetic as the desktop app's fields, where `%` is a share of the value before it:
-`"200mm*50%"` is 100 mm and `"50pt+25%"` is 62.5 pt. The units
+`"200mm*50%"` is 100 mm and `"50pt+25%"` is 62.5 pt. A length string with more than 128 `+ - * /` signs is not read
+as a length. The units
 only change what the UI shows and how it reads typed numbers. Preferences ▸ Units has
 four: General (rulers, positions and sizes, the Info panel, dialog distances, canvas measurement labels), Stroke
 (weights, dashes), Type (font size, leading, baseline shift) and East Asian Type (no field uses it yet). General is the active document's units
@@ -7310,6 +7370,14 @@ is mixed with middle gray by its alpha.
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"effect.apply","params":{"effect":"distort.glass","params":{"distortion":10,"textureImage":{"path":"/tmp/texture.png"}}}}}
 ```
 
+Texturizer (`texture.texturizer`) and Rough Pastels (`artistic.roughPastels`) take `params.textureImage` the same
+way, as the surface that Scaling, Relief, Light Direction and Invert act on. With `texture: "loaded"` and no stored
+texture they draw Canvas.
+
+```json
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"effect.apply","params":{"effect":"artistic.roughPastels","params":{"relief":12,"textureImage":{"path":"/tmp/texture.png"}}}}}
+```
+
 ## Linked images
 
 A placed image linked to its file (`file.place {path}`, Link on) records the file's absolute path, its size,
@@ -8280,6 +8348,16 @@ flattened picture every PSD file carries: Bitmap, Grayscale, Duotone, Indexed, R
 A document with transparency keeps it. `file.place {path}` links the file like any image (`links.update` reads it
 again when it changes); Multichannel files are refused.
 
+A PSD or PSB file that names a clipping path (the saved path its clipping path resource names, in the
+[published PSD file format specification](https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/)) places, and
+opens as its merged image (`layers: false`, a file with no layers, or a file whose layers can't be read), inside a clip group whose clipping
+path is that path, under the even-odd rule, so the image shows only inside it. The clipping path is an ordinary path
+that can be edited or released. `file.place` answers `image`, the id of the image in the clip group. The
+[import options help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/add-and-import-files/import-from-other-apps/photoshop-import-options.html)
+says that a file imported as one flattened image keeps the document's clipping path when it has one. `links.update`
+and `links.relink` read the file's pixels again and leave the clip group and its clipping path as they are. Files that name no clipping path, or name a path
+they don't have, come in as a plain image.
+
 `document.open` converts a PSD or PSB file's layers to objects. In
 [PSD import options](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/add-and-import-files/import-from-other-apps/photoshop-import-options.html),
 the option that converts layers to objects keeps as much of the layer structure as it can, merges the layers of a
@@ -9543,6 +9621,24 @@ not kerned). Off by default and saved only when on. One undo step.
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.setFormat","params":{"proportionalMetrics":true}}}
 ```
 
+## H or V Style and Roman Italics
+
+With Show East Asian Options on, the OpenType panel menu has H or V Style and Roman Italics
+([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/formatting-asian-characters.html)). They are the character
+feature tags `hkna` and `ital` of `text.setStyle` and `text.setRangeStyle {features, featureChanges}`
+([feature list](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/featurelist)). `hkna` draws kana with the
+forms the font makes for horizontal type, and in vertical type the shaper applies `vkna`, the forms for vertical type,
+in its place. `ital` draws half-width alphanumerics with the font's italic forms. A font without the feature draws the
+characters unchanged. Both are on or off only: `hkna=2` and `ital=0` are refused as unknown features, and `vkna` is
+not a tag of its own. A menu item is checked when every character the panel acts on has it; choosing it turns the
+feature on for all of them, or off when it is checked, each character keeping its other features, in one undo step.
+Reset OpenType Features turns both off. Character styles carry them, and Character Style Options › OpenType Features
+has an on, off or unset switch for each. Live SVG text writes them in `font-feature-settings`.
+
+```json
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.setRangeStyle","params":{"id":12,"start":0,"end":6,"featureChanges":["hkna","ital"]}}}
+```
+
 ## Variable fonts
 
 `text.setFormat {fontAxes: {"wght": 650}}` (the selected type, or `ids`) and `text.setRangeStyle {id, start, end,
@@ -9657,7 +9753,9 @@ neighbors, the kerning of the two characters keeps it and the characters after i
 wider or narrower character moves the characters after it by the change in its width. Touch Type gives the character
 before it a kerning value of its own (with `dx`, and with any other change where the font kerned the character with
 its neighbors), and that character can then move by the font's kerning pair with the one before
-it, as with any style change to one character (`text.setRangeStyle`). The type stays editable.
+it, as with any style change to one character (`text.setRangeStyle`). The type stays editable. The characters of type
+on an open path that are not drawn because they fall before the path's start cannot be selected with the tool, and
+`text.touchType` returns an error for them.
 
 ```json
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.touchType","params":{"id":7,"start":1,"dx":10,"dy":4}}}
@@ -9747,9 +9845,10 @@ same in any language. Saved documents keep what they say, and imported text (PDF
 
 Type on a path flows between a start and an end bracket, stored as fractions of its path's length.
 `type.pathOptions {start?, end?, flip?, effect?, alignToPath?, spacing?, ids?}` sets them and the rest of Type on a
-Path Options: `end: null` puts the end bracket back at the end of the path (or once round a closed one); `flip`
-then turns the type to the other side of its path, the path running the other way and the brackets swapping ends so
-the type keeps its stretch of the path; `alignToPath` runs the `ascender`, `descender`, `center` or `baseline` (the
+Path Options: `end: null` puts the end bracket back at the end of the path (or once round a closed one); on an open
+path a `start` below 0 starts the text that far before the path's start (on a closed path it is the path's start);
+`flip` then turns the type to the other side of its path, the path running the other way and the brackets swapping
+ends so the type keeps its stretch of the path; `alignToPath` runs the `ascender`, `descender`, `center` or `baseline` (the
 default) along the path, each character by its own font, size and vertical scale: `ascender` runs the top of the
 font's em box along it (its ideographic em box, else an em box centered on the cap height), `descender` runs the
 bottom of the font's bounding box along it, and `center` runs a line at half the height of the top of the font's H
@@ -9762,6 +9861,13 @@ show selected type on a path's brackets: dragging the start or end bracket (`poi
 begins or ends, dragging the centre bracket slides the type along its path and, dragged across the path, flips it
 (with Cmd/Ctrl held it only slides). Each is one undo step.
 
+Type on an open path that starts before the path's start keeps every character, and the characters whose middle falls
+before the path's start are not drawn. A `flip` starts it at the start bracket, and dragging the center bracket slides
+it from where it starts and no further before the path. Past the path's end, text that does not fit is overflow, as
+for other type on a path. SVG import reads a `<textPath>` anchored or offset before an open path's start this way, and
+SVG export writes it as a negative `startOffset`. Releasing it to point type keeps the first drawn character where it
+was drawn.
+
 ```json
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"type.pathOptions","params":{"start":0.25,"end":0.75,"flip":true}}}
 ```
@@ -12126,10 +12232,11 @@ VectorCraft addition and changes no parity score.
   the path's fill and stroke), so the released path has no fill and no stroke.
 - **The text** keeps its runs with their character attributes and its paragraph attributes, and becomes point type on
   one straight line along the object's own axis, with the baseline starting where the first character sat on the path
-  (type with no characters starts at its start bracket). Type on a Path Options (effect, align to path, spacing, flip,
-  brackets) don't apply to point type and are dropped. Type with Dynamic Text on (`type.dynamicText`) becomes point
-  type with it off, at the sizes it was drawn at: each size, leading and baseline shift is multiplied by the fit factor.
-  Without `keepOriginal` the type object itself becomes the point
+  (type with no characters starts at its start bracket; type that starts before an open path's start keeps its first
+  drawn character where it was drawn, with the characters that were not drawn before it). Type on a Path Options
+  (effect, align to path, spacing, flip, brackets) don't apply to point type and are dropped. Type with Dynamic Text
+  on (`type.dynamicText`) becomes point type with it off, at the sizes it was drawn at: each size, leading and
+  baseline shift is multiplied by the fit factor. Without `keepOriginal` the type object itself becomes the point
   type, keeping its id, so a frame of threaded text leaves its thread with the text it holds, as
   `type.convertToPointType` does for area type.
 - It acts on the type on a path among `ids` (or `id`, else the selection), groups included; other objects are left
@@ -12171,6 +12278,7 @@ the error text. The interactive fallback applies only to ordinary File > Save, n
 
 | Date | Change |
 |---|---|
+| 2026-11-14 | Built-in Tech Circuit brush library (id `tech-circuit`): Circuit Trace, Bus Lines and Terminal Nodes; ten built-in libraries. |
 | 2026-11-13 | The Pencil ignores Smart Guides and Snap to Point and shows no Smart Guides; Snap to Grid and Snap to Pixel still move its ends (#7252). |
 | 2026-11-13 | `path.freehand`: `closed`, when given, decides whether a stroke that continues a path (`extend`) closes it; the Pencil and the Paintbrush send it by Close Paths When Ends Are Within. |
 | 2026-11-13 | Snap to Point with Smart Guides off draws no Smart Guides labels or lines (#7250). |
diff --git a/docs/roadmap.md b/docs/roadmap.md
index 8043acac35..b6740a513f 100644
--- a/docs/roadmap.md
+++ b/docs/roadmap.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Roadmap: milestones and what's next
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-15 · **Change:** minor (G12: Swatches item menus tested and rendered; merged branch Linux full CI passed; upstream test-helper compile correction included (#7727); Windows engine baseline failures noted; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Graphic Styles list fills a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: PDF import: glyphs in a span with an empty ActualText come in as outlines, #6971; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: library panels' lists fill a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Swatches list fills a taller panel, #1638; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: icon-strip flyouts also resize from the top edge and the canvas-side top corner, keeping the moved top in workspaces (storytold/craft-libs#1094); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: #6865: explicitly requested oversized editing artboard; Live Paint Bucket fills faces crossed in one drag (#6373); previously: #6404: transform-aware Eyedropper character copying; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: M10/G5: Energy Beams brush library; MCP docs list Energy Beams; previously minor: M10/G5: Skill Icons symbol library; MCP docs list Skill Icons; previously minor: M10/G5: Status Effects graphic style library; MCP docs catch-up for symbol libraries; previously minor: M10/G5: Inventory Icons built-in symbol library; previously minor: Edit › Edit Custom Dictionary…: its dialog adds, deletes and changes the custom dictionary's words, #4936; previously minor: M10/G5: Game HUD graphic style library; previously minor: resizable icon-strip flyouts and bottom-aligned panel footers, #5713; previously minor: M10/G5: Map Markers built-in symbol library; previously minor: right-click on type: Spelling › Auto Spell Check, with its check mark, #4936; previously minor: right-click on a word Auto Spell Check underlined: its suggestions, Ignore All and Add to Dictionary, #4936; previously minor: G2: Effect Gallery thumbnails and in-dialog preview are in; Auto Spell Check: `edit.autoSpellCheck` underlines the unknown words, #4936; previously minor: PDF editable import preserves authored ActualText once, including empty/nested spans and authored ordering (#6165); cross-line/style layout remains approximate; scores and estimates unchanged; PDF marked-text export (#6309): compatible glyphs stay on one layout line with per-glyph offsets; scores and estimates unchanged; interim macOS cursor delivery, #2292; native validation pending; scores and estimates unchanged; Control bar › Snapping includes the existing Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides toggles (#6164); scores and estimates unchanged; custom dictionary and Ignore All: `text.spelling.addWord`, `removeWord`, `changeWord`, `dictionary` and `ignoreAll`, #4936; previously minor: EPS import: embedded fonts (composite, Type 42, CID-keyed, Type 1, CFF FontSet) draw their glyphs; spell check engine: `text.spelling.check` and `text.spelling.suggest` on craft-proof, #4936; previously minor: floating tab groups collapse into the side icon rail and opened rail panels fold back into it, #5925 in part; M4/M7: `.ai`/EPS type keeps its tab stops, and right-aligned lines with tabs lay out as the file's page, #6147; M4/M7: `.ai`/EPS type from the text document lays its lines out closer to the file's page, within limits, #6137; numeric fields step on wheel hover without taking keyboard focus, #5949; Character Styles panel: a double-click on a style's row opens its Character Style Options; the dialog keeps a fixed width and scrolls its sections, so its buttons stay on screen; Selection QoL: marquee modes and visible feedback, #5313; SVG CSS classes survive export and repeated import in all four styling modes (#2480); current-main integration retains event attributes and scripts; #3380 deletion-only review follow-up: independent survivors keep gradient placement, owned subpaths avoid discarded copies, and contracts/status/evidence are clarified; endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged; Indian-language hyphenation review and license allowlist, #4947; Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; full wording review in progress; Effect dialogs: a colour swatch beside a hex colour opens the Color Picker, #5365; shape tools move the selection from its centre point and turn it from the zone outside a box corner, #5477; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-14 · **Change:** minor (Tech Circuit brush library, G5; previously: Graphic Styles list fills a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: PDF import: glyphs in a span with an empty ActualText come in as outlines, #6971; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: library panels' lists fill a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Swatches list fills a taller panel, #1638; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: icon-strip flyouts also resize from the top edge and the canvas-side top corner, keeping the moved top in workspaces (storytold/craft-libs#1094); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: #6865: explicitly requested oversized editing artboard; Live Paint Bucket fills faces crossed in one drag (#6373); previously: #6404: transform-aware Eyedropper character copying; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: M10/G5: Energy Beams brush library; MCP docs list Energy Beams; previously minor: M10/G5: Skill Icons symbol library; MCP docs list Skill Icons; previously minor: M10/G5: Status Effects graphic style library; MCP docs catch-up for symbol libraries; previously minor: M10/G5: Inventory Icons built-in symbol library; previously minor: Edit › Edit Custom Dictionary…: its dialog adds, deletes and changes the custom dictionary's words, #4936; previously minor: M10/G5: Game HUD graphic style library; previously minor: resizable icon-strip flyouts and bottom-aligned panel footers, #5713; previously minor: M10/G5: Map Markers built-in symbol library; previously minor: right-click on type: Spelling › Auto Spell Check, with its check mark, #4936; previously minor: right-click on a word Auto Spell Check underlined: its suggestions, Ignore All and Add to Dictionary, #4936; previously minor: G2: Effect Gallery thumbnails and in-dialog preview are in; Auto Spell Check: `edit.autoSpellCheck` underlines the unknown words, #4936; previously minor: PDF editable import preserves authored ActualText once, including empty/nested spans and authored ordering (#6165); cross-line/style layout remains approximate; scores and estimates unchanged; PDF marked-text export (#6309): compatible glyphs stay on one layout line with per-glyph offsets; scores and estimates unchanged; interim macOS cursor delivery, #2292; native validation pending; scores and estimates unchanged; Control bar › Snapping includes the existing Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides toggles (#6164); scores and estimates unchanged; custom dictionary and Ignore All: `text.spelling.addWord`, `removeWord`, `changeWord`, `dictionary` and `ignoreAll`, #4936; previously minor: EPS import: embedded fonts (composite, Type 42, CID-keyed, Type 1, CFF FontSet) draw their glyphs; spell check engine: `text.spelling.check` and `text.spelling.suggest` on craft-proof, #4936; previously minor: floating tab groups collapse into the side icon rail and opened rail panels fold back into it, #5925 in part; M4/M7: `.ai`/EPS type keeps its tab stops, and right-aligned lines with tabs lay out as the file's page, #6147; M4/M7: `.ai`/EPS type from the text document lays its lines out closer to the file's page, within limits, #6137; numeric fields step on wheel hover without taking keyboard focus, #5949; Character Styles panel: a double-click on a style's row opens its Character Style Options; the dialog keeps a fixed width and scrolls its sections, so its buttons stay on screen; Selection QoL: marquee modes and visible feedback, #5313; SVG CSS classes survive export and repeated import in all four styling modes (#2480); current-main integration retains event attributes and scripts; #3380 deletion-only review follow-up: independent survivors keep gradient placement, owned subpaths avoid discarded copies, and contracts/status/evidence are clarified; endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged; Indian-language hyphenation review and license allowlist, #4947; Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; full wording review in progress; Effect dialogs: a colour swatch beside a hex colour opens the Color Picker, #5365; shape tools move the selection from its centre point and turn it from the zone outside a box corner, #5477; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
 >
 > Oversized artboard import update (2026-11-12): Explicit editing-data import retains a single artboard beyond a capped 14,400 pt PDF page (#6865).
 >
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ M7 type: Touch Type moves a right-to-left character along its line and up from i
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
-| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Graphic Styles: in a panel made taller the list fills the space above the footer instead of stopping at 220 pt (#2992; `the_list_fills_a_tall_panel_above_its_footer` in `crates/ui-egui/src/panels/graphic_styles.rs`). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | PDF import: glyphs inside a marked-content span with an empty `ActualText` come in as outlines in their fill and stroke instead of being left out, adding no text (#6971; `empty_actual_text_keeps_the_glyphs_art` in `crates/pdf/src/tests/actual_text.rs`). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Library panels (swatch, Color Book, brush, symbol and graphic style libraries): in a panel made taller the list fills the space above the footer instead of scrolling inside 220 or 280 pt (#2992; `the_list_fills_a_tall_panel_above_its_footer` in `crates/ui-egui/src/panels/library_panel/tests.rs`). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Swatches: in a panel made taller the swatch list fills the space above the footer instead of scrolling inside 150 or 200 pt (#1638; `the_list_fills_a_tall_panel_above_its_footer` in `crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches/tests.rs`). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | M4: PDF import (#5235, #6906): Indic type keeps its marks on their line, and a line whose type would not draw as the file does keeps the file's glyphs as outlines (opaque, alike-stroked ones share a path except under a soft mask, where each glyph keeps its own path and mask; translucent ones keep their own). Scores and estimates unchanged. Evidence: `crates/pdf/src/tests/reshaped.rs`. |
 | 2026-11-10 | minor | M13 / G6: MCP catalogue (#6460): headless lists UI commands, eight prompts, 33 tools, effect vs command ids; scores and estimates unchanged. |
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Gujarati interface follow-up (2026-11-14): the catalog and zero/one plural rule
 | M7 | Type (point/area/path, editing, styles, OpenType, threading, glyphs) | Spell check engine: `text.spelling.check` and `text.spelling.suggest` on craft-proof and the custom dictionary and Ignore All commands and Auto Spell Check with its right-click suggestions, Ignore All and Add to Dictionary, and Spelling › Auto Spell Check in the context menu of type, and the Edit Custom Dictionary dialog (#4936; the Check Spelling dialog remains); Right-aligned area type sets the text after a line's last tab against the right edge, the text before it at its stops (#6147); A line a soft return ends is justified as a wrapped line is (#6137); Indian-language pattern hyphenation preserves syllables in both composers (#4947); 🟡 Hanging punctuation keeps its published amounts under Glyph Scaling, and Standard burasagari counts a hung line start as room; Fullwidth `！` / `？` keep an upright fallback in vertical type; Hyphenation… and Justification… per paragraph (#2310, #2755), Auto Leading also driving the Character panel's Leading, the Alt+↑/↓ leading nudge and Fill with Placeholder Text; Document-point character controls after object/group scaling (#1034; optional font-size preservation remains separate), Character/Paragraph Styles (explicit Auto-leading resets and local leading overrides), per-paragraph paragraph attributes, mixed paragraph alignment indication (headless regressions, full integration CI and visual review pass), Area Type Options (with Width/Height, Auto Size and Shrink Text to Fit; overflow reported to agents and vertical Align), type areas resized by their handles and reshaped with Direct Selection, threaded text, Fit Headline, Glyphs (feature-valued alternates and unencoded glyphs applied in one Undo step while keeping Arabic joining, #5514), OpenType panel (including font-defined Stylistic Sets), Find Font (Document, Recent and System replacement sources, #5217), installed system fonts in every font menu (fonts registered with Windows outside its font folders, the XDG and Flatpak host font folders on Linux, and fonts installed while the app runs, listed when it comes back to the front; searchable; the Character and Properties menus show each family's sample of the selected text, preview it live under the pointer or ↑/↓, show recently applied families first (#3515), filter by script and kind, list a family's styles, and star favourites; the Glyphs panel and Find Font's Replace With use the same menu without the live preview) and found by name on open/import (full-name aliases and Missing Fonts searches verified, #1258; Windows font-service QA pending), variable fonts' named instances as styles, CJK names in the UI, input methods (marked text in place, candidate window at the caret; Japanese IME), Text Wrap (offset, invert, both sides of an object; follows edits), Type on a Path effects and Options with draggable start/centre/end brackets (slide, flip), tab stops + Tabs panel (Above Text floats it over the selected text, its ruler at the canvas zoom so stops line up with the columns, #729), inline symbols in text (beyond parity), Hebrew/Arabic bidirectional text, Paragraph Direction, Every-line/Single-line Composer per object (ragged text too) done; paint-only Arabic harakat keep joining with GDEF-mark ownership and Insert Kashidas tatweels on the base letter's paint (`tests::harakat`); tab leaders, spell check, vertical type pending | 45–60 |
 | M8 | Transform & distort (Puppet Warp, Liquify tools, Envelopes, Blends, Perspective Grid) | ✅ done (M8.1–M8.20 on 2026-10-06, fidelity pass): Liquify Tool Options with one shared brush, pen pressure, hold-to-apply, a safe scope and incremental strokes; tool options that last; Puppet Warp rotation, multi-select, Control bar and a rest-shape session that follows Undo; Width tool on compound paths; Envelope dialogs with preview, Reset with Warp/Mesh, full Envelope Options, type/images/symbols/appearance/gradients/patterns distorted on canvas and in every export, warps that keep their frame, Edit Contents, mesh handles and Control bar; Blend Options, anchor-targeted Blend tool, editable spine, keys picked on the canvas, faithful interpolation and knockout; Anchor Point spine conversion/handle editing and selection priority (#2544), with #2425 Shift reshape preserved; Perspective Grid with Define Grid, presets, lock/snap/rulers, widgets, the 1–4 plane switch, movable planes, Perspective Selection scale/copy/perpendicular/Transform Again, and type and symbols truly projected with Edit Text. Left: Anti-Alias and Preserve Shape output, warp-envelope point editing, brush interpolation in blends, Free Transform/Scale/Reflect along a rotated box | 2–4 |
 | M9 | Live effects (+ 3D & Materials) | 🟡 2D effects done incl. Effect → Pathfinder, Color Adjustments and Document Raster Effects Settings; PDF export warns when the pixel cap lowers raster-effect resolution; Artistic › Colored Pencil, Cutout, Dry Brush, Film Grain, Fresco, Neon Glow, Paint Daubs, Palette Knife, Poster Edges, Rough Pastels, Smudge Stick, Sponge, Underpainting and Watercolor and Sketch › Halftone Pattern, Bas Relief, Charcoal, Conté Crayon, Photocopy, Stamp, Torn Edges and Water Paper done (57/57 Photoshop filters); Revolve with automatic smooth vector shading, default-on circular caps and continuous rims, Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate with one to ten colored directional lights and four original lighting presets; SVG Filters, remaining raster effects and 3D materials and shadows pending | 81–130 |
-| M10 | Brushes, symbols, patterns, Repeat | 🟡 pattern swatches (5 tile types, Pattern Options, editing mode, SVG `<pattern>`/PDF export) and live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror) done; interactive selected mirror axis implemented (focused and native checks passed; full CI blocked by an unrelated text test); symbol libraries done (Window › Symbol Libraries, six generated libraries (Basic Shapes, UI Frames, Map Markers, Inventory Icons, Skill Icons, Weather Icons), User Defined, Other Library…, Save Symbols); brush libraries done (Window › Brush Libraries, nine generated libraries including Ink and Wash, Bristle Brushes and Dry Media, User Defined, Other Library…, Save Brushes); symbol editing shows draggable 9-slice guides (#5280), with guides outside the artwork still unsupported; brushes/symbols in progress | 23–37 |
+| M10 | Brushes, symbols, patterns, Repeat | 🟡 pattern swatches (5 tile types, Pattern Options, editing mode, SVG `<pattern>`/PDF export) and live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror) done; interactive selected mirror axis implemented (focused and native checks passed; full CI blocked by an unrelated text test); symbol libraries done (Window › Symbol Libraries, six generated libraries (Basic Shapes, UI Frames, Map Markers, Inventory Icons, Skill Icons, Weather Icons), User Defined, Other Library…, Save Symbols); brush libraries done (Window › Brush Libraries, ten generated libraries including Tech Circuit, Ink and Wash, Bristle Brushes and Dry Media, User Defined, Other Library…, Save Brushes); symbol editing shows draggable 9-slice guides (#5280), with guides outside the artwork still unsupported; brushes/symbols in progress | 23–37 |
 | M11 | Artboards & views (selected-set deletion shared by Artboards menu, trash and Properties, retaining artboard 1 when all are selected; Artboard deletion keys keep the first of an all-selected set and protect artwork; history prunes invalid indices while preserving valid multiselection (history tests and full workspace CI pass); click-to-fit objects with the Artboard tool (#1227), artboard escape routing and document setup modal handoff done; artboard panel/tool with Move Artwork for X/Y fields and Artboard Options, Trim View, middle-button pan, print tiling and the status bar's artboard navigator with synchronized Artboard tool selection done; Window › Arrange › Tile and Consolidate All Windows done; multiple windows, presentation polish) (cached canvas reprojection preserves scale during resize, rotation and DPI changes; regression-tested and contributor-confirmed 2026-10-19; estimates unchanged) (cached canvas dimensions match the renderer limit before cache-key creation, view construction and worker submission; regression-tested; estimates unchanged); status-bar pointer coordinates follow the active ruler origin and General units | 🟡; Artboard Options shares existing presets and orientation controls and can fit artwork without moving it; artwork fitting includes all drawn document art across artboards and off-board; artwork bounds are cached by active document and revision, and selection uses the shared bounds cache across artboards | 15–25 |
 | M12 | Advanced color & art (CMYK/ICC, separations, Gradient Mesh, Live Paint, Image Trace, Graphs) | 🟡 Gradient Mesh, Live Paint, Image Trace (junction-returning pieces retain their positioned boundaries; a simpler contour walk with identical output; an edge's sub-pixel shift is the same from either side; notches read only their own piece; collapsed loops keep few segments; large images trace with a warning; Auto Color keeps rare distinct colours; quick presets trace at once and the Image Trace button opens the adjustment controls; Properties reopens them; tiny fitted contours retain islands and holes; Create Strokes: exact crop EDT, Guo–Hall thinning and maximal-disc graph simplification; 15 presets, the 14 documented ones each with an enhanced version; Ignore Color, Shapes, Auto Grouping and Gradients options; measured in `image-trace-quality.md`; closed outlines retain their interior after straightening; the Flat Logo mode places edges to a fraction of a pixel, restores sharp corners, snaps lines and circles, and refuses gradients; live trace result bounds and selection highlights exclude the retained bitmap except in source-image views), Recolor Artwork, colour management (ICC, soft proofing, separations preview), Graphs (all 9 tools, Graph Data/Type, group-selected series colours persist through regenerate/save/open) done; Graph Design and Marker designs, Transpose and Switch x/y, `\|` label line breaks, the pie options, drop shadows, the legend across the top, overlapping widths, First Row/Column in Front, filled lines, kept label formatting and the Graph Data worksheet done; graph Column designs pending; Vector Halftone Preview keeps the selection box without drawing dot selection marks (#6369); Live Paint Bucket fills faces crossed in one drag (#6373) | 6–10 |
 | M13 | Automation (Actions ✅ record/playback, persisted; variables, scripting, batch) | 🟡 MCP `add_text` exposes existing vertical point, area and path type; `script.run` and File › Scripts › Other Script… run JavaScript files, and Window › Script Console shows their output; the script document model and batch work remain | 18–27 |
@@ -208,9 +208,10 @@ separate. Scores and hours unchanged. [Behavior and command details](development
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
-| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G12: Swatches item context menus implemented in list and thumbnail views, with clicked-item actions and reserved/missing-swatch guards. Harness tests added; execution and visual verification pending. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-14 | minor | Tech Circuit adds three original procedural brushes (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines, Terminal Nodes); ten built-in brush libraries. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); parity scores and headline totals unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | Gujarati (#6613): contributor proofreading completed for all 387 additions, with 11 wording corrections; 4,673 reviewed catalog rows. Status/error messages remain partial; web selection requires a bundled Gujarati face. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | Gujarati (`gu`): 4,286-row machine-assisted catalog reviewed by a native speaker, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Gujarati craft-fonts fallback; all 72 translation tests pass; a web font and about 2,600 untranslated messages remain; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | Explicit editing-data import keeps a single artboard beyond a capped 14,400 pt PDF page (#6865), with a warning; automatic mode stays unchanged. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | M7: Glyphs panel applies feature-valued alternates and unencoded glyphs while keeping Arabic joining (#5514). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
@@ -409,3 +410,5 @@ separate. Scores and hours unchanged. [Behavior and command details](development
 2026-10-28 behavior correction: Flare ray rotation follows vertical travel at one degree per document point, independent of pointer event count. Shift freezes the current orientation; Space also freezes rotation on the first update. This is the chosen application interaction rate. Scores and estimates unchanged.
 ## EPS Save evidence (2026-10-26)
 Ordinary Save and Save As keep EPS as EPS, with the chosen page frame, transparent margins and the complete editable VectorCraft document. Existing import-loss confirmation and transparency warnings remain; the Save TIFF preview is capped at 1024 pixels, while Export retains 2048. See [file-format-parity.md](file-format-parity.md#eps-save-and-source-protection) for limits and regression evidence. This narrows G9 save-back workflow coverage; native Illustrator editing-data fidelity, parity scores and hour estimates are unchanged. Since 2026-11-12 the EPS Options of Save As show Use Artboards, unchecked by default: unchecked, the bounding box fits the visible art; checked, Save keeps the chosen page frame and margins described here.
+
+> **Swatches status (2026-11-15):** Item context menus are implemented and covered by headless tests; full CI passed on the latest-main integration (all 13 gates), including the updated panel-view harness; parity scores and estimates are unchanged.
diff --git a/docs/target-app-parity.md b/docs/target-app-parity.md
index 94a0d36b2b..618ea6b527 100644
--- a/docs/target-app-parity.md
+++ b/docs/target-app-parity.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Parity with Adobe Illustrator
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-15 · **Change:** minor (G12: Swatches item menus tested and rendered; merged branch Linux full CI passed; upstream test-helper compile correction included (#7727); Windows engine baseline failures noted; previously: Pencil ignores Smart Guides and Snap to Point and shows no Smart Guides, #7252; previously: Pencil continuation, straight-line and closing cursors; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: G5: Weather Icons joins built-in symbol libraries (Sun, Moon, Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Snow); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: a closed Pencil stroke closes with a straight segment; previously: Snap to Point with Smart Guides off draws no Smart Guides labels or lines, #7250; previously: 3D: the seams of Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate under a white light, and of the faces of Extrude & Bevel (Classic), Revolve (Classic) and Rotate (Classic), went from miter to round joins, so white-light 3D output is expected to differ from the 2026-10-17 comparison at facet corners (not measured: the scenes were not exported again); previously: `.ai` and EPS import: in layers that don't draw as the page, art that differs away from an envelope of type no longer costs it its editable type; it keeps its drawn art where, in the pixels it and its drawn art ink, the layers with it differ from the page more than its own check allows, or past the envelopes' share of the page check, #7141; Character panel: the Set Font Height Reference dropdown shows an icon before each reference, #6304; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Envelopes: a top object's side whose pieces are all one curve split at anchors follows that curve's parameter, so a top object saved with its sides' curves in pieces draws as its `.ai` drawn art, #7097; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Graphic Styles list fills a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: PDF import: glyphs in a span with an empty ActualText come in as outlines, #6971; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: library panels' lists fill a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Swatches list fills a taller panel, #1638; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Object › Rasterize with the Grayscale or Bitmap colour model makes a grayscale image, #6969; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: type in an envelope with Distort Appearance is also tried mapped from the box of what it paints, miter tips and moved strokes included, after its glyphs grown by half its strokes' weight (#6824; #6617: Swatches panel menu: Show Recent Colors; scores unchanged; previously minor: icon-strip flyouts also resize from the top edge and the canvas-side top corner, keeping the moved top in workspaces (storytold/craft-libs#1094); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: #6865: explicitly requested oversized editing artboard; macOS: the canvas cursor stays after the pointer moves, #6362; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Type tool: kerning at a caret at the start of a line moves the character after it, #5111; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Rulers: the zero point dragged out of the rulers' corner snaps as a drawn point does; previously minor: Live Paint Bucket fills faces crossed in one drag (#6373); previously: #6404: transform-aware Eyedropper character copying; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Envelopes: with Distort Appearance, type's strokes paint along the bent glyph outlines at their own weight, as users' `.ai` files draw them, which changes how VectorCraft's own envelopes of stroked type draw (#6644; scores and estimates unchanged); previously minor: G5: Energy Beams brush library; bundled content ~44% → ~46%; previously minor: G5: Skill Icons symbol library; bundled content ~42% → ~44%; previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: an envelope saved in Edit Contents whose mesh lies away from its drawn art by a move opens live on that art (#6570; scores and estimates unchanged); previously minor: ruler double-click adds a guide at the pointer, #5239; G5: Status Effects graphic style library; bundled content ~40% → ~42%; MCP symbol libraries list UI Frames and Map Markers; previously minor: G5: Inventory Icons built-in symbol library; bundled content ~38% → ~40%; previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: stroked type in an envelope maps from its glyphs grown by half its stroke (#3179; scores and estimates unchanged); previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: warps of type open as mesh envelopes on their saved grid where VectorCraft's warp doesn't draw as their drawn art (#3179; scores and estimates unchanged); G5: Game Trails brush library; bundled content ~36% → ~38%; previously minor: Edit › Edit Custom Dictionary…: its dialog adds, deletes and changes the custom dictionary's words, #4936; previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: envelopes of type open live where they draw as their drawn art and the layers with them draw as the page (#3179; scores and estimates unchanged); G5: Game HUD graphic style library; bundled content ~34% → ~36%; previously minor: Line Arrow arrowhead (#5421; scores and estimates unchanged); G5: Map Markers built-in symbol library; bundled content ~32% → ~34%; previously minor: right-click on type: Spelling › Auto Spell Check, with its check mark, #4936; previously minor: right-click on a word Auto Spell Check underlined: its suggestions, Ignore All and Add to Dictionary, #4936; previously minor: Canvas: a 3D effect changed on type or a group redraws where its solid was; Fit to Artwork Bounds and per-artboard SVG export build each solid once for all artboards; previously minor: Effect Gallery: a thumbnail for each filter and a preview area inside the dialog, on an original drawing; Raster effects 52% → 55%, hours 1–2 → none; headline numbers unchanged; Auto Spell Check: `edit.autoSpellCheck` underlines the unknown words, #4936; previously minor: PDF editable import preserves authored ActualText once, including empty/nested spans and authored ordering (#6165); cross-line/style layout remains approximate; scores and estimates unchanged; PDF marked-text export (#6309): compatible glyphs stay on one layout line with per-glyph offsets; scores and estimates unchanged; G5: UI Frames built-in symbol library with default 9-slice; bundled content ~32%; previously minor: G5: dynamic symbol part on-canvas opacity/blend/gradient/pattern; strokes remaining no longer lists Overlap/auto corners; symbols ~88%; previously minor: interim macOS cursor delivery, #2292; native validation pending; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: harakat paint fallback clarified; previously minor: current Guides feature-area rows consolidated using existing ruler evidence; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Control bar › Snapping includes the existing Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides toggles (#6164); scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: G5 docs: Art brush Overlap and Pattern brush auto corners removed from strokes remaining; symbols remaining lists dynamic on-canvas beyond solid and guides outside the art; previously minor: custom dictionary and Ignore All: `text.spelling.addWord`, `removeWord`, `changeWord`, `dictionary` and `ignoreAll`, #4936; previously minor: EPS import: embedded fonts (composite, Type 42, CID-keyed, Type 1, CFF FontSet) draw their glyphs; spell check engine: `text.spelling.check` and `text.spelling.suggest` on craft-proof, #4936; previously minor: floating tab groups collapse into the side icon rail and opened rail panels fold back into it, #5925 in part; `.ai`/EPS type keeps its tab stops, and right-aligned lines with tabs lay out as the file's page, #6147; `.ai`/EPS type from the text document lays its lines out closer to the file's page, within limits, #6137; `.ai` and EPS import: older Art brush objects read; numeric fields step on wheel hover without taking keyboard focus, and a panel wheel turn cannot seed a canvas zoom glide, #5949; Character Styles panel: a double-click on a style's row opens its Character Style Options; the dialog keeps a fixed width and scrolls its sections, so its buttons stay on screen; Tools stays beside the canvas with left-side panels; new gradients follow document color mode; Selection QoL: marquee modes and visible feedback, #5313; SVG CSS classes survive export and repeated import in all four styling modes (#2480); current-main integration retains event attributes and scripts; #3380 deletion-only review follow-up: independent survivors keep gradient placement, owned subpaths avoid discarded copies, and contracts/status/evidence are clarified; endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged; the canvas keeps selection outlines and anchors between frames; Indian-language hyphenation review and license allowlist, #4947; Stroke gradients: an arrowhead aligned to the tip is painted to the corners of its base, #5964; Drop Shadow and glow dialogs: spinner arrows, #5367, #5368; Stroke Weight Up and Down shortcuts, #5797; Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; full wording review in progress; Properties in Edit Artboards: a Transform section with the reference point above the Artboards section, #5219; the Control bar's Stroke: and Opacity: links scrub their fields, #4088; an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only where it shows (#4155); a document's first frame renders on the render worker, so opening a heavy file no longer freezes the window, #4155; Control bar Paragraph section with type selected, #5372; translating unchanged type reuses its glyph and character-stroke outlines; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x; public release notes through 30.7, August 2026; Units › East Asian Type acts, with Q and Ha units; scores unchanged)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-14 · **Change:** minor (Pencil ignores Smart Guides and Snap to Point and shows no Smart Guides, #7252; previously: Pencil continuation, straight-line and closing cursors; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: G5: Weather Icons joins built-in symbol libraries (Sun, Moon, Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Snow); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: a closed Pencil stroke closes with a straight segment; previously: Snap to Point with Smart Guides off draws no Smart Guides labels or lines, #7250; previously: 3D: the seams of Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate under a white light, and of the faces of Extrude & Bevel (Classic), Revolve (Classic) and Rotate (Classic), went from miter to round joins, so white-light 3D output is expected to differ from the 2026-10-17 comparison at facet corners (not measured: the scenes were not exported again); previously: `.ai` and EPS import: in layers that don't draw as the page, art that differs away from an envelope of type no longer costs it its editable type; it keeps its drawn art where, in the pixels it and its drawn art ink, the layers with it differ from the page more than its own check allows, or past the envelopes' share of the page check, #7141; Character panel: the Set Font Height Reference dropdown shows an icon before each reference, #6304; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Envelopes: a top object's side whose pieces are all one curve split at anchors follows that curve's parameter, so a top object saved with its sides' curves in pieces draws as its `.ai` drawn art, #7097; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Graphic Styles list fills a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: PDF import: glyphs in a span with an empty ActualText come in as outlines, #6971; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: library panels' lists fill a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Swatches list fills a taller panel, #1638; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Object › Rasterize with the Grayscale or Bitmap colour model makes a grayscale image, #6969; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: type in an envelope with Distort Appearance is also tried mapped from the box of what it paints, miter tips and moved strokes included, after its glyphs grown by half its strokes' weight (#6824; #6617: Swatches panel menu: Show Recent Colors; scores unchanged; previously minor: icon-strip flyouts also resize from the top edge and the canvas-side top corner, keeping the moved top in workspaces (storytold/craft-libs#1094); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: #6865: explicitly requested oversized editing artboard; macOS: the canvas cursor stays after the pointer moves, #6362; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Type tool: kerning at a caret at the start of a line moves the character after it, #5111; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Rulers: the zero point dragged out of the rulers' corner snaps as a drawn point does; previously minor: Live Paint Bucket fills faces crossed in one drag (#6373); previously: #6404: transform-aware Eyedropper character copying; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Envelopes: with Distort Appearance, type's strokes paint along the bent glyph outlines at their own weight, as users' `.ai` files draw them, which changes how VectorCraft's own envelopes of stroked type draw (#6644; scores and estimates unchanged); previously minor: G5: Energy Beams brush library; bundled content ~44% → ~46%; previously minor: G5: Skill Icons symbol library; bundled content ~42% → ~44%; previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: an envelope saved in Edit Contents whose mesh lies away from its drawn art by a move opens live on that art (#6570; scores and estimates unchanged); previously minor: ruler double-click adds a guide at the pointer, #5239; G5: Status Effects graphic style library; bundled content ~40% → ~42%; MCP symbol libraries list UI Frames and Map Markers; previously minor: G5: Inventory Icons built-in symbol library; bundled content ~38% → ~40%; previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: stroked type in an envelope maps from its glyphs grown by half its stroke (#3179; scores and estimates unchanged); previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: warps of type open as mesh envelopes on their saved grid where VectorCraft's warp doesn't draw as their drawn art (#3179; scores and estimates unchanged); G5: Game Trails brush library; bundled content ~36% → ~38%; previously minor: Edit › Edit Custom Dictionary…: its dialog adds, deletes and changes the custom dictionary's words, #4936; previously minor: `.ai` and EPS import: envelopes of type open live where they draw as their drawn art and the layers with them draw as the page (#3179; scores and estimates unchanged); G5: Game HUD graphic style library; bundled content ~34% → ~36%; previously minor: Line Arrow arrowhead (#5421; scores and estimates unchanged); G5: Map Markers built-in symbol library; bundled content ~32% → ~34%; previously minor: right-click on type: Spelling › Auto Spell Check, with its check mark, #4936; previously minor: right-click on a word Auto Spell Check underlined: its suggestions, Ignore All and Add to Dictionary, #4936; previously minor: Canvas: a 3D effect changed on type or a group redraws where its solid was; Fit to Artwork Bounds and per-artboard SVG export build each solid once for all artboards; previously minor: Effect Gallery: a thumbnail for each filter and a preview area inside the dialog, on an original drawing; Raster effects 52% → 55%, hours 1–2 → none; headline numbers unchanged; Auto Spell Check: `edit.autoSpellCheck` underlines the unknown words, #4936; previously minor: PDF editable import preserves authored ActualText once, including empty/nested spans and authored ordering (#6165); cross-line/style layout remains approximate; scores and estimates unchanged; PDF marked-text export (#6309): compatible glyphs stay on one layout line with per-glyph offsets; scores and estimates unchanged; G5: UI Frames built-in symbol library with default 9-slice; bundled content ~32%; previously minor: G5: dynamic symbol part on-canvas opacity/blend/gradient/pattern; strokes remaining no longer lists Overlap/auto corners; symbols ~88%; previously minor: interim macOS cursor delivery, #2292; native validation pending; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: harakat paint fallback clarified; previously minor: current Guides feature-area rows consolidated using existing ruler evidence; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Control bar › Snapping includes the existing Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides toggles (#6164); scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: G5 docs: Art brush Overlap and Pattern brush auto corners removed from strokes remaining; symbols remaining lists dynamic on-canvas beyond solid and guides outside the art; previously minor: custom dictionary and Ignore All: `text.spelling.addWord`, `removeWord`, `changeWord`, `dictionary` and `ignoreAll`, #4936; previously minor: EPS import: embedded fonts (composite, Type 42, CID-keyed, Type 1, CFF FontSet) draw their glyphs; spell check engine: `text.spelling.check` and `text.spelling.suggest` on craft-proof, #4936; previously minor: floating tab groups collapse into the side icon rail and opened rail panels fold back into it, #5925 in part; `.ai`/EPS type keeps its tab stops, and right-aligned lines with tabs lay out as the file's page, #6147; `.ai`/EPS type from the text document lays its lines out closer to the file's page, within limits, #6137; `.ai` and EPS import: older Art brush objects read; numeric fields step on wheel hover without taking keyboard focus, and a panel wheel turn cannot seed a canvas zoom glide, #5949; Character Styles panel: a double-click on a style's row opens its Character Style Options; the dialog keeps a fixed width and scrolls its sections, so its buttons stay on screen; Tools stays beside the canvas with left-side panels; new gradients follow document color mode; Selection QoL: marquee modes and visible feedback, #5313; SVG CSS classes survive export and repeated import in all four styling modes (#2480); current-main integration retains event attributes and scripts; #3380 deletion-only review follow-up: independent survivors keep gradient placement, owned subpaths avoid discarded copies, and contracts/status/evidence are clarified; endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged; the canvas keeps selection outlines and anchors between frames; Indian-language hyphenation review and license allowlist, #4947; Stroke gradients: an arrowhead aligned to the tip is painted to the corners of its base, #5964; Drop Shadow and glow dialogs: spinner arrows, #5367, #5368; Stroke Weight Up and Down shortcuts, #5797; Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; full wording review in progress; Properties in Edit Artboards: a Transform section with the reference point above the Artboards section, #5219; the Control bar's Stroke: and Opacity: links scrub their fields, #4088; an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only where it shows (#4155); a document's first frame renders on the render worker, so opening a heavy file no longer freezes the window, #4155; Control bar Paragraph section with type selected, #5372; translating unchanged type reuses its glyph and character-stroke outlines; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x; public release notes through 30.7, August 2026; Units › East Asian Type acts, with Q and Ha units; scores unchanged)
+>
+> Tech Circuit update (2026-11-14): three original procedural brushes; ten built-in brush libraries (G5).
 >
 > Oversized artboard import update (2026-11-12): Explicit editing-data import retains a single artboard beyond a capped 14,400 pt PDF page (#6865).
 >
@@ -59,9 +61,10 @@ Artboard Options forwards the active Artboard tool's Scale Artwork with Artboard
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
-| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | Swatches item context menus added in all list/thumbnail views, with clicked-item selection, Options/Duplicate/Delete and reserved/missing-swatch guards. Headless regressions added; execution and visual verification pending. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G5: Weather Icons joins Basic Shapes, UI Frames, Map Markers, Inventory Icons and Skill Icons as a sixth built-in symbol library (Sun, Moon, Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Snow; original procedural vector symbols generated in code, no default 9-slice); area score and estimate unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-14 | minor | G5: Tech Circuit adds three original procedural brushes (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines, Terminal Nodes); ten built-in brush libraries. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); parity scores and headline totals unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | Pencil and Paintbrush: a closed stroke (Alt at the release, or ending within Close Paths When Ends Are Within of its start) is fitted as the open stroke would be and closed by a straight segment back to its start, instead of curving on past both ends (`pencil_alt_closes_a_stroke_straight_back_to_its_start` in `crates/engine/src/tests/draw2.rs`). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Pencil cursors: the continuation cursor (a short rising line) shows over an open end of a selected path before any press, freehand too, and while a continuing stroke nears another selected path's open end it connects to; the straight-line cursor is a short level line; a continued path, a straight line too, shows the closing cursor and closes within Close Paths When Ends Are Within of its other end, and with Alt at the release (`a_continued_stroke_shows_where_it_connects_or_closes` in `crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/tests.rs`, `pencil_extend_closes_as_closed_says` in `crates/engine/src/tests/draw2.rs`). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Pencil: ignores Smart Guides and Snap to Point and shows no Smart Guides, hovering or drawing; a stroke's ends and both ends of its straight lines follow the hand, while Snap to Grid and Snap to Pixel still move them (#7252; `pencil_follows_the_hand_and_shows_no_smart_guides`, `pencil_ends_still_snap_to_the_grid_and_pixels` in `crates/tools/src/draw2/gesture/tests.rs`). Public basis: community experts on the reference app's forum say Smart Guides and the other snapping options don't make the Pencil snap ([Drawing and snapping to path in Illustrator](https://community.adobe.com/questions-652/drawing-and-snapping-to-path-in-illustrator-766887)). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
@@ -241,7 +244,7 @@ dominate; 3D, graphs and automation are specialist). They sum to 105. Feature de
 | Drawing tools (Pen, Curvature, Pencil, shapes, Shaper) | 7 | 85% | Shaper construction widget, Pencil/Pen nuances, Blob Brush options, Touch Type, Dimension tool; see [ui-parity.md](ui-parity.md) | 8–13 | estimated; Curvature point display regression-tested (#1236, in part); Polygon/Star exact-size count persistence regression-covered; Live Corners' Relative rounding done (#3091), score unchanged; Copy and Cut with the Pen or Curvature tool take the anchors a Cmd/Ctrl-lent Direct Selection picked (#6123), score and hours unchanged; the Pen, Smart Pen and Curvature tool show the measurement readout with the rubber band off (#7043), score, gaps and hours unchanged |
 | Path operations, Pathfinder, Shape Builder, Live Paint | 5 | 80% | Shape Builder on the reporter's file (#937: art past 4,096 segments is cut by lines again; unconfirmed on the file itself); gap detection shares Live Paint’s finder, with a 72 pt custom cap and the existing options; Live Paint Gap Options | 4–8 | estimated; Shape Builder Gap Detection shares Live Paint’s spatial gap finder and temporary merge bridges (#2526); Custom is capped at 72 pt in the existing options dialog (lowered from 86%: open issues); compound attributes regression-tested (#1197); single-result source names survive SVG export/import (#1293), with [SVG ID semantics](https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/struct.html#IDAttribute) and original-shape tests; Simplify component selection and preview regression-tested (#1272); Simplify of a Direct Selection part of a path regression-tested (`tests/simplify_part.rs`); Divide open-cutting-path geometry and appearance regression-tested (#1307); the Shape Builder's edge-source grid is bounded in memory and files a segment once per cell (`planar.rs` test `rect_index_holds_a_bounded_number_of_references`); live compound shapes (Make, Alt-click, member Shape Modes, Release, Expand, saved and exported) regression-tested (#4522); Live Paint Bucket face drags, including narrow faces and one Undo, regression-tested (#6373) |
 | Colour, swatches, gradients, patterns, mesh, recolor | 7 | 92% | Eyedropper copies effective character dimensions across text transforms (#6404); 30.0's gradient additions are done (dither, perceptual blending, presets); freeform gradients in SVG/PDF, mixed spot/process gradients in SVG, PDF gradients mixing a spot color with RGB or Lab stops, and dithered spot gradient fills and Perceptual spot gradients with RGB or Lab stops other than white or more than 4,096 stops on their curve, which PDF export writes as images in process colors| 4–7 | estimated; Recolor model selection is available through the engine and MCP (#2520), and the dialog's color sliders (HSB, RGB, CMYK, Lab, Tint for a spot color) edit the selected row's new color in its mode, and the Edit tab's Global Adjust sliders (Saturation, Brightness, Temperature, Luminosity, -100% to 100%) change every recolored color at once (lowered from 96%: target moved); unpainted zero-width stroke restoration fixed (#1253), score and hours unchanged; Eyedropper source reads regression-tested (#1251); screen-bounded Recolor Edit chip list (#3416), score and hours unchanged; a point on a gradient mesh's outline locates on its edge on every side (#7006: `mesh_locate_takes_a_point_on_any_side_of_the_outline`, `mesh_add_line_exactly_on_the_edge_needs_no_tolerance`), score and hours unchanged |
-| Strokes, brushes, width profiles | 5 | 88% | Shift-double-click adjoining adjustment is implemented; brush libraries are done (nine generated libraries including Ink and Wash, Bristle Brushes, Game Trails, Energy Beams and Dry Media, User Defined, Other Library…, Save Brushes); Art brush Overlap and Pattern brush auto corners are done; remaining: pen pressure on macOS, Stylus Wheel, more built-in brush libraries, tilt, bearing and rotation for Art, Pattern and Bristle brushes and on native Wayland and the web | 8–15 | estimated; width-point creation and adjoining adjustment regression-tested; dialog layout reviewed; evidence below; finite-arithmetic follow-up regressions and full CI passed (evidence below) |
+| Strokes, brushes, width profiles | 5 | 88% | Shift-double-click adjoining adjustment is implemented; brush libraries are done (ten generated libraries including Tech Circuit, Ink and Wash, Bristle Brushes, Game Trails, Energy Beams and Dry Media, User Defined, Other Library…, Save Brushes); Art brush Overlap and Pattern brush auto corners are done; remaining: pen pressure on macOS, Stylus Wheel, more built-in brush libraries, tilt, bearing and rotation for Art, Pattern and Bristle brushes and on native Wayland and the web | 8–15 | estimated; width-point creation and adjoining adjustment regression-tested; dialog layout reviewed; evidence below; finite-arithmetic follow-up regressions and full CI passed (evidence below) |
 | Appearance, transparency, graphic styles, masks | 5 | 97% | raster effect reach in preview bounds | 1–2 | estimated; Transform typing, sliders, preview, and undo are covered in `crates/ui-egui/src/panels/tests_appearance.rs` |
 | 3D and Materials (and Turntable) | 4 | ~25% | live Revolve with automatic smooth vector shading and default-on continuous circular caps, Extrude & Bevel (twist, taper, caps, five bevel shapes), Inflate and Rotate with Position presets (colored Inflate uses smooth membrane lighting; white-light Inflate retains its existing shading; Extrude & Bevel and Rotate retain planar shading; one to ten colored lights, shared neutral ambient, painter visibility); materials, light presets, shadows, ray tracing, the rest of 3D Classic (Map Art), Turntable views, textures, map art and shading in 3D export | 30–55 | estimated (Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate added 2026-10-12); every 3D seam has round joins (2026-11-12, [three-d.md](three-d.md#seams)), score, gaps and hours unchanged |
 | Type core | 9 | 80% | Auto-leading style resets are implemented; Hyphenation… and Justification… options are done (#2310, #2755), and a paragraph's Auto Leading also sets the Character panel's Leading, the Alt+↑/↓ leading nudge and Fill with Placeholder Text; remaining: Optical Margin Alignment, Middle Eastern features beyond bidi layout, optional group font-size preservation; transformed character controls fixed (#1034), see [type-parity.md](type-parity.md) | 14–19 | estimated; eleven-language pattern hyphenation in both composers, with grapheme and shaping-cluster protection (#4947, `hyphen::tests` and `layout::wrapping_tests`); Sanskrit patterns pending an allowlisted source; recent-font groups in font pickers (#3515); full-name font matches regression-tested (#1258); mixed paragraph alignment indication implemented; headless regressions, full integration CI and visual review pass; localized legacy family-name fallback with loaded/catalog regressions (#2208); Fractional Widths per type object regression-tested; color emoji fonts with bitmap glyphs (`sbix`, `CBDT`) draw and export; threading ports: every selected area type and type on a path shows its in and out ports (empty, arrow, red "+"), and the Selection tool threads from either, the in port into a frame before it, and a double-click on a threaded port breaks the thread there (`threads::tests::break_splits_the_thread_and_the_story_flows_into_the_first_part`, `select::tests::a_double_click_on_a_threaded_port_breaks_the_thread`, `canvas::tests::a_double_click_on_a_threaded_out_port_breaks_the_thread`) (#2572; `select::tests::a_click_on_the_in_port_threads_into_a_frame_before_it`, `text::tests::selected_type_shows_its_ports_in_each_state`, `threads::tests::add_before_threads_the_story_from_the_new_frame_into_the_clicked_one`, live screenshot); the Glyphs panel highlights and scrolls to the character selected with the Type tool (#4908, `panels::glyphs` tests); the OpenType panel lists only `ss01`–`ss20` sets present in the selected font and uses its custom names when supplied; Type-range desktop Copy publishes styled art and keeps font family, size and color on canvas Paste after editing (#5636); paint-only Arabic harakat keep joining with conditional GDEF-mark ownership and Insert Kashidas base-letter paint (`tests::harakat`) |
@@ -260,8 +263,8 @@ dominate; 3D, graphs and automation are specialist). They sum to 105. Feature de
 | Layers, artboards, document setup | 5 | 78% | Selected-artboard deletion is consistent across panel actions (all-selected retains artboard 1); history prunes removed indices while preserving valid multiselection; remaining:  30.0's artboard locking and colours and managing artboards from the canvas, Layers row menu commands beyond Collect for Export and menus on guide and blend spine rows (click-to-fit objects is done, #1227) | 5–8 | estimated (lowered from 82%: target moved); Artboard deletion keys keep artwork and the first of an all-selected set; Artboard Options' Show Center Mark and Show Cross Hairs draw on the canvas only (exports and print leave them out), regression-tested; Artboard Options' Show Video Safe Areas and Video Ruler Pixel Aspect Ratio (per artboard, native format) are done ([video display options](#evidence-what-ships-today-by-area)), score unchanged |
 | View & navigation | 3 | 70% | multiple windows and the rest of Arrange (Cascade, Float in Window, Float All in Windows) | 9–14 | estimated; Window › Arrange › Tile and Consolidate All Windows done (score/hours unchanged); document-tab artwork hover/copy and lossless transfer tested (2026-10-22; score/hours unchanged); cached canvas reprojection preserves scale during resize, rotation and DPI changes (regression and contributor original-file evidence below; scores/hours unchanged); cached canvas dimensions match the renderer limit before cache-key creation, view construction and worker submission (regression evidence below) |
 | File formats | 6 | 75% | `.ai` files open with a flattened or wrong layer structure in real cases (#951), no writing of Illustrator's editing data (#868), FreeHand/CorelDRAW/DWG/HEIC import, 3D export; see [file-format-parity.md](file-format-parity.md); EPS legacy mesh/opacity-mask and raster comparison follow-up verified  PDF marked-text batching covered by M4 evidence (#6309); cross-line/style ActualText layout (#6165) and styled-cluster limits remain.| 10–20 | estimated (lowered from 85%: open issues); DXF control-point SPLINE import closure regression-tested (#1299 follow-up after #1320); DXF export's Include Placed Images and Include Fill Hatches options, off in CNC / CAM (`images_and_hatches_are_left_out_independently_and_the_cnc_preset_leaves_out_both`; score, gaps and hours unchanged); PDF writer metadata, reader streaming and immutable backend checks in `crates/pdf/src/tests.rs`, `crates/pdf/src/tests/reader_streaming.rs` and `xtask/src/pdf_deps.rs`; PDF Place and clipboard paste retain live text (synthetic regressions); EPS ordinary Save retains the page frame and editable document (2026-10-26); `.ai`/EPS editing data checked against a user's files (2026-10-30): case setting (`ate::tests`, `tests_native::type_from_the_text_document_keeps_its_case_setting`), placed-file placements (`tests_native::a_small_placed_file_goes_where_it_draws_closer_to_the_page`), pages cropped to the art (`tests_native::type_on_the_copies_of_a_page_cropped_to_the_art_is_read_once`), mesh corner weights and state (`ai::mesh::tests::corners_with_handle_weights_of_zero_are_read`, `ai::tests::a_gradient_mesh_takes_the_transparency_written_after_it`), type on a path spacing (`tests_native::type_round_a_circle_is_spaced_as_the_file_lays_it_out`; the distance from the path under Align to Path is measured from the top of each character's em box, half the height of the top of its H or the bottom of its font's bounding box (`tests_native::aligned_type_lies_as_far_from_its_path_as_the_file_lays_it_out`), and the fit under Gravity does not reproduce the file's layout), blend state (`ai::tests::a_blends_transparency_follows_its_record`); scores and estimates unchanged. PDF ActualText preserved in editable import (#6165; bounded synthetic coverage below); score/hours unchanged. Legacy `.ai` type keeps its manual kerning pairs (`Tk`, `TK`), discretionary hyphens (`T+`, `T-`) and hyphenation language (`XL`) when it opens, and legacy `.ai` saves write manual kerning as `Tk` and soft hyphens as `T+` (`import::ai::tests::legacy_manual_pair_kerning_is_kept`, `legacy_ai::tests::manual_kerning_and_soft_hyphens_are_written_and_read_back`); score, gaps and hours unchanged. |
-| File formats | 6 | 75% | `.ai` files open with a flattened or wrong layer structure in real cases (#951), a saved `.ai`'s editing copy without live effects on objects other than paths, compound paths and groups that qualify (at most a fill and a stroke, a non-zero fill rule when filled, no large canvas) and whose appearance and effects the art-style writer supports, and with live objects as their art (#868), FreeHand/CorelDRAW/DWG/HEIC import, textures, map art and shading in 3D export; see [file-format-parity.md](file-format-parity.md); EPS legacy mesh/opacity-mask and raster comparison follow-up verified  PDF marked-text batching covered by M4 evidence (#6309); cross-line/style ActualText layout (#6165) and styled-cluster limits remain.| 10–20 | estimated (lowered from 85%: open issues); DXF control-point SPLINE import closure regression-tested (#1299 follow-up after #1320); PDF writer metadata, reader streaming and immutable backend checks in `crates/pdf/src/tests.rs`, `crates/pdf/src/tests/reader_streaming.rs` and `xtask/src/pdf_deps.rs`; PDF Place and clipboard paste retain live text (synthetic regressions); EPS ordinary Save retains the page frame and editable document (2026-10-26); `.ai`/EPS editing data checked against a user's files (2026-10-30): case setting (`ate::tests`, `tests_native::type_from_the_text_document_keeps_its_case_setting`), placed-file placements (`tests_native::a_small_placed_file_goes_where_it_draws_closer_to_the_page`), pages cropped to the art (`tests_native::type_on_the_copies_of_a_page_cropped_to_the_art_is_read_once`), mesh corner weights and state (`ai::mesh::tests::corners_with_handle_weights_of_zero_are_read`, `ai::tests::a_gradient_mesh_takes_the_transparency_written_after_it`), type on a path spacing (`tests_native::type_round_a_circle_is_spaced_as_the_file_lays_it_out`), blend state (`ai::tests::a_blends_transparency_follows_its_record`); scores and estimates unchanged. PDF ActualText preserved in editable import (#6165; bounded synthetic coverage below); score/hours unchanged. Legacy `.ai` type keeps its manual kerning pairs (`Tk`, `TK`), discretionary hyphens (`T+`, `T-`) and hyphenation language (`XL`) when it opens, and legacy `.ai` saves write manual kerning as `Tk` and soft hyphens as `T+` (`import::ai::tests::legacy_manual_pair_kerning_is_kept`, `legacy_ai::tests::manual_kerning_and_soft_hyphens_are_written_and_read_back`); score, gaps and hours unchanged. |
-| File formats | 6 | 75% | `.ai` files open with a flattened or wrong layer structure in real cases (#951), a saved `.ai`'s editing copy without live effects on objects other than paths, compound paths and groups that qualify (at most a fill and a stroke, a non-zero fill rule when filled, no large canvas) and whose appearance and effects the art-style writer supports, and with live objects as their art (#868), FreeHand/CorelDRAW/DWG/HEIC import, 3D export; see [file-format-parity.md](file-format-parity.md); EPS legacy mesh/opacity-mask and raster comparison follow-up verified  PDF marked-text batching covered by M4 evidence (#6309); cross-line/style ActualText layout (#6165) and styled-cluster limits remain.| 10–20 | estimated (lowered from 85%: open issues); DXF control-point SPLINE import closure regression-tested (#1299 follow-up after #1320); PDF writer metadata, reader streaming and immutable backend checks in `crates/pdf/src/tests.rs`, `crates/pdf/src/tests/reader_streaming.rs` and `xtask/src/pdf_deps.rs`; PDF Place and clipboard paste retain live text (synthetic regressions); SVG CSS classes survive export and repeated import in all four styling modes (#2480); current-main integration retains event attributes and scripts; EPS ordinary Save retains the page frame and editable document (2026-10-26); `.ai`/EPS editing data checked against a user's files (2026-10-30): case setting (`ate::tests`, `tests_native::type_from_the_text_document_keeps_its_case_setting`), placed-file placements (`tests_native::a_small_placed_file_goes_where_it_draws_closer_to_the_page`), pages cropped to the art (`tests_native::type_on_the_copies_of_a_page_cropped_to_the_art_is_read_once`), mesh corner weights and state (`ai::mesh::tests::corners_with_handle_weights_of_zero_are_read`, `ai::tests::a_gradient_mesh_takes_the_transparency_written_after_it`), type on a path spacing (`tests_native::type_round_a_circle_is_spaced_as_the_file_lays_it_out`), blend state (`ai::tests::a_blends_transparency_follows_its_record`); scores and estimates unchanged. PDF ActualText preserved in editable import (#6165; bounded synthetic coverage below); score/hours unchanged.  Save refusal continuation (#6146): `READ_ONLY_LOCATION`, Save As on ordinary UI Save only; regression execution pending; score/hours unchanged. Legacy `.ai` type keeps its manual kerning pairs (`Tk`, `TK`), discretionary hyphens (`T+`, `T-`) and hyphenation language (`XL`) when it opens, and legacy `.ai` saves write manual kerning as `Tk` and soft hyphens as `T+` (`import::ai::tests::legacy_manual_pair_kerning_is_kept`, `legacy_ai::tests::manual_kerning_and_soft_hyphens_are_written_and_read_back`); score, gaps and hours unchanged. |
+| File formats | 6 | 75% | `.ai` files open with a flattened or wrong layer structure in real cases (#951), a saved `.ai`'s editing copy without live effects on objects other than paths, compound paths and groups that qualify (at most a fill and a stroke, a non-zero fill rule when filled, no large canvas) and whose appearance and effects the art-style writer supports, and with live objects other than grouped column, stacked column, line and area graphs the `.ai` reader reads back whole as their art (#868), FreeHand/CorelDRAW/DWG/HEIC import, textures, map art and shading in 3D export; see [file-format-parity.md](file-format-parity.md); EPS legacy mesh/opacity-mask and raster comparison follow-up verified  PDF marked-text batching covered by M4 evidence (#6309); cross-line/style ActualText layout (#6165) and styled-cluster limits remain.| 10–20 | estimated (lowered from 85%: open issues); DXF control-point SPLINE import closure regression-tested (#1299 follow-up after #1320); PDF writer metadata, reader streaming and immutable backend checks in `crates/pdf/src/tests.rs`, `crates/pdf/src/tests/reader_streaming.rs` and `xtask/src/pdf_deps.rs`; PDF Place and clipboard paste retain live text (synthetic regressions); EPS ordinary Save retains the page frame and editable document (2026-10-26); `.ai`/EPS editing data checked against a user's files (2026-10-30): case setting (`ate::tests`, `tests_native::type_from_the_text_document_keeps_its_case_setting`), placed-file placements (`tests_native::a_small_placed_file_goes_where_it_draws_closer_to_the_page`), pages cropped to the art (`tests_native::type_on_the_copies_of_a_page_cropped_to_the_art_is_read_once`), mesh corner weights and state (`ai::mesh::tests::corners_with_handle_weights_of_zero_are_read`, `ai::tests::a_gradient_mesh_takes_the_transparency_written_after_it`), type on a path spacing (`tests_native::type_round_a_circle_is_spaced_as_the_file_lays_it_out`), blend state (`ai::tests::a_blends_transparency_follows_its_record`); scores and estimates unchanged. Graphs saved to `.ai` in either form open again as live graphs (`ai_editing::tests::graphs_are_written_with_their_records_and_open_live`, `legacy_ai::tests::graphs_are_written_with_their_records_and_open_live`, `cmd::graph::tests::a_drawn_graph_saved_as_ai_opens_as_a_graph_unless_the_save_warns`); other graphs are still written as their art (`graphs_the_records_cant_keep_are_written_as_their_art`); score and hours unchanged. PDF ActualText preserved in editable import (#6165; bounded synthetic coverage below); score/hours unchanged. Legacy `.ai` type keeps its manual kerning pairs (`Tk`, `TK`), discretionary hyphens (`T+`, `T-`) and hyphenation language (`XL`) when it opens, and legacy `.ai` saves write manual kerning as `Tk` and soft hyphens as `T+` (`import::ai::tests::legacy_manual_pair_kerning_is_kept`, `legacy_ai::tests::manual_kerning_and_soft_hyphens_are_written_and_read_back`); score, gaps and hours unchanged. |
+| File formats | 6 | 75% | `.ai` files open with a flattened or wrong layer structure in real cases (#951), a saved `.ai`'s editing copy without live effects on objects other than paths, compound paths and groups that qualify (at most a fill and a stroke, a non-zero fill rule when filled, no large canvas) and whose appearance and effects the art-style writer supports, and with live objects other than grouped column, stacked column, line and area graphs the `.ai` reader reads back whole as their art (#868), FreeHand/CorelDRAW/DWG/HEIC import, 3D export; see [file-format-parity.md](file-format-parity.md); EPS legacy mesh/opacity-mask and raster comparison follow-up verified  PDF marked-text batching covered by M4 evidence (#6309); cross-line/style ActualText layout (#6165) and styled-cluster limits remain.| 10–20 | estimated (lowered from 85%: open issues); DXF control-point SPLINE import closure regression-tested (#1299 follow-up after #1320); PDF writer metadata, reader streaming and immutable backend checks in `crates/pdf/src/tests.rs`, `crates/pdf/src/tests/reader_streaming.rs` and `xtask/src/pdf_deps.rs`; PDF Place and clipboard paste retain live text (synthetic regressions); SVG CSS classes survive export and repeated import in all four styling modes (#2480); current-main integration retains event attributes and scripts; EPS ordinary Save retains the page frame and editable document (2026-10-26); `.ai`/EPS editing data checked against a user's files (2026-10-30): case setting (`ate::tests`, `tests_native::type_from_the_text_document_keeps_its_case_setting`), placed-file placements (`tests_native::a_small_placed_file_goes_where_it_draws_closer_to_the_page`), pages cropped to the art (`tests_native::type_on_the_copies_of_a_page_cropped_to_the_art_is_read_once`), mesh corner weights and state (`ai::mesh::tests::corners_with_handle_weights_of_zero_are_read`, `ai::tests::a_gradient_mesh_takes_the_transparency_written_after_it`), type on a path spacing (`tests_native::type_round_a_circle_is_spaced_as_the_file_lays_it_out`), blend state (`ai::tests::a_blends_transparency_follows_its_record`); scores and estimates unchanged. Graphs saved to `.ai` in either form open again as live graphs (`ai_editing::tests::graphs_are_written_with_their_records_and_open_live`, `legacy_ai::tests::graphs_are_written_with_their_records_and_open_live`, `cmd::graph::tests::a_drawn_graph_saved_as_ai_opens_as_a_graph_unless_the_save_warns`); other graphs are still written as their art (`graphs_the_records_cant_keep_are_written_as_their_art`); score and hours unchanged. PDF ActualText preserved in editable import (#6165; bounded synthetic coverage below); score/hours unchanged.  Save refusal continuation (#6146): `READ_ONLY_LOCATION`, Save As on ordinary UI Save only; regression execution pending; score/hours unchanged. Legacy `.ai` type keeps its manual kerning pairs (`Tk`, `TK`), discretionary hyphens (`T+`, `T-`) and hyphenation language (`XL`) when it opens, and legacy `.ai` saves write manual kerning as `Tk` and soft hyphens as `T+` (`import::ai::tests::legacy_manual_pair_kerning_is_kept`, `legacy_ai::tests::manual_kerning_and_soft_hyphens_are_written_and_read_back`); score, gaps and hours unchanged. |
 | View & navigation | 3 | 70% | multiple windows and the rest of Arrange (Cascade, Float in Window, Float All in Windows) | 9–14 | estimated; Window › Arrange › Tile and Consolidate All Windows done (score/hours unchanged); document-tab artwork hover/copy and lossless transfer tested (2026-10-22; score/hours unchanged); cached canvas reprojection preserves scale during resize, rotation and DPI changes (regression and contributor original-file evidence below; scores/hours unchanged) |
 | View & navigation | 3 | 70% | multiple windows and the rest of Arrange (Cascade, Float in Window, Float All in Windows) | 9–14 | estimated; Window › Arrange › Tile and Consolidate All Windows done (score/hours unchanged) |
 | Guides, grids, smart guides, snapping, rulers | 3 | 80% | "intersect" smart guides for a moved selection's anchors (drawn points and dragged anchors snap to intersections, #1658) | 4–7 | estimated (lowered from 85%: target moved); Control bar snapping quick access includes Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides (#6164); new ruler-guide Alt orientation implemented; global/artboard ruler modes (`view.globalRulers`) and video rulers (View › Rulers › Show Video Rulers, #2849) done; status-bar X/Y uses the active ruler origin and General units; score unchanged |
@@ -510,7 +513,7 @@ about 1–1.5 agent-hours each, so the other rows (estimated on the older scale)
 | Drawing tools | 7 | 86% | rough-square Shaper recognition and orientation steps corrected; editable Shaper Groups landed; Pencil: Alt key toggles to Smooth Tool (#2001); remaining: Shaper construction widget/gesture refinements, pencil and the remaining pen modifier nuances, Blob Brush Merge Only with Selection, Touch Type, Live Corners' Relative rounding | 7–12 |
 | Path operations, Pathfinder, Shape Builder, Live Paint | 5 | 86% | Live Paint gap options, Shape Builder gap detection, options (Tool Options dialog, clicking a stroke in merge mode) and Shift-drag marquee | 3–6 |
 | Colour, swatches, gradients, patterns, mesh, recolor | 7 | 96% | Library panels' lists (swatch, Color Book, brush, symbol and graphic style libraries) fill a taller panel above its footer (#2992; scores and estimates unchanged); Swatches list fills a taller panel above its footer (#1638; `the_list_fills_a_tall_panel_above_its_footer`; scores and estimates unchanged); freeform gradients in SVG/PDF and mixed spot/process gradients in SVG (exported as stops; PDF export keeps the spot inks in a DeviceN shading, except next to RGB or Lab stops; dithered fills and Perceptual gradients with RGB or Lab stops other than white or more than 4,096 stops on their curve are written as images in process colors), pattern fills in Expand | 2–4; Eyedropper source reads regression-tested (#1251) |
-| Strokes, brushes, width profiles | 5 | 90% | more built-in brush libraries (nine generated in code including Ink and Wash, Bristle Brushes, Game Trails, Energy Beams and Dry Media are done; Art brush Overlap and Pattern brush auto corners are done), pen pressure on macOS (the windowing layer reports none there), Stylus Wheel, tilt, bearing and rotation for Art, Pattern and Bristle brushes and on native Wayland and the web | 8–15 |
+| Strokes, brushes, width profiles | 5 | 90% | more built-in brush libraries (ten generated in code including Tech Circuit, Ink and Wash, Bristle Brushes, Game Trails, Energy Beams and Dry Media are done; Art brush Overlap and Pattern brush auto corners are done), pen pressure on macOS (the windowing layer reports none there), Stylus Wheel, tilt, bearing and rotation for Art, Pattern and Bristle brushes and on native Wayland and the web | 8–15 |
 | Appearance, transparency, graphic styles, masks | 5 | 98% | Graphic Styles list fills a taller panel above its footer (#2992; scores and estimates unchanged); raster effect reach in preview bounds (flattener presets apply in PDF, EPS and print) | 1–2 |
 | Live vector effects | 5 | 85% | Outline Object, Pathfinder Hard/Soft Mix and Trap (since done: #3061, #3063, #3785), SVG Filters, Transform Patterns and Scale Strokes & Effects on a fill's or stroke's own Transform effect | 6–10 |
 | 3D and Materials | 4 | ~25% | Initial Revolve, Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate, with simple lighting; materials, light presets, shadows, ray tracing, Rotate (Classic), Map Art and more complete visibility remain | 25–45 |
@@ -562,7 +565,7 @@ since 2026-10-01.
 | **Interaction fidelity:** modifiers, cursors, small behaviours | ~30–40% | The dedicated pass hasn't started, and there has been no side-by-side session with Illustrator yet. A power user notices this first |
 | **Look & feel** | ~75–80% | Measured against Illustrator 2026 screenshots (2026-10-02); the panels added since haven't been re-measured |
 | **File interop** | ~85% | SVG/SVGZ, PDF and PDF-compatible `.ai` (and legacy version 7 `.ai` out, keeping layers, groups and type as text), EPS, DXF, EMF/WMF, raster formats, PSD export and PSD/PSB placement (merged image), Place and Links, Package, Print, clipboard flavours. Affinity documents (Affinity 1–3) open natively as editable art, checked against 51 pinned public files (33 current `.af`), with selected saved-thumbnail comparisons and every-board native/SVG/PDF/PSD checks for current files; Affinity export is missing and effects, adjustments and brushes don't import. Affinity isn't an Illustrator feature, so this doesn't raise the parity score. The editing copy inside an Illustrator EPS or `.ai` is read for its structure: layers, groups, names, hidden objects and type, colours, gradients, transparency, images and every artboard (see Out of scope for what it doesn't read yet); DWG has no open spec |
-| **Bundled content:** brush, symbol, style and swatch libraries | ~46% | Ours are original and generated in code, and far fewer than Illustrator ships; symbol libraries have six (Basic Shapes, UI Frames with default 9-slice, Map Markers, Inventory Icons, Skill Icons, Weather Icons), graphic style libraries eight (including Game HUD and Status Effects) and brush libraries nine (Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle Brushes, Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams, Dry Media) beside User Defined and Other Library… |
+| **Bundled content:** brush, symbol, style and swatch libraries | ~46% | Ours are original and generated in code, and far fewer than Illustrator ships; symbol libraries have six (Basic Shapes, UI Frames with default 9-slice, Map Markers, Inventory Icons, Skill Icons, Weather Icons), graphic style libraries eight (including Game HUD and Status Effects) and brush libraries ten (Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle Brushes, Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams, Dry Media, Tech Circuit) beside User Defined and Other Library… |
 | **Performance** | unverified | Multithreaded, off-thread rendering and caches are in place. The last budget run (2026-10-01, loaded machine) measured 290 ms for a 50k-path fit against a 16 ms budget. Re-run `vectorcraft-cli perf` on an idle machine |
 | **Robustness** | good, new | ~2,840 tests, property tests, no panics in shipped code (lints, the `guard` safety net, import fuzzing), Data Recovery. Missing: a corpus of real-world files, Windows/Linux/browser QA |
 | **Platforms and 1.0 polish** | ~60% | The macOS app and the web build work, and Finder opens every readable format with the macOS app (#295, #354); on macOS the menus are in the system menu bar, laid out as a Mac app's, with the in-window menus as a fallback (`--in-window-menus`; verified on Windows and by cross-compilation, not yet by hand on a Mac); hybrid-graphics laptops render on the power-saving GPU by default on Windows and macOS (#306), and Windows starts on Direct3D 12, falling back to OpenGL, and loads no Vulkan driver unless `WGPU_BACKEND` asks for it (#545: Vulkan flickered black on an Intel GPU, DX12 and OpenGL didn't; #806: a faulty Vulkan driver crashed the app before its window appeared; verified by unit tests and the reporter's runs with `WGPU_BACKEND`), and Linux on the GPU the desktop runs on, since a Wayland compositor may refuse frames from the other one; a window that fails on its GPU while starting up starts again on the next one instead of crashing (#502; the dual-GPU Wayland case is verified by unit tests and cross-compilation, not on such hardware); web drops land in the document they were dropped on (#359); desktop drops carry no pointer position (winit 0.30), so a dropped document opens as a tab of its own and a picture or text is placed in the middle of the view, while the web places anything dropped on the canvas and opens what is dropped off it, as Illustrator does (#472); a web page that loses its WebGPU device or WebGL context restarts its graphics with the same documents (#369); on Linux/Wayland the clipboard reads the compositor's own (data-control) and copied image files paste, but files can't be dropped on the window under native Wayland until eframe moves to winit 0.31 (#398; the Wayland side is verified by compilation only), so Preferences › Performance › Linux Display Server › X11 (XWayland) opens the window through XWayland, where drops work (#1151; verified by unit tests and cross-compilation, not on a Wayland desktop); on Linux the Paste menu checks the system clipboard on a background thread, so a clipboard owner that never answers no longer freezes the window, while Windows and macOS keep their quick in-line check (#510; the X11 hang verified by the contributor, here by headless tests); on KDE Plasma 6.3+ under Wayland, pens and pen displays reach the app only under XWayland (`WAYLAND_DISPLAY=`) or with KWin's `KWIN_WAYLAND_EMULATE_TABLET=1`, since winit 0.30 has no Wayland tablet input (#491, not verified on hardware); Windows/Linux packaging and accessibility are pending |
@@ -618,6 +621,7 @@ since 2026-10-01.
 - **Tab stops in `.ai`/EPS type and right-aligned lines with tabs (#6147):** type from the text document keeps its paragraphs' tab stops (key 30: positions and left, center, right and decimal alignments; leaders aren't read), at most 1,024 a paragraph and 2^20 a story, past which the default stops apply with a warning. In right-aligned area type, the text before a line's last tab sits at its stops, measured from the left edge, and the text after it (none when the tab ends the line, with its hyphen when the line is hyphenated) against the right edge; centred and justified lines, point type and right-to-left paragraphs are aligned as a whole as before. Evidence: `ate::tests::a_paragraph_keeps_its_tab_stops`, `ate::tests::a_story_s_tab_stops_are_bounded`, `tests::right_aligned_area_type_sets_the_text_after_its_last_tab_against_the_edge`, `import_fuzz::text_frames_with_hostile_paragraph_attributes_never_panic`. Scores unchanged.
 - **`.ai`/EPS graphic styles that paint with a named gradient:** a graphic style library's style (or a file's listed style) whose fill, or the fill or stroke of a style of one paint, paints with one of the file's gradients by name loads with that gradient at the style's angle, fitted to the bounds of each object it is applied to (VectorCraft's own placement; the style stores only the gradient's name and angle). A style naming a gradient the file doesn't define, or painting with a pattern, is still left out. Evidence: `fileio::tests_aiimport::graphic_styles_in_a_ai_library_that_paint_with_a_named_gradient_load_with_it`, `style::tests::a_style_of_one_paint_reads_as_the_fill_and_stroke_its_xd_turns_on`. Scores unchanged.
 - **`.ai`/EPS type laid out closer to the file's page (#6137):** type from the text document keeps auto leading as auto, each line taking the paragraph's Auto Leading share (key 7) of the largest type on it ([Line and character spacing](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/line-character-spacing.html)); the paragraph's hyphenation options (keys 10 to 15) are read; area type of one frame whose last lines the file sets, but which don't fit here, may get a frame taller from its bottom, by its lines' deepest descent plus 0.05 pt and only when that shows more of those lines and no more than the file has (`vectorcraft_text::fit_source_lines`), with a warning when it does: the frame can stay as it is, or show only some of them; and a line a soft return ends is justified as a wrapped line is, a paragraph's last line keeping its alignment. Evidence: `ate::tests::auto_leading_follows_the_size_of_each_line`, `ate::tests::a_paragraph_keeps_its_auto_leading`, `ate::tests::a_paragraph_keeps_its_hyphenation_options`, `ate::tests::the_last_lines_the_file_sets_in_its_frame_show`, `tests::fit_source_lines_keeps_the_last_lines_the_source_sets`, `tests::typo::soft_return_in_justified_text_spreads_like_a_wrapped_line`. Limits: frames grow only for area type of one frame, horizontal, by its lines' deepest descent plus 0.05 pt; type in a font that isn't installed, and hyphenation in a language that isn't imported, still lay out differently. Scores unchanged.
+- **Graphs saved to `.ai` keep their data and settings:** a grouped column, stacked column, line or area graph is written to a `.ai` file, in either form, with the records the `.ai` reader reads (`crates/eps/src/import/ai/read/graph.rs`, #7311): `%_Gs`, its plot, type, settings, axes and table, its series' groups each tagged `Go`, and `%_GS` ([the specification](https://13thmonkey.org/documentation/fonts/AI7FileFormat.pdf), §17 and appendix A). The file opens again with the same live graph. A graph with settings the reader doesn't keep, graph designs, label formatting, more than 10,000 categories or 256 series, or art the reader doesn't attach a graph to is written as its art, with a warning. `crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs` and `crates/eps/src/ai_editing/tests.rs` write and read back each kind of graph; `a_drawn_graph_saved_as_ai_opens_as_a_graph_unless_the_save_warns` checks every graph type the graph tools draw. Scores unchanged.
 - **Selected Grid Repeat handles (#2691):** `tools/src/repeat_grid.rs` tests place the handles outside the grid at zoom 0.5, 1 and 4, preview rows, columns and spacing, leave no undo step for a drag that ends where it began, and give bounding-box handles priority; a headless canvas regression drags the row handle two tiles down in a zoomed view (3 → 5 rows, the source unchanged, one Undo back) and the column-spacing slider. Scores and hours unchanged.
 - **Selected Mirror Repeat handles:** a headless canvas regression creates the default mirror repeat and drags its Top bounding-box handle where the axis crosses it; the repeat grows vertically while its width stays fixed. Existing mirror-axis checks cover center movement and end-handle hit priority. The focused UI mirror tests pass. Scores and hours unchanged.
 - **Transform effect options (#885):** Effect › Distort & Transform › Transform… has visible Transform Objects, Transform Patterns and Scale Strokes & Effects checkboxes (`distort.transform` params `objects`, `patterns`, `strokes`; files without them draw as before). With Transform Objects off the geometry stays and makes no copies; Scale Strokes & Effects scales stroke weights, dashes and the fills' and strokes' effect distances by the mean scale, and Transform Patterns moves pattern tiles, each copy `k` by the transformation `k` times. Such objects draw, export and expand through the same per-copy art, so the canvas and Expand Appearance agree (engine `tests_transformfx`, effects `tests_transformfx`, the dialog test). A Transform effect in a fill's or stroke's own effects applies the same options to that fill or stroke: its weight and dashes and its pattern follow the transformation, and with copies each copy is an object of its own; the canvas, export, Expand Appearance and Use Preview Bounds use the same art (effects `tests_transformfx`). The effects listed after it in that fill's or stroke's list keep their own distances and apply to the transformed art and to each copy, as an object's later effects do after the object's Transform effect: a Drop Shadow after it keeps its offset, an Offset Path after it offsets by its own distance, and an SVG filter after it keeps its scale and the origin of its user space. With Transform Objects off, the effects before it keep their distances too. Before, Scale Strokes & Effects scaled a fill's or stroke's later effects by the mean scale, so existing documents with such effects draw differently. Effects apply in the order they are listed ([Appearance attributes](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/special-effects-styles/apply-graphic-styles/appearance-attributes-in-illustrator.html)); how the two options treat the effects after a fill's or stroke's own Transform effect is VectorCraft's own rule, following that order (effects `tests::rasterfollow::a_fills_own_transform_leaves_the_shadow_after_it`, `tests::rasterfollow::a_fills_own_transform_leaves_the_offset_after_it`, `tests::rasterfollow::a_fills_own_transform_leaves_the_svg_filter_after_it`, `tests::transformfx::a_fills_own_transform_with_scale_strokes_and_effects_leaves_its_later_effects`; engine `plugins::a_transform_after_a_painted_fill_effect_leaves_the_later_shadow_on_every_paint`). Public reference: [Scale objects](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/reshape-transform-objects/scale-objects.html), [How to apply effects](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/effects.html), [Distort and transform effects](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/reshape-transform-objects/distort-and-transform-effects-in-illustrator.html). Scores and hours unchanged.
@@ -954,7 +958,8 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
   - Align New Objects to Pixel Grid (`document.setup {alignNewObjectsToPixelGrid}`, a checkbox in New Document's Advanced Options and a checked item in the Transform panel menu) gives every path and compound path drawn in the document, the paths of a new grid or flare included, the pixel-aligned property, snapped in the step that draws it; it is on in the Mobile and Web presets and off in the others, saved presets and Recent keep it, and the document saves it. Type, images and groups do not take it, and art already in the document, pasted, duplicated or placed keeps its own property (VectorCraft's own rules) ([Pixel-aligned property](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/get-started/learn-the-basics/pixel-preview-mode-for-web-graphics.html); `tests::pixelalign::align_new_objects_makes_new_paths_pixel_aligned`, `align_new_objects_reaches_grids_flares_and_add_on_shapes`, `align_new_objects_is_saved_and_read_back`, `tests::newdoc::align_new_objects_to_pixel_grid_follows_the_preset`, `panels::transform::tests::align_new_objects_menu_item_toggles_the_active_document`, `dialogs::new_document::tests::align_new_objects_checkbox_follows_the_preset_and_reaches_the_document`).
   - Break Link to Symbol and Object › Expand give a symbol instance's art the instance's own bounding box: after Reset Bounding Box the art stands square to the page, an object turned inside the symbol keeps its angle relative to the instance's box, a group added for the instance's opacity takes the instance's box, and the clip groups of 9-slice art take the angle of their cell. Compound shapes and Pathfinder receive an instance's art with the same angles (VectorCraft's own behavior; `bboxrotate::reset_bounding_box_then_expand_symbol_instance`, `reset_bounding_box_then_expand_keeps_the_angles_inside_the_symbol`, `expanding_a_faded_symbol_instance_gives_its_group_the_instance_box`, `expanding_a_reflected_symbol_instance_keeps_its_box`, `symbol_nine_slice::break_link_turns_the_cells_of_a_sliced_instance_with_its_box`, effects `outline_object_turns_an_instances_art_with_its_box`).
   - Object › Transform › Reset Bounding Box squares the box of every object inside the selected ones as well: the children of groups, compound paths, clip groups, blends, envelopes, repeats and intertwines, and the art of linked opacity masks. Ungroup and the release commands then bring back boxes square to the page (VectorCraft's own behavior; `bboxrotate::reset_bounding_box_squares_the_objects_inside_a_group`, `reset_bounding_box_squares_the_turned_members_of_a_square_group`, `reset_bounding_box_then_release_clipping_mask` and the other `reset_bounding_box_then_*` tests, `reset_bounding_box_leaves_the_art_of_an_unlinked_opacity_mask`).
-  - After a rotation the Free Transform tool shows and drags the same turned bounding box as the Selection tool: its handles, their cursors and its rotate zone sit on the selection's own sides, a handle scales along those sides from the opposite handle ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/reshape-transform-objects/scale-objects.html)), Cmd/Ctrl on a side handle shears along that side, and Perspective Distort and Free Distort start from the turned box's corners (`object.distort` takes `angle` with `from`). The Scale and Reflect tools, their dialogs and commands, and the Transform panel's flips keep the page's axes (VectorCraft's own rule; `bboxrotate::free_transform_handles_turn_with_the_object_and_scale_along_its_axes`, `free_transform_shears_along_the_turned_side`, `free_transform_distort_starts_from_the_turned_box`, `xform::distort_reads_from_in_a_turned_frame_and_rejects_a_bad_angle`, tools `xform::free::tests::the_box_and_its_handles_turn_with_the_selection`).
+  - After a rotation the Free Transform tool shows and drags the same turned bounding box as the Selection tool: its handles, their cursors and its rotate zone sit on the selection's own sides, a handle scales along those sides from the opposite handle ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/reshape-transform-objects/scale-objects.html)), Cmd/Ctrl on a side handle shears along that side, and Perspective Distort and Free Distort start from the turned box's corners (`object.distort` takes `angle` with `from`) (`bboxrotate::free_transform_handles_turn_with_the_object_and_scale_along_its_axes`, `free_transform_shears_along_the_turned_side`, `free_transform_distort_starts_from_the_turned_box`, `xform::distort_reads_from_in_a_turned_frame_and_rejects_a_bad_angle`, tools `xform::free::tests::the_box_and_its_handles_turn_with_the_selection`).
+  - After a rotation the Scale and Reflect tools, the Scale and Reflect dialogs, `object.scale`, `object.reflect` with a named axis and the Transform and Properties panels' flips act along the selection's turned bounding box until Reset Bounding Box: the horizontal and vertical scale stretch along its own width and height, and the vertical and horizontal reflection axes are its own. The Reflect tool's default axis and its Shift steps start from the box's axes, and an axis drawn with the tool is the line drawn on the page. `basis: "page"` keeps the page's axes (VectorCraft's own rules; `bboxrotate::scale_and_reflect_follow_the_turned_box`, tools `xform::transform::tests::scale_and_reflect_drags_follow_a_turned_bounding_box`).
   - Perspective Distort and Free Distort (`object.distort`) turn each warped object's bounding box as the warp turns the object at its own center, the objects inside groups, compound paths and clip groups and the art of linked opacity masks included, so the next Selection or Free Transform drag uses the tilted box; Object › Transform › Reset Bounding Box squares it again, and corners left where they are add no undo step (VectorCraft's own rule; `bboxrotate::distort_turns_an_upright_box_with_the_warp_at_its_center`, `distort_turns_each_member_and_linked_mask_by_its_own_warp`, `mirrored_and_collapsing_distorts_keep_valid_angles`, `distort_angles_undo_redo_and_reopen_together`, `xform::unchanged_distort_records_no_history`).
   - The Free Transform widget's Constrain works in Free Distort as well as in Free Transform ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/tool-techniques/free-transform-tool.html)). With Constrain on, or Shift held, a corner dragged in Free Distort moves only along the line through the opposite corner, in the box's own proportions, and the other three corners stay in place; on a turned box the line runs through the box's own corners. The line is VectorCraft's own rule. Cmd/Ctrl+Alt+Shift on a corner still drags in Perspective Distort, where Constrain stays unavailable (tools `xform::free::tests::free_distort_corner_keeps_to_its_diagonal_with_shift_or_constrain`, `shift_pressed_during_a_free_distort_drag_constrains_it`, `a_turned_box_is_constrained_along_its_own_diagonal`, `along_diagonal_of_a_degenerate_box`; engine `xform::free_transform_constrained_distort_keeps_the_corner_on_its_diagonal`; ui-egui `free_transform::tests::the_widget_sets_the_mode_and_a_corner_drag_then_distorts`).
   - Native macOS menu bar, vector tool cursors, a ⌘K command palette, middle-button panning with any tool. Native menus explicitly end tracking on command selection, outside window presses and Escape; menu updates wait until tracking ends, and a dismissing press never starts a canvas gesture (M14.8).
@@ -990,12 +995,13 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
   - **Delete Symbol asks first** ([Symbols panel](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/symbols-panel-options.html), [symbol libraries](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/create-or-import-symbol-libraries.html), [Alt-click Delete](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/default-keyboard-shortcuts.html)): the Symbols panel's Delete Symbol button and menu item ask "Delete the selected symbol?" with Yes and No for a symbol no instance uses. For a symbol with placed instances they ask with Expand Instances (the instances become ordinary art), Delete Instances and Cancel; either Instances button deletes the symbol in one undo step. Alt-click on the button deletes an unused symbol without asking and still asks about one with instances. A question left open while another document became active deletes nothing. `symbol.delete` itself does not ask. Tests: `panels::symbols::tests::delete_symbol_asks_first_and_alt_click_deletes_an_unused_symbol_at_once`, `the_in_use_question_expands_or_deletes_the_instances`, `a_stale_delete_symbol_question_deletes_nothing`, `the_delete_symbol_questions_show_their_buttons`.
   - **Symbols panel context menu** ([Symbols panel](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/symbols-panel-options.html)): right-clicking a symbol in thumbnail view or list view displays a context menu with Place Symbol Instance (passes view center or artboard center), Edit Symbol, Duplicate Symbol, Delete Symbol, Break Link to Symbol (enabled when canvas selection includes instances of this symbol), and Select All Instances. Right-clicking an unselected symbol selects it first (`symbol.setCurrent`). Tests: `panels::symbols::tests::right_click_context_menu_in_symbols_panel_runs_actions`.
   - **Symbols › Select All Unused** ([Symbols panel](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/symbols-panel-options.html), #4918): the Symbols panel menu's Select All Unused shows the symbols nothing places selected (`symbol.unused`): instances in the art (opacity masks included), graph designs, pattern tiles and brush art count, and so do instances in a used symbol's art. Delete Symbol, the button or the menu item, then asks "Delete the selected symbols?" once and deletes those still unused in one undo step (`symbol.delete {names}`); Alt-click on the button deletes them without asking, and a click on a symbol picks just it again. Tests: `tests::brushsym::symbol_unused_lists_the_symbols_nothing_places_and_delete_takes_several`, `panels::symbols::tests::select_all_unused_picks_the_unused_symbols_and_delete_deletes_them`, `dialogs::symbol_delete::tests::several_symbols_get_the_plural_question`.
-  - **Symbols › Sort by Name and the list views** ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/symbols-panel-options.html)): the Symbols panel menu's Sort by Name puts the symbols in alphabetical order (`symbol.sortByName`), and its Thumbnail View, Small List View and Large List View show them as thumbnails, in a compact list or in a list with larger thumbnails. VectorCraft's own rules: the sort ignores case and keeps names that differ only in case in their order; it changes the document's order, which `symbol.list` reports, as one undo step, keeps the current symbol and adds no undo step when the symbols are already in order; Thumbnail View is the default, Small List View has 18-point rows with 14-point thumbnails and Large List View 26-point rows with 22-point thumbnails, and a click or double-click on a symbol does the same in every view. Tests: `tests::brushsym::symbol_sort_by_name_orders_the_symbols_in_one_undo_step`, `panels::symbols::tests::sort_by_name_and_the_small_and_large_list_views`.
+  - **Symbols › Sort by Name and the list views** ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/symbols-panel-options.html)): the Symbols panel menu's Sort by Name puts the symbols in alphabetical order (`symbol.sortByName`), and its Thumbnail View, Small List View and Large List View show them as thumbnails, in a compact list or in a list with larger thumbnails. VectorCraft's own rules: the sort ignores case and keeps names that differ only in case in their order; it changes the document's order, which `symbol.list` reports, as one undo step, keeps the current symbol and adds no undo step when the symbols are already in order; Thumbnail View is the default, Small List View has 18-point rows with 14-point thumbnails and Large List View 26-point rows with 22-point thumbnails, and a click or double-click on a symbol does the same in every view. `ui.panelView` sets the view of the Symbols panel, and of the Swatches and Graphic Styles panels, as their panel menus do. Tests: `tests::brushsym::symbol_sort_by_name_orders_the_symbols_in_one_undo_step`, `panels::symbols::tests::sort_by_name_and_the_small_and_large_list_views`, `panels::symbols::tests::panel_view_sets_the_view_of_each_panel`.
   - **Expand of symbol instances:** Object › Expand turns selected symbol instances (without effects, not in perspective, in groups or placed documents too) into their art as Break Link to Symbol places it, one level deep, as one undo step; the Expand dialog's Fill and Stroke reach that art (`object.expand`, `crates/engine/src/tests/expand_symbols.rs`; estimated, score unchanged).
   - **Reset Transformation** ([Transform symbols](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/transform-symbols.html), [Symbols panel options](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/symbols-panel-options.html)): the Symbols panel menu's Reset Transformation and the Control bar's Reset, shown while symbol instances are selected, give the selected instances their symbol's own scale again, without rotation or shear, as one undo step (`symbol.instance.resetTransform`); an instance in perspective is left as it is. VectorCraft's own rules: each instance keeps the center of its bounding box in place, reflection is removed too, and the menu item and the button are enabled only while a selected instance would change. Tests: `tests::brushsym::reset_transformation_restores_the_symbols_scale_and_keeps_the_center`, `reset_transformation_keeps_the_center_of_art_away_from_the_origin`, `reset_transformation_ignores_a_stored_size_that_is_not_positive`, `reset_transformation_leaves_unchanged_instances_and_refuses_bad_ids`, `panels::symbols::tests::reset_transformation_is_enabled_for_a_transformed_instance_and_resets_it`.
   - **Expand of dimensions:** Object › Expand, Expand Appearance, Create Outlines and Outline Stroke turn a dimension whose art they change into a plain group of that art, which stays as it is through later moves, scales and edits of what it measured; undo gives the live dimension back (`crates/engine/tests/it/dimensions.rs`; VectorCraft's own rule; estimated, score unchanged).
-  - **Brush libraries** ([public source](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/create-new-brush-libraries.html), [import](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/import-brushes-from-brush-libraries-or-other-files.html), [Brushes panel](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/brushes-panel-overview.html)): Window › Brush Libraries, the Brushes panel's Brush Libraries Menu and its menu's Open Brush Library open each library in a library panel of its own, as swatch, graphic style and symbol libraries do. The built-in libraries (Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle Brushes, Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams, Dry Media) are original brushes generated in code (`crates/engine/src/cmd/brushlib.rs`); Striped Ribbon's art is filled with the library's own pattern and Sparkles scatters the library's own symbol; Ink and Wash adds ink and wash brushes (the [help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/about-brushes.html) lists an Ink brush library of strokes with varied thickness and texture; the names, shapes and opacities are VectorCraft's own): Tapered Ink, an art brush broad near its start that thins to a fine tip; Brush Pen, a calligraphic brush whose size follows the pen pressure; and Soft Wash and Pooling Wash, art brushes of translucent gray layers that take the stroke color as tints; Game Trails adds motion art brushes (Speed Line, Dash Trail, Burst Ray, Zigzag); Energy Beams adds laser and plasma art brushes (Laser Bolt, Plasma Arc, Charge Wave, Spark Trail); Dry Media adds grainy art brushes (Chalk Grain, Graphite Pencil, Wax Crayon, Charcoal Dust). A click on a brush adds it to the document's Brushes as one undo step with every resource its art uses (patterns, symbols, swatches, graphic styles, images), makes it the current brush and, with paths selected, applies it to them in the same step; a brush the document already has is not added again and a different brush of the same name comes in numbered ("Wave 2"). Shift/Cmd-clicks select brushes for Add to Brushes; a brush dragged onto a path is added and applied to it, and one dragged onto the Brushes panel is added. Save Brushes… / the Brushes panel's Save Brush Library… write the document's brushes (or the selected ones) as a `.vectorcraft` library into the `Brushes` folder next to the preferences, listed under User Defined, or to a file; Other Library… reads the brushes of any document VectorCraft opens. Thumbnails, in the library panels, the Brushes panel and Brush Options, render brush art with the patterns and symbols it uses. Copying brushed art now carries the patterns and symbols its brush's art uses too. Tests: `crates/engine/src/tests/brushlib.rs`, `crates/ui-egui/src/panels/tests_brush_libraries.rs`, `panels::brushes::tests::library_brush_previews_show_the_patterns_their_art_uses`, `canvas::tests::a_library_brush_dropped_on_a_path_is_added_and_applied_in_one_step`.
+  - **Brush libraries** ([public source](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/create-new-brush-libraries.html), [import](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/import-brushes-from-brush-libraries-or-other-files.html), [Brushes panel](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/brushes-panel-overview.html)): Window › Brush Libraries, the Brushes panel's Brush Libraries Menu and its menu's Open Brush Library open each library in a library panel of its own, as swatch, graphic style and symbol libraries do. The built-in libraries (Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle Brushes, Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams, Dry Media, Tech Circuit) are original brushes generated in code (`crates/engine/src/cmd/brushlib.rs`); Striped Ribbon's art is filled with the library's own pattern and Sparkles scatters the library's own symbol; Ink and Wash adds ink and wash brushes (the [help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/about-brushes.html) lists an Ink brush library of strokes with varied thickness and texture; the names, shapes and opacities are VectorCraft's own): Tapered Ink, an art brush broad near its start that thins to a fine tip; Brush Pen, a calligraphic brush whose size follows the pen pressure; and Soft Wash and Pooling Wash, art brushes of translucent gray layers that take the stroke color as tints; Game Trails adds motion art brushes (Speed Line, Dash Trail, Burst Ray, Zigzag); Energy Beams adds laser and plasma art brushes (Laser Bolt, Plasma Arc, Charge Wave, Spark Trail); Dry Media adds grainy art brushes (Chalk Grain, Graphite Pencil, Wax Crayon, Charcoal Dust). A click on a brush adds it to the document's Brushes as one undo step with every resource its art uses (patterns, symbols, swatches, graphic styles, images), makes it the current brush and, with paths selected, applies it to them in the same step; a brush the document already has is not added again and a different brush of the same name comes in numbered ("Wave 2"). Shift/Cmd-clicks select brushes for Add to Brushes; a brush dragged onto a path is added and applied to it, and one dragged onto the Brushes panel is added. Save Brushes… / the Brushes panel's Save Brush Library… write the document's brushes (or the selected ones) as a `.vectorcraft` library into the `Brushes` folder next to the preferences, listed under User Defined, or to a file; Other Library… reads the brushes of any document VectorCraft opens. Thumbnails, in the library panels, the Brushes panel and Brush Options, render brush art with the patterns and symbols it uses. Copying brushed art now carries the patterns and symbols its brush's art uses too. Tests: `crates/engine/src/tests/brushlib.rs`, `crates/ui-egui/src/panels/tests_brush_libraries.rs`, `panels::brushes::tests::library_brush_previews_show_the_patterns_their_art_uses`, `canvas::tests::a_library_brush_dropped_on_a_path_is_added_and_applied_in_one_step`.
   - **Bristle Brushes library** ([What's new](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/new-features/whats-new.html), [About brushes](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/about-brushes.html)): Window › Brush Libraries › Bristle Brushes holds ten bristle brushes, one for each tip shape (Fine Liner, Pointed Flat, Stubby Round, Dry Scrub, Soft Dome, Filbert, Angled Round, Angled Flat, Fan Blender, Grass Fan). The brushes, their names and their values are VectorCraft's own, and every value lies inside the range the bristle brush keeps (`brush.libraries`, `brush.addFromLibrary`; `the_bristle_brushes_library_covers_every_tip_shape_within_the_bristle_ranges`).
+  - **Tech Circuit library:** Circuit Trace is a chamfered art brush with 45-degree elbows and terminal pads; Bus Lines repeats three parallel conductor lanes; Terminal Nodes repeats solder pads, circular test points and connecting leads. Original vector geometry generated in code, with Tints colorization and continuous pattern tile edges. Evidence: `the_tech_circuit_library_constructs_adds_and_applies_each_brush` in `crates/engine/src/tests/brushlib.rs` covers listing, finite geometry on straight, curved, short and closed paths, add/apply, undo/redo, deduplication and saved-library round trips. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); area scores unchanged.
   - **Dry Media library** ([help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/about-brushes.html)): Window › Brush Libraries › Dry Media holds four art brushes with textured strokes like dry drawing materials, each 100 pt long: Chalk Grain (about 8 pt high), Graphite Pencil (about 2.3 pt), Wax Crayon (about 5.5 pt) and Charcoal Dust (about 7 pt). The brushes, their names, sizes and art are VectorCraft's own: each is filled vector paths from a fixed seed, at most 80 paths and 500 anchors, stretched along the path with Tints colorization, and the chalk and crayon art has even-odd gaps where the paper shows (`brush.libraries`, `brush.addFromLibrary`; `the_dry_media_library_holds_grainy_art_brushes_with_bounded_art`).
   - **Brush names in library panels**: a built-in brush library's panel shows its brushes' names in the UI language, in its list rows and tooltips, and its Find field matches the name shown or the English name. This is VectorCraft's own rule. A User Defined or Other Library… library's brushes, and the document's Brushes panel, show names as they are stored. A click, a drag, Add to Brushes and `brush.addFromLibrary` still use the English name, so the brush comes into the document under that name (`built_in_library_brushes_are_listed_in_the_ui_language`, `built_in_library_brush_names_are_in_complete_catalogs`).
   - A canvas context menu: right-click selects the object under the pointer and lists what applies to the selection (Undo/Redo, clipboard, group, isolation, join, Remove Anchor Points when anchors are selected, masks, compound paths, guides, Transform, Arrange, Select, Export Selection, and on type Bullets and Numbering and Spelling › Auto Spell Check, checked while it is on), or the view commands on empty canvas.
@@ -1141,6 +1147,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
     With Smart Guides on, a straight Knife cut snaps to anchor points and paths: [Cut objects using the Knife and Scissors tools](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/edit-objects/cut-objects.html) describes the Knife snapping to anchor points and paths while Smart Guides are on. Its ends snap as the ends of the Pencil's straight line do, to anchor points and path segments of art that is shown: the press, and the release of an Alt-drag. Shift+Alt steps 45° from the snapped press, and its release stays on that step. With Smart Guides off, or with Snap to Pixel or Snap to Grid on, the cut is not snapped. The dashed line and `path.knife` use the snapped points.
     Eraser Tool Options has Angle and Roundness besides Size, as [Erase paths using the Eraser tool](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/draw-shapes-and-paths/modify-paths/erase-paths-using-eraser-tool.html) describes: the Eraser's tip is an ellipse Size across, its long axis at Angle and its short axis Roundness percent of the long one, and a drag with a tip that is not round shows the outline of the area it erases (`path.eraseRegion` `angle` and `roundness`).
     The outline a Blob Brush or Eraser drag shows is built a bounded amount per frame, so a long stroke does not slow the canvas: each frame takes at most 256 new points of the drag and outlines again only the pieces of up to 32 segments they change, and the parts of a piece's outline inside the rest of the area are removed a limited amount at a time. While work is left, the canvas draws again with the pointer still, the points not outlined yet show as a thin line, and the tip shows at the pointer. With Size set to Pressure the outline also shows only the edge of the whole area. The release sends the whole stroke as before (`path.blob`, `path.eraseRegion`).
+    The settled part of that outline is kept in paths of up to 64 pieces each. A path is shared from one frame to the next until a piece in it changes, and the canvas keeps the triangles it drew the path with while the view stays the same, so a frame does not copy, flatten or tessellate a settled path again; a pan, zoom or rotation draws each one once more. This is VectorCraft's own rule. The outline of a drag with a round Eraser tip is drawn whole each frame.
   - **Transform:** Rotate, Reflect, Scale, Shear (click or Alt-click snaps the reference point to anchors and centres; Alt-click opens the tool's dialog, and a drag with Alt down at the release, from the press or pressed mid-drag, transforms a copy), Reshape, Free Transform (free and perspective distort and shear, switched by the keys held during a handle drag).
     A Reshape drag stretches part of a path from the dragged point without losing the path's general form, as [Adjust path segments](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/draw-shapes-and-paths/modify-paths/adjust-path-segments.html) has it. On an open path the stretch reaches both ends: the end anchors stay in place, each anchor between moves less the nearer it lies to an end, and the handles of a smooth anchor stay in line (`path.reshape`; the reach and the shares are VectorCraft's own rule, in `docs/mcp.md`). A click sets a focal point and a click on a segment adds a highlighted anchor there; Shift-click adds more, and a drag from any of them moves them all. The anchors that are not direct-selected stay in place and a closed path selected whole moves whole (VectorCraft's own rule, in `docs/mcp.md`).
     Align, Distribute, Distribute Spacing, Reflect and Shear return an error for any `horizontal`, `vertical`, `to`, `axis`, `bounds` or `spacing` value they don't take, listing the choices, and Align returns one when a call gives neither `horizontal` nor `vertical`; nothing moves and no undo step is recorded. Align and Distribute act on the anchor points selected with Direct Selection: the points of one path align to each other, not to the artboard, and Distribute spaces them (#1641, fixes #1636; aligning to a key anchor is still missing).
@@ -1175,6 +1182,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
     What Global Edit gives a mark from another match (in an isolated graph) is kept on the graph the same way, and so is the object opacity, with its blend mode, that Randomize Opacity and Sort Objects change on marks.
   - **Graph column designs:** Object › Graph › Column (`graph.column`) draws the columns, bars or stacked segments and the legend swatch of the series picked with Group Selection with a graph design: Vertically Scaled stretches it to each column's length, Uniformly Scaled scales it both ways and centers it, Repeating stacks a copy for each Each Design Represents value and chops or scales the last one (For Fractions), and Sliding keeps the part above the design's guide line in proportion and stretches the part below. The dialog lists the designs with a preview; the choice is saved with the graph and follows the design's rename and delete.
     Type in a column design that holds a `%` followed by two digits shows each column's value in place of the `%` and the digits: the first digit is the least number of places before the decimal point (zeros are added in front; 0 gives as many as the value needs), and the second digit sets the places after it, rounded. Unless it is inside a group that clips or has its own opacity or appearance, or inside a blend, compound shape, envelope, repeat or intertwined objects, the type keeps its size and is drawn once per column in a repeating design. The legend swatch leaves it out.
+    The transparency, paint, stroke, gradient and overprint commands and Expand Appearance also leave the art of a column or marker design inside a series unchanged. The graph draws that art again from the design (`docs/mcp.md`).
   - **Other:** Eyedropper, Gradient annotator, Artboard (Alt-drag duplicates an artboard, and its art with Move/Copy Artwork with Artboard on; Copy, Cut and Paste take the artboard with its art, Paste right of the last artboard, Paste in Place where it was, into this or another document, #446; Object › Artboards › Rearrange All Artboards lays them out in a grid by row or by column, in one row or one column, left to right or right to left, from the menu, the Artboards panel or Properties' Rearrange All, #681; Scale Artwork with Artboard, in the Control bar and Properties beside Move Artwork with Artboard, resizes the artboard proportionally with the art fully inside it and its guides, strokes and corners per the Scale preferences, #602), Measure, Type, Hand, Zoom, Rotate View.
     While a drag rotates the view, a dial at the center of the canvas shows the angle.
   - **Editing type:** double-clicking type with a selection tool (Selection or Direct Selection) switches to the Type tool with the caret where it was clicked; pressing Escape finishes editing and switches back to the selection tool used before double-clicking it (when in isolation mode, the first Escape exits text editing while preserving isolation mode, and a second Escape exits isolation).
@@ -1292,6 +1300,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
   A two-finger rotation on a Mac trackpad turns the view about the pointer once it reaches 5° (Preferences › General › Trackpad Gesture to Rotate View, on by default).
   On a touch screen a second finger cancels the tool press the first finger began, in the frame it lands or later: the Pencil's stroke or a Selection move is rolled back with no undo entry, and a finger that lands while another is down presses nothing, so a pinch or two-finger pan only zooms and pans (#4198; canvas test `a_second_finger_cancels_the_tool_gesture_the_first_began`).
   In the Touch workspace a two-finger tap switches between the Selection tool and the drawing tool chosen last (the Pencil tool when none has been chosen yet) and undoes nothing; outside Touch it still undoes, and a three-finger tap still redoes ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/get-started/learn-the-basics/touch-workspace-in-illustrator.html); `tool.toggleTouchMode`; canvas test `two_finger_tap_in_touch_switches_selection_and_drawing_modes`).
+  When the tool cannot be chosen, `tool.toggleTouchMode` returns the error instead of `{tool}`, keeps the drawing tool it returns to, and adds no undo step; `tool.select`, `ui.cropImage` and the Path Precision Tools' Corner Tool and Shared Edge Merge Tool commands also return the error, and the toolbar group keeps its tool (canvas tests `a_failed_mode_switch_returns_its_error` and `tool_commands_return_a_failed_choice`).
   While a modal dialog is open, from the frame it opens, the canvas takes no new presses, double-clicks, finger taps, long touches, pinches or wheel turns, and a click in Presentation Mode does not step to the next artboard: a two-finger tap undoes nothing, a three-finger tap redoes nothing, a two-finger tap in the Touch workspace switches no mode, and fingers already down when the dialog opens make no tap when they lift, during the dialog or after it closes. This is VectorCraft's own rule (canvas tests `modal_blocks_two_and_three_finger_canvas_taps`, `opening_a_modal_discards_a_pending_canvas_tap`, `modal_blocks_presentation_tap_and_touch_navigation`, `modal_long_touch_does_not_cancel_canvas_press` and `modal_blocks_new_canvas_presses`).
   A tool press dropped by a second finger, a long touch or a canceled touch cancels the tool's drag as Escape does: the tool gets back the options it had when the press began (the Polygon tool's sides, set with ↑ and ↓) and they are not stored, a press held still opens no size dialog, a Selection or Artboard tool marquee selects nothing, and the Pen goes on drawing its path without the dropped anchor (canvas tests `a_canceled_touch_drops_the_drag_without_keeping_its_options` and `long_touch_drops_a_tool_press_without_committing_art`; engine tests in `tests::toolsettings`).
   The status bar navigator's field shows the active artboard's number and name, and its drop-down lists every artboard by number and name, as the Artboards panel does. Choosing an artboard in the list makes it the active artboard and fits it in the window (`view.goToArtboard`). The list opens on the active artboard's row and lays out only the rows in view and at most one more.
@@ -1385,6 +1394,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
   The Glyphs panel's Alternates for Current Selection (#5514) applies the OpenType feature that draws the glyph to the selected character alone, as [Replace characters with alternate glyphs](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/design-with-text/special-characters-glyphs/replace-characters-with-alternate-glyphs.html) describes (Alternates For Current Selection in the Show menu; double-click the glyph to replace the selected character). One deliberate difference from a literal reading: the text keeps the Unicode character and gains a character-style feature with a value (`salt=2`, `ss03`; `text.setRangeStyle {featureChanges}`) instead of taking an unencoded glyph in its place. The grid lists the alternates of the glyph the shaper makes for the character in its word (a medial letter shows its medial variants; the default glyph comes first and the current glyph is highlighted); a variant no supported feature draws there stays enabled as a replacement glyph (`text.setGlyphAlternate`, including positional alternates), and its tooltip says it may not join its neighbors; the default glyph takes the character's alternate features off again. Runs that differ only in their OpenType features are shaped as one piece of text, each run's features over its own characters, so the letters of an Arabic word keep their joining forms. Show › Entire Font also lists the glyphs no character maps, with the font's name for them (or `gid N`) and the feature that gives them. It applies the selected letter's contextual alternates the same way, and applies a glyph no feature reaches whose name does not belong to another letter as a glyph choice; other glyphs are dimmed with the reason. An Arabic presentation form picked there inserts its base letter. These rules are VectorCraft's own. Tests: `tests::glyph_alternates` in the text crate (a fixture font; Kufi Murabba PIIIX when it is installed), `panels::glyphs::tests` (including positional glyph choices, unlisted glyph name ownership, apply and Undo), `tests::textedit::feature_values_are_set_replaced_and_saved`.
   With a Type tool and exactly one character selected, the canvas shows that character's alternate glyphs in a row beside it, and a click on one replaces the character's glyph, as [Replace characters with alternate glyphs](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/design-with-text/special-characters-glyphs/replace-characters-with-alternate-glyphs.html) describes ("Replace a character with on-canvas alternate glyphs"). The row shows at most five alternates, and an arrow at its end opens the Glyphs panel on Alternates for Current Selection when the character has more, as the [reference manual](https://web.archive.org/web/20210601162814/https://helpx.adobe.com/pdf/illustrator_reference.pdf#page=479) describes. A click runs the command the panel's double-click runs, as one undo step, so a letter of an Arabic word keeps the word joined. These rules are VectorCraft's own: the row leaves out the glyph the character is drawn with and puts the default glyph first for a character drawn with an alternate; it stands under a character of horizontal type and on the right of a character of vertical type, or on the other side when the canvas ends there or the Contextual Task Bar is there; Preferences › Type › Show Character Alternates (`showCharacterAlternates`, on by default) turns it off. Tests: `canvas::alternates_bar::tests`, `tests::prefs::show_character_alternates_preference_is_on_by_default_and_saved`.
   The OpenType panel's Stylistic Sets menu offers `ss01`–`ss20` sets present in the selected text's font, using the font's custom labels when available and numbered labels otherwise. Sets can be combined and deselected individually. With mixed fonts, the menu shows the first selected character's font's sets and applies the feature tag to all selected text; a font without that set draws unchanged. The mixed-font rule is a VectorCraft design choice. Behavior reference: [Add stylistic sets to selected text](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/design-with-text/special-characters-glyphs/add-stylistic-sets-to-selected-text.html) and the [OpenType specification](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/features_pt).
+  With Show East Asian Options on, the OpenType panel menu has H or V Style and Roman Italics, as [Format East Asian characters](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/formatting-asian-characters.html) describes. H or V Style sets the feature tag `hkna`, which draws kana with the forms the font makes for horizontal type, and with `vkna` for vertical type in vertical type; Roman Italics sets `ital`, the font's italic forms of half-width alphanumerics ([OpenType feature list](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/featurelist)). Each is checked when every selected character has it and turns it on or off for all of them in one undo step; character styles carry both in OpenType Features. Tests: `panels::opentype::tests::kana_style_and_roman_italics_turn_on_and_off`, `features::tests::kana_style_and_roman_italics_are_kept_and_shaped`.
   `text.setStyle {stroke, strokeWidth}` sets the character stroke's color and weight of the selected type or of a range of its characters (the weight in document points, as `stroke.set` sets it), in the same undo step as the command's other changes. Tests: `tests::textedit::set_style_sets_the_character_stroke`.
 - **Paragraph alignment:** the shared Paragraph/Properties alignment row leaves every button unselected when the paragraphs it acts on differ. Auto resolves per paragraph; choosing an alignment uses the existing command. Headless paragraph_mixed_alignment_* regressions exercise mixed → Center → Undo, caret/uniform states, Unicode range boundaries, Auto/direction, split runs and grouped text. These regressions and full integration CI pass. Original captures confirm mixed → Center → Undo in the existing alignment-button layout. The [public Paragraph panel guide](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/design-with-text/edit-format-text/paragraph-panel-overview.html) lists the seven controls, but does not specify mixed-state rendering. Other paragraph fields remain outside this change; scores and hours unchanged.
   For Auto Size area type in columns, the bisection for the frame's height runs on the lines of the one-column layout, and its result is checked with at most two layouts of the columns. When the text wraps around objects or does not fit the one-column layout, or when the check fails, the columns are laid out at every step of the bisection, as before. Typing at the start of a story of 50,000 characters in 2 columns took 1,670 ms a keystroke and now takes 292 ms (release build, `auto_height_in_columns_typing_timing`).
@@ -1531,6 +1541,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
   Double-clicking the Live Paint Bucket opens Live Paint Bucket Options ([Paint with the Live Paint Bucket tool](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/learn-painting-basics/paint-with-the-live-paint-bucket-tool.html)): Paint Fills (on) and Paint Strokes (off) set whether a click paints faces, edges or both, Highlight turns the outline of the face or edge under the pointer on or off, and Color and Width set it (red and 4 px by default). Faces are outlined at the Width and edges at half of it, as the page says faces are highlighted with a thick line and edges with a thin line. With both on, a click paints the edge within 4 px of the pointer, else the face, and Shift switches to Paint Fills only; with one on, Shift switches to the other. The options last across tool switches and are saved with the preferences (`tool.setOption {tool: "livePaintBucket"}`). Evidence: `builder::tests::{bucket_options_choose_what_a_click_paints, bucket_options_set_the_highlight, bucket_highlights_an_edge_thinner_than_a_face}`, `dialogs::live_paint_bucket::tests::double_clicking_the_tool_opens_its_options_and_ok_sets_them`.
   Live Paint Bucket double-click and triple-click, as [the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/learn-painting-basics/paint-with-the-live-paint-bucket-tool.html) describes them: a double-click on a face fills it and the faces reached across edges that draw no stroke, and on an edge it paints the edges joined to it with the same stroke; a triple-click fills every face of the group with the face's fill, or paints every edge with the edge's stroke (`livePaint.fill` and `livePaint.strokeEdge` `{scope: "connected" | "samePaint", match?}`; `pointer_gesture` and `ui.pointer` take `tripleclick`). Each click paints as it arrives, as its own undo step, and the paint compared is the one the face or edge had before the first of its clicks that painted it; a first click that made the Live Paint group counts when the face it filled is the clicked face. With Space held for the view tools, a click, double-click or triple-click paints nothing and no face or edge is outlined, and with Cmd/Ctrl held a double-click or triple-click paints nothing. Which faces and edges join and which paints match are VectorCraft's own rules. Evidence: `tests_build::{live_paint_bucket_double_click_floods_across_unstroked_edges, live_paint_bucket_double_click_floods_curved_and_narrow_faces, live_paint_bucket_double_click_floods_across_hidden_edges_and_past_gaps, live_paint_bucket_triple_click_fills_every_face_of_the_same_fill, live_paint_bucket_triple_click_after_making_the_group_matches_the_made_fill, live_paint_bucket_double_and_triple_click_paint_joined_and_same_stroke_edges, live_paint_scope_and_match_are_checked}`, `builder::tests::{bucket_double_and_triple_click_widen_what_a_click_paints, bucket_triple_click_after_making_the_group_on_another_face_matches_its_own_face, bucket_triple_click_with_a_click_on_another_face_between_matches_the_first_fill, bucket_highlights_nothing_with_space_held}`, `tests::build::{live_paint_scoped_fill_and_stroke_skip_parts_with_the_paint, live_paint_bucket_cmd_double_and_triple_click_paint_nothing}`, `tests::livepaint::{a_triple_click_fills_every_face_of_the_same_fill, clicks_with_space_held_paint_nothing}` (MCP).
   Live Paint Bucket Options has Cursor Swatch Preview, as the [help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/learn-painting-basics/paint-with-the-live-paint-bucket-tool.html) lists: with the Bucket selected, the active fill or stroke shows above the pointer between the color swatches before and after it in the Swatches panel, and the Left and Right arrow keys pick the swatch before or after it, as the page describes. The selected art keeps its paint. As VectorCraft's own rules, the option is on at first, the arrows step the stroke when the Stroke proxy is in front, they wrap around at the ends and still step with the preview off, a color that is no swatch shows alone until Right picks the first swatch or Left the last, and the arrows do nothing during a fill drag or with no color swatch. Evidence: `tests::build::{live_paint_bucket_arrow_keys_step_the_active_paint_through_the_swatches, live_paint_bucket_arrow_keys_handle_unmatched_paint_few_swatches_and_drags, live_paint_bucket_arrow_keys_pass_swatches_of_the_same_color_for_fill_and_stroke, swatch_arrow_keys_leave_modified_arrows_to_the_shortcuts}`.
+  Object › Live Paint › Make turns the selected paths into a Live Paint group of faces and edges ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/learn-painting-basics/create-live-paint-groups.html)). As VectorCraft's own rule, each face takes every fill row that draws (shown, with paint and an opacity above 0) of its front-most covering source that has one and an opacity above 0, and each edge every stroke row that draws (also with a weight above 0) of its source, in order with their opacity, blending mode, effects and stroke settings, with gradients kept at their fit on the source and with the source's opacity and blending mode. Where a path is cut into several edges, each edge's dashes go on from where it starts along the path with the lengths set (dashes aligned to corners and path ends are not fitted to the cut edges), the arrowheads stay at the path's own ends, and a width profile or brush stays only on an edge that runs the whole path; each edge runs the way its path does, a gradient applied along a stroke starts again on each cut edge, and an inside or outside stroke is drawn centered on an open piece of a closed path. A painted lower row under an unpainted or hidden top row is kept, a hidden top row does not become visible, and a source in front whose fill does not draw does not hide the fill behind it. Rows that do not draw stay with the stored sources, which Release returns unchanged; the source's object effects are not carried. Evidence: `tests::build::{live_paint_make_keeps_lower_drawn_stroke_rows, live_paint_make_fits_dashes_and_arrowheads_to_each_edge, live_paint_make_starts_a_closed_edge_where_its_path_starts, live_paint_make_keeps_the_direction_of_gradient_strokes, live_paint_make_keeps_all_drawn_fill_rows_and_attributes, live_paint_make_uses_frontmost_source_with_drawn_fill}`.
   Live Paint Make preserves the front-most covering source's fill when compound paths share a curved boundary, and Expand keeps the face fills. Regression evidence: `planar::tests::coincident_curves_keep_their_source_faces` checks source order, winding, fill rules and nearby boundaries; `tests::build::live_paint_make_and_expand_keep_abutting_compound_colors` checks native compound paths, Make, Expand and Undo/Redo. This preserves VectorCraft's source-fill rule without changing arrangement precision.
   Object › Live Paint › Expand keeps the faces and edges that draw on the canvas, with all their fill and stroke rows, so the expanded paths look as the painted group did ([Create Live Paint groups](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/learn-painting-basics/create-live-paint-groups.html)). As VectorCraft's own rule, a face or edge draws when it is shown, its opacity is above 0, and any of its fill or stroke rows is shown, has paint and an opacity above 0 (a stroke also needs a weight above 0), whichever row is on top: a painted lower row under an unpainted top row is kept, and a part whose only painted row is hidden is removed. Merge copies the fill and stroke rows, visibility, opacity and blending mode of each face that draws by this rule, and of each edge, to the rebuilt parts, with their gradients kept at their fit on the old outline and without the strokes' pen pressure, tilt, bearing and rotation. Evidence: `tests::build::{live_paint_expand_keeps_the_faces_and_edges_that_draw, live_paint_merge_carries_the_faces_that_draw, live_paint_merge_leaves_pen_pressure_behind, live_paint_merge_keeps_the_fit_of_carried_gradients, live_paint_merge_keeps_the_visibility_opacity_and_blending_of_carried_parts}`.
   `livePaint.info` lists every fill and stroke row of each face and edge, bottom first, with its paint, opacity, visibility, weight for a stroke, and whether it draws by the rule above, beside the top fill, stroke and weight it already reported. Evidence: `tests::build::live_paint_info_lists_every_appearance_row`.
@@ -1733,7 +1744,8 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
     SVG import's style cascade, used for hidden objects, non-scaling strokes and type, tests each element only against the `<style>` rules for its id, its classes and its element name, and the rules whose selector ends in none of these (`*`, `[x]`).
     SVG import places right-to-left point type and type on a path as [SVG 2's `text-anchor`](https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/text.html#TextAnchoringProperties) says: with `direction: rtl`, `start` puts the right edge of the text at its position (on a path, the text ends at `startOffset`) and `end` puts the left edge there. Each line and each absolutely placed chunk is anchored by the `text-anchor` and `direction` of the element holding its first character, a `<tspan>`'s own included, and each line starts at its own `x`. An absolutely placed chunk is anchored by the left and right edges of its glyphs as they are drawn, so a chunk of several right-to-left characters, whose first character is drawn at its right, sits on its anchor too. A letter-spaced right-to-left line keeps the tracking of all its letters inside the advance it anchors (`rtl_point_text_start_and_end_use_directional_edges`, `rtl_type_on_a_path_starts_at_its_directional_edge`, `rtl_letter_spaced_lines_stay_on_their_anchor`, `rtl_lines_use_each_chunk_first_character_direction_and_anchor`, `each_line_starts_at_its_own_x`, `absolutely_placed_chunks_use_their_own_rtl_anchor` and `absolutely_placed_rtl_chunks_of_several_characters_anchor_by_their_visual_edges` in `crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs`).
     SVG import puts each absolutely placed character of right-to-left text on its own `x`, as [SVG 1.1's text chunks](https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/text.html#TextLayoutIntroduction) require, also when the characters run right to left on a later line: in `<text direction="rtl" font-size="20">`, `<tspan x="100 160" y="80 80">אב</tspan>` after a first line puts the right edges of `א` and `ב` at 100 and 160, where import put the right edge of `א` at 393.48 before. Chunks that overlap keep their own anchors, and characters stretched by `lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"` land on their `x` too. A left-to-right character drawn between two absolutely placed right-to-left characters leaves the one after it where the line puts it, and the import warns about it (`absolutely_placed_right_to_left_characters_sit_on_their_own_x` in `crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs`).
-    SVG import places type on a path of one closed subpath as [SVG 2's `startOffset` attribute](https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/text.html#TextPathElementStartOffsetAttribute) describes: text anchored to start before the path's start point, or offset past its end, wraps around the path, so text with `text-anchor="end"` at `startOffset` 0 ends at the start point, and a negative `startOffset` counts back from the end. Text longer than the loop draws its first characters whatever its anchor. A path of several subpaths, and an open path, still start the text at the path's start or end (`text_on_a_closed_path_wraps_past_the_path_start` in `crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs`).
+    SVG import places type on a path of one closed subpath as [SVG 2's `startOffset` attribute](https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/text.html#TextPathElementStartOffsetAttribute) describes: text anchored to start before the path's start point, or offset past its end, wraps around the path, so text with `text-anchor="end"` at `startOffset` 0 ends at the start point, and a negative `startOffset` counts back from the end. Text longer than the loop draws its first characters whatever its anchor. A path of several closed subpaths still starts the text at the path's start or end (`text_on_a_closed_path_wraps_past_the_path_start` in `crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs`).
+    Type on an open path can start before the path's start (`type.pathOptions` `start` below 0), and the characters whose middle falls before the path's start are not drawn, as [SVG 2's text on a path layout](https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/text.html#TextLayoutPath) describes for the path's start; past the path's end, text that does not fit is overflow, as for other type on a path. The text keeps every character, and the start bracket stays at the path's start. SVG import reads text anchored or offset before an open path's start this way instead of starting it at the path's start, and SVG export writes it with a negative `startOffset`. PDF export writes only the characters drawn on the path, the legacy `.ai` and `.ai` editing data writers write the type from the path's start with a warning, and Release Type on a Path keeps the first drawn character where it was drawn (`type_on_an_open_path_starts_before_the_path` in `crates/doc/src/text/tests.rs`, `on_path_open_start_before_the_path_hides_the_glyphs_before_it` in `crates/text/src/tests.rs`, `text_on_an_open_path_starts_before_the_path` in `crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs`, `text_on_an_open_path_starting_before_it_round_trips` in `crates/svg/tests/it/roundtrip.rs`, `options_start_type_before_an_open_path` in `crates/engine/src/tests/pathtype.rs`).
     SVG import reads the bidi embedding of a `<tspan>`, `<textPath>` or `<a>` inside a `<text>` as [SVG 1.1's bidi section](https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/text.html#RelationshipWithBi-directionality) describes: with `unicode-bidi: embed` its characters take its `direction` as their Character Direction, an element with `normal` stays in its parent's embedding, and the `<text>` keeps its own paragraph direction, so a run that SVG export writes with `direction` and `unicode-bidi="embed"` opens with its Character Direction again. Character Direction holds one level of embedding, so `bidi-override`, `isolate` and `isolate-override` are imported as embeddings in their `direction`, `plaintext` as an embedding in the direction of its first strong character, and an embedding inside another as an embedding of its own, each with an import warning. With `unicode-bidi: plaintext` on the `<text>`, each of its paragraphs runs, and each chunk is anchored, in the direction of its first strong character (`a_tspan_bidi_embedding_becomes_its_character_direction`, `unicode_bidi_is_not_inherited_and_reads_from_the_cascade` and `unicode_bidi_values_the_text_model_cannot_hold_are_reported` in `crates/svg/tests/it/import_text.rs`; `character_direction_reads_back` in `crates/svg/tests/it/text_layout.rs`).
     A `.svgz` file copied in a file manager pastes as its art, as a copied `.svg` file does.
     SVG export (Save As, Export As, Export for Screens, Asset Export and the clipboard share the writer) writes simple shapes as SVG basic shapes, as the reference app does (an ellipse is an `ellipse` tag until an anchor is added, [forum](https://community.adobe.com/t5/illustrator-discussions/trouble-exporting-shape-with-points-to-svg/td-p/10720325); rectangles come out as `<rect>` and `<polygon>`, [forum](https://community.adobe.com/t5/illustrator-discussions/force-svg-export-using-all-lt-rect-gt/td-p/11282378)): an axis-aligned rectangle as `<rect>`, a circle or ellipse drawn with four standard arcs as `<circle>`/`<ellipse>`, a straight line as `<line>`, and other straight-segment paths as `<polygon>`/`<polyline>`, at the written precision (#4652). A rectangle or ellipse with a dashed stroke, whose dashes would start elsewhere, a turned ellipse, curves and compound paths stay `<path>`. `crates/svg/tests/it/basic_shapes.rs` checks each element, that the picture renders as the canvas does and that the geometry reimports.
@@ -1769,7 +1781,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
     A `.ai` opened from its editing data opens its Objects on Path groups live, with their path, their objects in order along it, Pivot and Rotate, and their art where the file draws it; a group whose spacing has been dragged, or with options an Objects on Path group doesn't hold, opens as a plain group (`crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs`).
     `.ai` symbol definitions and placed instances open as live symbols, in the Symbols panel's order; an instance of a symbol that isn't read, or whose appearance differs from its symbol's, comes in as the page draws it (`crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs`).
     In a `.ai` opened from its editing data, an object in a pattern's art or a brush's art with an art style VectorCraft reads opens as itself with its effects live, as an object on a layer does, and an object in a pattern's art keeps the id of a graphic style in the file's list (`crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs`).
-    A graph in a `.ai` whose records have the shape and values the published version 7 specification gives ([the specification](https://13thmonkey.org/documentation/fonts/AI7FileFormat.pdf), printed pp. 109–112 and 146–158) opens as a live grouped column, stacked column, line or area graph with its saved art, table, axes and settings, and Graph Data edits it ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/automate-visualize-data/visualize-data/add-graph-data.html)); other graphs keep their art as plain objects with a note, and saving a graph to `.ai` warns that its data and settings aren't written (`crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs`, `crates/engine/src/cmd/graph/tests.rs`).
+    A graph in a `.ai` whose records have the shape and values the published version 7 specification gives ([the specification](https://13thmonkey.org/documentation/fonts/AI7FileFormat.pdf), printed pp. 109–112 and 146–158) opens as a live grouped column, stacked column, line or area graph with its saved art, table, axes and settings, and Graph Data edits it ([the help page](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/automate-visualize-data/visualize-data/add-graph-data.html)); other graphs keep their art as plain objects with a note. Saving to `.ai` writes these records for a graph that reads back as the same graph, and warns that any other graph's data and settings aren't written (`crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs`, `crates/engine/src/cmd/graph/tests.rs`).
     Blends and envelopes in the definitions of a `.ai`'s symbols, patterns and brushes' art count against the same per-file limits on blend layout and envelope checks as the layers' art, so a file with many definitions does not get those limits again for each one (`crates/eps/src/import/ai/read/directives.rs`).
     A `.ai` or EPS whose editing data has brushes opens with the file's Calligraphic, Scatter, Art and Bristle brushes in the Brushes panel in place of the default ones, in the file's order: the Calligraphic size, roundness and angle with their variation, the Scatter size, spacing, scatter and rotation, the Bristle settings, and the Scatter and Art brushes' art (Art brushes in the older and newer forms of their objects). A brush library `.ai` (brushes and no layers) opens from its PDF part with its brushes, so Other Library lists them. An Art brush in None or Tints keeps that colorization, and one in the newer form also keeps its fixed width, Flip Along and Flip Across, and Scale Proportionately, Stretch to Fit Stroke Length or Stretch Between Guides with its guides ([Art brush options](https://web.archive.org/web/20220911143322/https://helpx.adobe.com/pdf/cs6/illustrator_reference.pdf), printed page 193). Pattern brushes and brushes that can't be read are left out with a note. Paths with a Calligraphic brush, and paths with an Art brush in the newer form that bends art of solid-filled paths with those options, open as the path with the brush on its stroke, except paths whose brush scales its art proportionately. Paths with an Art brush in the older form, and other brushed paths, still come in as their drawn look (part of #372 and #637; `crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs`, `crates/eps/src/import/tests_native.rs`).
     In a `.ai` opened from its editing data, a path or type object with Offset Path, Outline Object or Outline Stroke on the whole object opens as itself with those effects live, in their order and shown or hidden; on a fill or stroke of type they stay on that fill or stroke. Offset Path keeps its Offset, Joins and Miter Limit, and Outline Stroke takes its width from the stroke. An Offset Path with a setting missing, out of range or not read keeps the drawn art, as does a path with a Path effect on one fill or stroke (`crates/eps/src/import/ai/style/tests.rs`, `crates/eps/src/import/ai/tests.rs`, `crates/eps/src/import/tests_native.rs`).
@@ -1819,6 +1831,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
   - Targa files (`.tga`, `.vda`, `.icb`, `.vst`) open, place linked or embedded, relink and update at their pixel size: color-mapped, true-color and black-and-white, raw or run-length encoded, in any of the four row orders. The image descriptor's attribute bits and the extension area's Attributes Type decide the transparency: a file with no attribute bits, or with attribute data the Attributes Type calls undefined, opens opaque; with one bit, a 16-bit true-color pixel takes that bit as its alpha, and a color-mapped pixel takes the bit of the 16-bit color map entry it indexes; premultiplied colors are divided by their alpha. Open and Place recognize a Targa file by its extension, and `clipboard.importImage` and Glass's Load Texture… by its header; a Targa file copied in a file manager pastes as a bitmap (`crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_tiffbmp.rs`, `crates/engine/src/tests/links.rs`).
   - BMP files named `.dib` or `.rle` (run-length encoded bitmaps included), Photoshop files named `.pdd` and PNG files named `.pns` open and place, linked or embedded, as BMP, PSD and PNG files, in any letter case: the Open and Place dialogs list them with their format, the Links panel names their format, and Edit Original opens them. Exports write only `.bmp`, `.psd` and `.png` (`crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_tiffbmp.rs`, `crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_psdread.rs`, `crates/engine/src/tests/links.rs`).
   - File › Open converts a PSD or PSB file's layers to objects, keeping the layer structure, merging clipped layers into one layer and leaving out hidden layers that would need a merge, as [PSD import options](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/add-and-import-files/import-from-other-apps/photoshop-import-options.html) describes for the option that converts layers to objects; hidden layers come in with `hiddenLayers`, as Import Hidden Layers brings them in, and `layers: false` opens the merged image. VectorCraft's own rules: each layer becomes a layer holding its pixels with its name, visibility, opacity and blend mode, groups become layers of sublayers, layers in Dissolve, Linear Burn, Linear Dodge, Vivid Light, Linear Light, Pin Light, Hard Mix, Subtract, Divide, Darker Color and Lighter Color are merged with the layers below, layer masks become opacity masks, fill opacity multiplies the opacity (in a layer that others are clipped to, it fades only that layer's own pixels), and adjustment layers, layer effects, knockouts and vector masks aren't applied and are counted in the warnings. 8-, 16- and 32-bit files, PSB, raw, PackBits and zipped channels. There is no PSD import options dialog yet (`crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_psdlayers.rs`).
+  - A PSD or PSB file's clipping path, the saved path that image resource 2999 names in the [PSD file format specification](https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/), clips its merged image on File › Place and on File › Open of the merged image, as [PSD import options](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/add-and-import-files/import-from-other-apps/photoshop-import-options.html) describes for a file imported as one flattened image. The image comes in a clip group whose clipping path has no paint and uses the even-odd rule, and the path can be edited or released. `links.update` and `links.relink` keep the clip group, and files that name no clipping path come in as before (`crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_psdread.rs`).
   - PCX files (`.pcx`) open and place, from the ZSoft PCX Technical Reference Manual: 1 bit in the header palette's first two colors (black and white when the version has no palette or both colors are the same), 1 bit in two to four planes and 4 bits with up to 16 colors from the header's palette (the EGA colors for versions 0 and 3), 2 bits in the CGA colors that the header's CGA palette settings pick (background, color burst, palette and intensity), 8 bits with the 256-color palette after the image data (gray levels without one) and 24-bit color in three planes, run-length encoded. The header's HDpi and VDpi size the image. A file of another depth or plane count, one cut short, and one whose pixels as RGBA pass the pixel allowance are refused with a message before its pixels are decoded. Open and Place recognize a PCX file by its extension, and `clipboard.importImage` and Glass's Load Texture… by its header; a PCX file copied in a file manager pastes as a bitmap (`crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_pcxread.rs`).
   - Pixar picture files (`.pxr`) open, place and paste, from "The Format of Stored Pictures" in the Pixar Image Computer manuals: any set of the R, G, B and A channels in 8 or 12 bits, dumped or run-length encoded with all four packet kinds and block ends, in tiles of any size (pixels of border tiles past the picture are dropped). R alone is gray, a missing color channel is 0 and a missing A opaque; 12-bit samples are clamped to 0.0 to 1.0; color matted to black becomes straight color; a null tile is transparent when the picture has A and black otherwise. The offsets aren't read, and the image takes the default resolution. Version 2 headers read like version 0. A file cut short, one with a tile whose writing wasn't finished, one with header values or packets the format doesn't define, and one whose pixels as RGBA pass the pixel allowance are refused with a message. Every reader recognizes a Pixar file by its magic number. Tested on synthetic files only (`crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_pxrread.rs`).
   - JPEG 2000 JP2 and raw codestream images open and place from `.jpf`, `.jpx`, `.jp2`, `.j2k`, `.j2c` and `.jpc`. Each axis uses the valid display resolution (`resd`), else the valid capture resolution (`resc`), whichever box comes first ([ITU-T T.800](https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.800/en), I.5.3.7.2); an axis with none uses 72 ppi. Multiple codestreams, JPX composition or layers, and unsupported color spaces are refused with a message. The decoder checks image size before allocating (`crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_jp2read.rs`).
@@ -2020,6 +2033,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
 - **Moving objects with raster effects (#1257):** during a drag or a dialog's preview, an object whose content only moved draws its cached drop shadows, outer glows and filtered content (Gaussian Blur, Feather and the Photoshop-style filters) from the rasters of an earlier frame at the nearest whole pixel, without running the effects again. The renderer first draws the moved content where the old content lies in its raster and compares the pixels. De-Interlace runs again. The frame after the drag runs the effects again and draws what a fresh renderer draws; on the desktop, the canvas renders that frame on the render worker. `texture_drag_perf` times a drag's frames and the frame after it.
 
 - **Glass's Load Texture:** Effect › Distort › Glass… has a Load Texture… button that reads a PNG, JPEG, GIF, WebP, TIFF, BMP, Targa, PSD, PSB, PCX, Pixar, JPEG 2000, HEIC/HEIF or JPEG XL file and adds Loaded Texture to the Texture menu (`textureImage`: `{path}` or `{name?, dataBase64}`, stored in the effect and saved with the document as a grayscale PNG in base64). The texture lies one image pixel per point at Scaling 100%, centered on the object and repeated; each pixel's luma is the surface's height, from 0 for black to 1 pt for white, and a transparent pixel counts as middle gray. Scaling and Invert act on it as on the built-in textures. A Glass saved without `textureImage` draws and saves as before.
+- **Rough Pastels' Load Texture:** Effect › Artistic › Rough Pastels… has the same Load Texture… button, and its Texture and Light Direction controls are menus. The loaded image's gray levels are the paper surface (Loaded Texture in the Texture menu, `textureImage` stored with the effect), and Scaling, Relief, Light Direction and Invert act on it as on Brick, Burlap, Canvas and Sandstone (`pixel::tests::rough_pastels_draws_a_loaded_texture_as_its_surface`, `rough_pastels_loads_a_texture_saves_it_and_draws_it`).
 
 - **Bounded effect length inputs (#4638):** Effect dialog fields with defined length ranges (such as Crystallize Cell Size 3..300 pt) clamp immediately on commit and reject invalid inputs visibly with an accent highlight without reverting to sub-minimum values.
 - **Color Halftone in raster pixels (#3260):** Max Radius is 4–127 px of the Document Raster Effects resolution, as public documentation gives it, shown in px whatever the document units; documents from before open with their radii in points converted (document version 3), and a file saved for an older app version holds them in points again.
@@ -2492,9 +2506,10 @@ Edit › Copy and Cut put the selected ruler guides on the clipboard, with the s
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
-| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G12: Swatches item context menus implemented in list and thumbnail views, with clicked-item actions and reserved/missing-swatch guards. Harness tests added; execution and visual verification pending. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G5: Weather Icons joins Basic Shapes, UI Frames, Map Markers, Inventory Icons and Skill Icons as a sixth built-in symbol library (Sun, Moon, Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Snow; original procedural vector symbols generated in code, no default 9-slice); area score and estimate unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-14 | minor | Tech Circuit adds three original procedural brushes (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines, Terminal Nodes); ten built-in brush libraries. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); parity scores and headline totals unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | Gujarati (#6613): contributor proofreading completed for all 387 additions, with 11 wording corrections; 4,673 reviewed catalog rows. Status/error messages remain partial; web selection requires a bundled Gujarati face. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | Gujarati (`gu`): 4,286-row machine-assisted catalog reviewed by a native speaker, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Gujarati craft-fonts fallback; all 72 translation tests pass; a web font and about 2,600 untranslated messages remain; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | File formats: in a `.ai` or EPS opened from its editing data whose layers don't draw as the page even with the drawn art of every live envelope put back, and are used all the same (trusted, their objects that differ coming in as the page's art, or opened alone), art that differs away from an envelope of type no longer costs it its editable type: it keeps its drawn art where, in the pixels it and its drawn art ink, the layers with it differ from the page more than its own check allows, or past the envelopes' share of the page check, and where a clip, mask, group appearance, another envelope, a repeat or a blend holds it (#7141); evidence updated; scores and hours unchanged. |
@@ -2908,3 +2923,5 @@ Edit › Copy and Cut put the selected ruler guides on the clipboard, with the s
 2026-10-28 Flare interaction: the center drag turns only the rays by one degree per document point of increasing pointer y and back at the same rate for decreasing y. This is an application rule independent of event frequency. Shift keeps the current turn; Space during either drag moves the flare without changing its size or turn, including the first drag sample. Releasing a modifier resumes from the current pointer position without catching up skipped rotation. Scores and remaining estimates unchanged.
 ## EPS Save evidence (2026-10-26)
 Ordinary Save and Save As keep EPS as EPS, with the chosen page frame, transparent margins and the complete editable VectorCraft document. Existing import-loss confirmation and transparency warnings remain; the Save TIFF preview is capped at 1024 pixels, while Export retains 2048. See [file-format-parity.md](file-format-parity.md#eps-save-and-source-protection) for limits and regression evidence. This narrows G9 save-back workflow coverage; native Illustrator editing-data fidelity, parity scores and hour estimates are unchanged. Since 2026-11-12 the EPS Options of Save As show Use Artboards, unchecked by default: unchecked, the bounding box fits the visible art; checked, Save keeps the chosen page frame and margins described here.
+
+> **Swatches status (2026-11-15):** Item context menus are implemented and covered by headless tests; full CI passed on the latest-main integration (all 13 gates), including the updated panel-view harness; parity scores and estimates are unchanged.
diff --git a/docs/type-parity.md b/docs/type-parity.md
index 57578e454b..fa76290e94 100644
--- a/docs/type-parity.md
+++ b/docs/type-parity.md
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ against Illustrator's public documentation; **estimated** unless noted.
 | Preserve font sizes while scaling a group | missing | Separate enhancement; scaling still scales text with the other artwork. |
 | OpenType panel, Glyphs panel, alternates | done | Highlight Alternate Glyphs preference (#394, off by default) paints pink behind OpenType substitutions on screen when on (required shaping such as Arabic joining forms and the lam-alef ligature, including a lam-alef older fonts file under `liga`, is not highlighted; an optional feature that changes the ligature is); stylistic sets ss01–ss20, stylistic and titling alternates, proportional and lining figures, superscript and subscript are character-style features (`text.setStyle {features}`, #1607); the OpenType panel's Position menu sets superscript, subscript, numerator or denominator glyphs (`sups`, `subs`, `numr`, `dnom`). The OpenType panel's Stylistic Sets menu lists the selected font's `ss01`–`ss20` features, using a font-supplied name where available and `Set N` otherwise; several sets can be active, and selecting an active one removes it. For a mixed-font selection it uses the first selected character's font, a VectorCraft design choice ([public help](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/design-with-text/special-characters-glyphs/add-stylistic-sets-to-selected-text.html), [OpenType feature specification](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/features_pt)). The Glyphs panel highlights the character selected with the Type tool (a range's first character, else the one before the caret) and scrolls it into view as the selection moves (#4908; `panels::glyphs` tests); its Show menu lists Unicode ranges and Alternates for Current Selection, the selected character's alternate glyphs from the font's `GSUB` table. A double-click applies the OpenType feature that draws a variant to that character alone, or uses a glyph choice when no supported feature draws it; see the Glyphs panel row below for Entire Font and the joining limits. The glyph-cell pop-up of alternates is not there yet |
 | Glyphs panel: alternates as OpenType feature values, unencoded glyphs | done | #5514, as [Replace characters with alternate glyphs](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/design-with-text/special-characters-glyphs/replace-characters-with-alternate-glyphs.html) describes (Show › Alternates For Current Selection; replace the selected character by double-clicking the glyph). A character-style feature takes a value (`"salt=2"`, the font's alternate number; `ss01`–`ss20`, `swsh`, `titl` and `aalt` too) in `features` and `featureChanges`, in SVG `font-feature-settings` (`"salt" 2`) and in native files as the plain string. Show › Entire Font applies an unencoded glyph the same way when it is an alternate of the selected character in its word, applies one no feature reaches (`A.salt` in a font with no `salt`) to the selected character as a glyph choice (it may not join), and dims the others with the reason in the tooltip (e.g. `yehfarsi.fina.alt2 belongs to ی (U+06CC) at the end of a word; your selection is ي (U+064A)`); an Arabic presentation form picked there inserts its letter so the word joins. Runs that differ only in their features shape as one piece of text, each run's features over its own characters, so a variant on one letter of an Arabic word keeps its neighbours' initial, medial and final forms and the letters still touch. The panel lists the alternates of the glyph the shaper makes for the selected character in its word (a medial letter shows medial variants), and a double-click applies the OpenType feature that draws the variant (`salt=N` or `ssNN`) to that character alone, in one undo step (`text.setRangeStyle`); a variant no feature reaches falls back to a replacement glyph (`text.setGlyphAlternate`), which its tooltip says may not join. Show › Entire Font also lists the glyphs no character maps, with their name or `gid N` and the feature that gives them. The text crate reads each face's `GSUB` once (alternate sets, single substitutions, the feature that reaches a glyph). Not done: alternates reached through contextual or ligature lookups, and features of the font that the style has no tag for (`cv01`–`cv99`, `hist`). Evidence: `tests::glyph_alternates` in the text crate (a fixture font with a medial teh at `salt=1` to `3`, the neighbours' forms, no gap; Kufi Murabba PIIIX when it is installed), `features::tests::feature_values_are_parsed_validated_and_shaped`, `tests::textedit::feature_values_are_set_replaced_and_saved`, the `panels::glyphs` tests. |
+| OpenType panel menu: H or V Style, Roman Italics | done | With Show East Asian Options, as [Format East Asian characters](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/formatting-asian-characters.html) describes: H or V Style is the character feature `hkna` (kana in the font's horizontal forms, shaped as `vkna` in vertical type) and Roman Italics is `ital` (the font's italic half-width alphanumerics), set with `text.setStyle` / `text.setRangeStyle {features, featureChanges}`, on or off only, and in Character Style Options › OpenType Features ([OpenType feature list](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/featurelist)). |
 | Font menu: samples, live preview, filters, favourites, recent families; font matching by any name; Find Font | done | #3515: recently applied families appear first, once each; missing families are omitted and the existing Number of Recent Fonts setting applies; #339; script filter: Japanese, Latin, Thai; the font scan on Linux also reads the folders fontconfig's configuration lists, such as TeX fonts under `/usr/share/texmf/fonts` (#1548, fixes #1529; not verified on Linux); Select Text by Font takes a scope: the document, chosen artboards or chosen layers; Find Font's Find In offers Document, Artboard (the active one) and Layers (the selected ones, else the current one) (#5529, a VectorCraft addition); Replace With Font lists family and style rows, one click setting both, with a search over them; its list scrolls on its own, apart from the document's font list (#4972); wherever the font menu opens, its filters keep the same four rows, and it opens at least wide enough for them and for a family name up to 220 points wide with its sample (up to 60% of the window), each sample filling its row's height (a VectorCraft layout); a filter chosen in the font menu of the Character panel, the Control bar or the Properties panel is on in the others, and the filters are cleared when the app quits ([Font browser overview](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/design-with-text/fonts-and-scripts/font-options-overview.html)); the font menus of the Glyphs panel and of the dialogs that pick a font share the same filters (a VectorCraft choice). |
 | Missing glyphs set in an installed font made for their script (Thai, Lao, Khmer, Myanmar first; then any font that has them) | done | Thai: Leelawadee UI, Tahoma, Thonburi, Sukhumvit Set, Noto Sans Thai, TLWG |
 | Full font-name matching (OpenType name ID 4) | done | #1258: loaded/cataloged faces and Missing Fonts searches; localized names and variable default faces; Windows font-service QA pending |
diff --git a/docs/ui-parity.md b/docs/ui-parity.md
index 6442f309fa..4c04ce58c7 100644
--- a/docs/ui-parity.md
+++ b/docs/ui-parity.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # UI and interaction parity
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-15 · **Change:** minor (G12: Swatches item menus tested and rendered; merged branch Linux full CI passed; upstream test-helper compile correction included (#7727); Windows engine baseline failures noted; previously: Pencil continuation, straight-line and closing cursors; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Graphic Styles list fills a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: library panels' lists fill a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Swatches list fills a taller panel, #1638; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: icon-strip flyouts also resize from the top edge and the canvas-side top corner, keeping the moved top in workspaces (storytold/craft-libs#1094); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: macOS: the canvas cursor stays after the pointer moves, #6362; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Remove Background in the Contextual Task Bar, Properties › Quick Actions and the Control bar; previously minor: Ruler origin: the corner drag snaps as a drawn point does; previously minor: Live Paint Bucket fills faces crossed in one drag (#6373); previously: #6404: transform-aware Eyedropper character copying; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Outline view: images and gradient meshes are picked on what Outline draws, so a click inside them reaches the path behind, #6437; previously minor: a middle-click on a document tab closes it, #6506; previously minor: Blob Brush: a round tip's preview is the outline of the area it adds, round at both ends, as the stroke it commits (#4343); scores and estimates unchanged; previously:; ruler double-click adds a guide at the pointer, #5239; G5: Inventory Icons built-in symbol library (four built-ins); previously minor: files that record no units open in Preferences › Units › General, #5820; previously minor: interim macOS cursor delivery, #2292; native validation pending; scores and estimates unchanged; Control bar › Snapping includes the existing Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides toggles (#6164); scores and estimates unchanged; floating tab groups collapse into the side icon rail and opened rail panels fold back into it, #5925 in part; numeric fields step on wheel hover without taking keyboard focus, #5949; Character Styles panel: a double-click on a style's row opens its Character Style Options; the dialog keeps a fixed width and scrolls its sections, so its buttons stay on screen; Selection QoL: marquee modes and visible feedback, #5313; #3380 deletion-only review follow-up: independent survivors keep gradient placement, owned subpaths avoid discarded copies, and contracts/status/evidence are clarified; endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged; Drop Shadow and glow dialogs: spinner arrows, #5367, #5368; Stroke Weight Up and Down shortcuts, #5797; Layers: Rename (`ui.rename`) opens the name field of the selected layer, group or object, #5324; Properties in Edit Artboards: Transform section above the Artboards section, #5219; scrubby labels: the Control bar's Stroke: and Opacity: links and the Properties panel's Stroke link scrub their fields, #4088; Properties: Quick Actions has Repeat Options for one selected repeat, #5181; Direct Selection: Shift-click picks several blend spine points, which drag together, #5285; Direct Selection: Cmd/Ctrl held lends the Selection tool and shows its bounding box, #3901; Join tool trims two crossing open paths and joins them at the crossing, #5844; Control bar: Paragraph: link and Align left/center/right while type is selected, #5372; shape tools: a press on the selection's centre point moves it and one in the rotate zone outside a box corner turns it, #5477; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x; Units › East Asian Type acts, with Q and Ha units; scores unchanged)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-13 · **Change:** minor (Pencil continuation, straight-line and closing cursors; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Graphic Styles list fills a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: library panels' lists fill a taller panel, #2992; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Swatches list fills a taller panel, #1638; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: icon-strip flyouts also resize from the top edge and the canvas-side top corner, keeping the moved top in workspaces (storytold/craft-libs#1094); scores and estimates unchanged; previously: macOS: the canvas cursor stays after the pointer moves, #6362; scores and estimates unchanged; previously minor: Remove Background in the Contextual Task Bar, Properties › Quick Actions and the Control bar; previously minor: Ruler origin: the corner drag snaps as a drawn point does; previously minor: Live Paint Bucket fills faces crossed in one drag (#6373); previously: #6404: transform-aware Eyedropper character copying; scores and estimates unchanged; previously: Outline view: images and gradient meshes are picked on what Outline draws, so a click inside them reaches the path behind, #6437; previously minor: a middle-click on a document tab closes it, #6506; previously minor: Blob Brush: a round tip's preview is the outline of the area it adds, round at both ends, as the stroke it commits (#4343); scores and estimates unchanged; previously:; ruler double-click adds a guide at the pointer, #5239; G5: Inventory Icons built-in symbol library (four built-ins); previously minor: files that record no units open in Preferences › Units › General, #5820; previously minor: interim macOS cursor delivery, #2292; native validation pending; scores and estimates unchanged; Control bar › Snapping includes the existing Snap to Glyph and Alignment Guides toggles (#6164); scores and estimates unchanged; floating tab groups collapse into the side icon rail and opened rail panels fold back into it, #5925 in part; numeric fields step on wheel hover without taking keyboard focus, #5949; Character Styles panel: a double-click on a style's row opens its Character Style Options; the dialog keeps a fixed width and scrolls its sections, so its buttons stay on screen; Selection QoL: marquee modes and visible feedback, #5313; #3380 deletion-only review follow-up: independent survivors keep gradient placement, owned subpaths avoid discarded copies, and contracts/status/evidence are clarified; endpoint highlighting remains open; scores and estimates unchanged; Drop Shadow and glow dialogs: spinner arrows, #5367, #5368; Stroke Weight Up and Down shortcuts, #5797; Layers: Rename (`ui.rename`) opens the name field of the selected layer, group or object, #5324; Properties in Edit Artboards: Transform section above the Artboards section, #5219; scrubby labels: the Control bar's Stroke: and Opacity: links and the Properties panel's Stroke link scrub their fields, #4088; Properties: Quick Actions has Repeat Options for one selected repeat, #5181; Direct Selection: Shift-click picks several blend spine points, which drag together, #5285; Direct Selection: Cmd/Ctrl held lends the Selection tool and shows its bounding box, #3901; Join tool trims two crossing open paths and joins them at the crossing, #5844; Control bar: Paragraph: link and Align left/center/right while type is selected, #5372; shape tools: a press on the selection's centre point moves it and one in the rotate zone outside a box corner turns it, #5477; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x; Units › East Asian Type acts, with Q and Ha units; scores unchanged)
+>
+> Tech Circuit update (2026-11-14): three original procedural brushes; ten built-in brush libraries (G5).
 >
 > Vector Halftone preview update (2026-11-10): temporary dot selection marks are hidden, and the bounding box stays available (#6369).
 >
@@ -51,9 +53,10 @@ Artboard Options forwards the active Artboard tool's Scale Artwork with Artboard
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
-| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-14 | minor | G5: Tech Circuit adds three original procedural brushes (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines, Terminal Nodes); ten built-in brush libraries. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); parity scores and headline totals unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | Layers panel: right-clicking a layer/group/object row shows a context menu with Options…, Duplicate, Delete, Lock/Hide Others, Locate Object, and Collect for Export — matching standard desktop layer panel conventions. Scores unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Pencil cursors: the continuation cursor (a short rising line) shows over an open end of a selected path before any press, freehand too, and while a continuing stroke nears another selected path's open end it connects to; the straight-line cursor is a short level line; a continued path, a straight line too, shows the closing cursor and closes within Close Paths When Ends Are Within of its other end, and with Alt at the release. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Graphic Styles: in a panel made taller the list fills the space above the footer instead of stopping at 220 pt (#2992; `the_list_fills_a_tall_panel_above_its_footer` in `crates/ui-egui/src/panels/graphic_styles.rs`). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Library panels (swatch, Color Book, brush, symbol and graphic style libraries): in a panel made taller the list fills the space above the footer instead of scrolling inside 220 or 280 pt (#2992; `the_list_fills_a_tall_panel_above_its_footer` in `crates/ui-egui/src/panels/library_panel/tests.rs`). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-13 | minor | Swatches: in a panel made taller the swatch list fills the space above the footer instead of scrolling inside 150 or 200 pt (#1638). Scores unchanged. |
@@ -208,6 +211,7 @@ tools, never checked side by side) isn't captured row by row.
 | Ruler guides align to a key object: a click on an object selected with guides makes it the key (one object is enough); Align moves the selected guides to its edge or centre (vertical guides to left, centre or right, horizontal ones to top, centre or bottom) and the key stays put | done | #2143; aligning to the selection or the artboard leaves guides alone |
 | Align panel menu › Align to Glyph Bounds › Point Text and Area Text (checked while on): Align and Distribute measure point type or area type by the ink of its glyphs instead of its em box or frame | done | #4231; `alignGlyphBoundsPoint`, `alignGlyphBoundsArea` ([Align text](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/design-with-text/edit-format-text/align-text.html)); `tests::glyphbounds`, `panels::align::tests::align_to_glyph_bounds_toggles_point_and_area_text`; the Character and Properties panels' Align to Glyph Bounds controls are not done |
 | Align and distribute artboards: with the Artboard tool chosen, the Align panel's Align Objects, Distribute Objects and Distribute Spacing buttons, and the Control bar's, move the selected artboards with the art inside them (Move Artwork with Artboard) | done | `artboard.align`, `artboard.distribute`, `artboard.distributeSpacing` ([Align and distribute artboards](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/create-manage-artboards/organize-manage-artboards/align-and-distribute-artboards.html)); VectorCraft's own rules: Align to Artboard keeps the active artboard in place and sends the Distribute Spacing value, Align to Key Object is off, a locked artboard stays where it is; `cmd::artboardalign::tests`, `panels::align::tests::the_align_buttons_align_the_selected_artboards` |
+| Object › Distribute, below Object › Align: Horizontal Distribute Left, Center and Right, Vertical Distribute Top, Center and Bottom, Horizontal Distribute Space and Vertical Distribute Space, each running what a click on its Align panel button runs (Align To, the key object, the Distribute Spacing value and, with the Artboard tool chosen, the selected artboards) | done | The `align.distribute*` commands; the public page names Object › Distribute beside Object › Align for the Align and Distribute commands ([Align and distribute objects](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/arrange-objects/align-and-distribute-objects.html)); the items and their order are VectorCraft's own, taken from the Align panel; `menus::tests::object_distribute_runs_the_distribute_buttons` |
 | A marquee selects the objects whose paths it touches (anchors or segments): drawn inside a filled shape, over a background, it leaves that shape (Preview and Outline) | done | #1103 |
 | Click a segment independently of its endpoint anchors; only its direction handles show | done | #1278: hollow endpoint squares, selected edge emphasized; headless egui checked |
 | Drag a curved segment to bend it, a straight one to move its anchors | done | |
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@ tools, never checked side by side) isn't captured row by row.
 | Bounding-box handles: Shift proportional, Alt from centre, rotate outside the corners | done | |
 | Rotated objects keep a rotated bounding box and their angle; Reset Bounding Box | done | |
 | Vector Halftone Preview keeps the selection box and hides selection marks on the temporary dots | done | #6369; Preview off and Cancel restore the original marks. |
-| Free Transform, Scale and Reflect along a rotated box | missing | |
+| Free Transform, Scale and Reflect along a rotated box | done | The Scale and Reflect tools, dialogs and commands and the Transform and Properties panels' flips act along the turned box until Reset Bounding Box; `basis: "page"` keeps the page's axes |
 | Free Transform widget: constrain, free distort, perspective distort; the key-held variants | done | |
 | Transform tools: click sets the reference point (snaps to anchors/centres), Alt-click opens the dialog, Alt-release copies | done | with anchors selected with Direct Selection, the tools, the dialogs and Move transform those anchors alone, about the centre of their box by default (#1408; the default point and whole-object copies are our choices) |
 | Move, Rotate, Scale, Reflect and Shear dialogs: live Preview; Up/Down step angles and percentages by 1, Shift by 10 | done | #1412; Preview starts off (our choice: the public documentation gives no default), Move's as it was last confirmed; OK is one undo step and Transform Again repeats it |
@@ -429,7 +433,7 @@ next unit in the order a right-click on a ruler lists them, from Feet back to Po
 | Attributes fill-rule controls with a compound member selected | done | Edits the compound's rule; direction still edits only the member; rendered-hole and Undo/Redo regression tests (#1197) |
 | Make Compound Path on a group (such as outlined type) keeps its backmost path's paint; compound paths joined into one keep their holes | done | #1537 |
 | Symbol libraries: Window › Symbol Libraries (Basic Shapes, UI Frames, Map Markers, Inventory Icons, Skill Icons, User Defined, Other Library…, Save Symbols…) and the Symbols panel's Symbol Libraries Menu button and its menu's Open Symbol Library / Save Symbol Library…; a click on a library symbol adds it to the document's Symbols (one undo step, it becomes the current symbol), Shift/Cmd-clicks select for Add to Symbols, and a symbol dragged onto the canvas is added and placed where it is dropped | done | [public source](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/create-or-import-symbol-libraries.html), [Symbols panel options](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/symbols-panel-options.html), [placing from a library](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/manage-objects/traces-mockups-symbols/create-and-place-symbols.html); `window.symbolLibrary`, `window.symbolLibrary.other`, `ui.saveSymbolLibrary` (dialog `saveSymbolLibrary`), `window.userSymbolLibrary1`…`10`; `panels::tests_symbol_libraries`; five built-in libraries (Basic Shapes, UI Frames with default 9-slice, Map Markers, Inventory Icons, Skill Icons; original, generated in code) |
-| Brush libraries: Window › Brush Libraries (Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle Brushes, Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams, Dry Media, User Defined, Other Library…, Save Brushes…) and the Brushes panel's Brush Libraries Menu button and its menu's Open Brush Library / Save Brush Library…; a click on a library brush adds it to the document's Brushes (one undo step, it becomes the current brush, and selected paths take it in the same step), Shift/Cmd-clicks select for Add to Brushes, a brush dragged onto a path is added and applied to it and one dragged onto the Brushes panel is added; thumbnails render with the library's patterns and symbols | done | [public source](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/create-new-brush-libraries.html), [import brushes](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/import-brushes-from-brush-libraries-or-other-files.html), [Brushes panel overview](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/brushes-panel-overview.html); `window.brushLibrary`, `window.brushLibrary.other`, `ui.saveBrushLibrary` (dialog `saveBrushLibrary`), `window.userBrushLibrary1`…`10`; `panels::tests_brush_libraries`; nine built-in libraries (original, generated in code) |
+| Brush libraries: Window › Brush Libraries (Art Ribbons, Ink and Wash, Calligraphic Nibs, Bristle Brushes, Pattern Borders, Scatter Shapes, Game Trails, Energy Beams, Dry Media, Tech Circuit, User Defined, Other Library…, Save Brushes…) and the Brushes panel's Brush Libraries Menu button and its menu's Open Brush Library / Save Brush Library…; a click on a library brush adds it to the document's Brushes (one undo step, it becomes the current brush, and selected paths take it in the same step), Shift/Cmd-clicks select for Add to Brushes, a brush dragged onto a path is added and applied to it and one dragged onto the Brushes panel is added; thumbnails render with the library's patterns and symbols | done | [public source](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/create-new-brush-libraries.html), [import brushes](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/import-brushes-from-brush-libraries-or-other-files.html), [Brushes panel overview](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/desktop/paint-and-fill/apply-and-edit-strokes/brushes-panel-overview.html); `window.brushLibrary`, `window.brushLibrary.other`, `ui.saveBrushLibrary` (dialog `saveBrushLibrary`), `window.userBrushLibrary1`…`10`; `panels::tests_brush_libraries`; ten built-in libraries (original, generated in code) |
 | Symbols panel: New Symbol opens Symbol Options (Name) before making the symbol; Alt-click skips it | partial | #1560 (#1566); Registration 9-point grid in Symbol Options (`symbol.new` / `symbol.place`); Export Type (Graphic / Movie Clip) and Enable Guides for 9-Slice Scaling (scaled instances keep their corners; in symbol editing mode the guides are drawn over the art and the Selection tool drags them); Symbol Type (Dynamic Symbol / Static Symbol, new symbols dynamic; #4938) |
 | Dynamic symbols: an instance changes the fill, stroke, opacity and blend of objects in its symbol's art and stays linked; Reset in the Properties panel's Quick Actions and the Symbols panel menu (Reset Symbol Instance) | partial | #4938; `symbol.instance.setAppearance` (by child-index path) and `symbol.instance.reset`; redefining keeps the changes, Break Link bakes them; Direct Selection of a path, compound path or type object inside an instance, with the Fill/Stroke controls setting its solid fill or stroke, is on canvas; on-canvas editing beyond a solid fill and stroke, and `.ai` read and write, remain |
 | Pathfinder Trim, Merge and Crop remove strokes; Merge joins same-fill objects whatever their strokes | done | #1570 (#1572) |
@@ -541,9 +545,10 @@ before release (#6373). [Paint faces and edges](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustra
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
-| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-14 | minor | G12: Swatches item context menus implemented in list and thumbnail views, with clicked-item actions and reserved/missing-swatch guards. Harness tests added; execution and visual verification pending. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-14 | minor | Tech Circuit adds three original procedural brushes (Circuit Trace, Bus Lines, Terminal Nodes); ten built-in brush libraries. G5 remaining estimate 3–13 h (estimated); parity scores and headline totals unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | Numeric fields: a focus click released more than 1 pt from its press keeps the caret; a tap within 1 pt still selects the whole value (#6659, follow-up to #1326). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
+| 2026-11-15 | minor | G12: Swatches item menus validated in all five views: 39 focused tests passed, regression fails without the menu hooks, rendered list/thumbnail layouts inspected, and fresh local deep CodeRabbit review found zero issues. Full workspace CI passed on Linux/WSL on the merged branch (all 13 gates), including the test-helper correction for the upstream compile error tracked in #7727; native Windows full CI has two unchanged engine-test failures. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | Remove Background for a selected image in the Contextual Task Bar, Properties › Quick Actions and the Control bar, which runs at once with its defaults. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | Live Paint Bucket fills faces crossed in one drag (#6373). Scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-12 | minor | Save refusal follow-up (#6146): changed format opens its Save options; unchanged format retains original options. Focused UI regressions passed, including the format-change case that failed before the fix; native panel acceptance pending. Scores and estimates unchanged. |
@@ -783,3 +788,5 @@ before release (#6373). [Paint faces and edges](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustra
 | 2026-10-22 | minor | Merge current main and complete the Turkish tab-drag labels and validation messages requested by the maintainer; all 24 catalogs covered; scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-10-22 | minor | Tab-drag follow-up: reconcile upstream progress updates and document drag lifecycle, insertion behavior and regression contracts; behavior, scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-10-22 | minor | Artwork dragged with Selection switches visible document tabs after a 400 ms hover, then copies editable artwork on canvas release; source and clipboard stay intact; scores and hours unchanged |
+
+> **Swatches status (2026-11-15):** Item context menus are implemented and covered by headless tests; full CI passed on the latest-main integration (all 13 gates), including the updated panel-view harness; parity scores and estimates are unchanged.