diff --git a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai.rs b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai.rs
index e256e305c2..10af4f8f9a 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@
 //! - Type (§15): point type, area type and type on a path as text objects, `type To`, `a b c d tx
 //!   ty startPt Tp` (the text matrix; the frame or path in art space between it and `TP`), each
 //!   run's paint style, `Tr` (fill, stroke, both or neither), `/_font size ascent descent Tf`,
-//!   `Ts Tz Tt TA Tl Ta Ti` and its characters `(…) Tx` (`\r` ends a paragraph), `TO`. Only the
+//!   `Ts Tz Tt TA Tl Ta Ti` and its characters `(…) Tx` (`\r` ends a paragraph), `TO`. Standard
+//!   Vertical Roman Alignment is written as `1 Tv` and `0 Tv`, and Tate-chu-yoko in horizontal
+//!   type as a Kumi block recorded for later use, `1 TY` … `0 TY` (§15.3.4); neither operator is
+//!   written for type that has neither mark. Only the
 //!   revisable form is written: readers lay the type out again (§15.1). Fonts are named by their
 //!   PostScript names in `%%DocumentFonts` and `%%IncludeFont` (§3.1) and re-encoded to
 //!   Windows-1252 (`TE`, then `%AI3_BeginEncoding: _name name`, `TZ`, §3.3), the 8-bit encoding
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/prolog.rs b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/prolog.rs
index b0d606bba9..5ee77f89cf 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/prolog.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/prolog.rs
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ VCLegacy begin
 /TE {cleartomark} bd /TZ {cleartomark} bd
 /To {pop} bd /Tp {7 {pop} repeat} bd /TP {} bd /TO {} bd
 /Tr {pop} bd /Tf {pop pop pop pop} bd /Ts {pop} bd /Tz {pop pop} bd /Tt {pop} bd /TA {pop} bd
-/Tl {pop pop} bd /Ta {pop} bd /Ti {pop pop pop} bd /Tx {pop} bd
+/Tl {pop pop} bd /Ta {pop} bd /Ti {pop pop pop} bd /Tx {pop} bd /Tv {pop} bd /TY {pop} bd
 % The page trailer (3): annotatepage marks nothing.
 /annotatepage {} bd
 end
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs
index 43b28c934a..d0dd1f64e8 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/tests.rs
@@ -1193,6 +1193,59 @@ fn variable_font_settings_are_warned_as_left_out() {
     assert!(String::from_utf8(out.bytes).unwrap().contains("(H\\351llo \\2005\\r) Tx\n"), "still written as text");
 }
 
+/// Standard Vertical Roman Alignment is written as `Tv` and Tate-chu-yoko in horizontal type as a
+/// Kumi block recorded for later use, `TY` (§15.3.4), each where it changes: the marks read back
+/// on the same characters, a block is closed before its text object ends, and type with neither
+/// mark has neither operator.
+#[test]
+fn vertical_roman_and_tate_chu_yoko_are_written_and_read_back() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{TextObject, TextRun};
+    let plain = style(12.0, Paint::solid(Color::BLACK));
+    let roman = vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle { standard_vertical_roman: true, ..plain.clone() };
+    let tcy = vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle { tate_chu_yoko: true, ..plain.clone() };
+    let both = vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle { tate_chu_yoko: true, standard_vertical_roman: true, ..plain.clone() };
+    let mut doc = Document::new(300.0, 200.0);
+    let layer = doc.layers[0].id;
+    let mut marked = TextObject::point(vectorcraft_geom::Point::new(20.0, 40.0), "A", plain.clone());
+    for (text, st) in [("12", &tcy), ("b", &roman), ("c", &both), ("34", &tcy)] {
+        marked.runs.push(TextRun::new(text, st.clone()));
+    }
+    let next = TextObject::point(vectorcraft_geom::Point::new(20.0, 80.0), "D", plain.clone());
+    for t in [marked, next] {
+        let n = Node::new(doc.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)));
+        doc.insert(Some(layer), usize::MAX, n).unwrap();
+    }
+    let out = write(&doc);
+    assert!(!out.warnings.iter().any(|w| w == TYPE || w == TYPE_ATTRIBUTES), "{:?}", out.warnings);
+    let text = String::from_utf8(out.bytes.clone()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((text.matches("1 TY\n").count(), text.matches("0 TY\n").count()), (2, 2), "{text}");
+    assert_eq!((text.matches("1 Tv\n").count(), text.matches("0 Tv\n").count()), (1, 1), "{text}");
+    // The last block ends before its text object does.
+    assert!(text.contains("(34) Tx\n0 TY\nTO\n"), "{text}");
+    let read = texts(&crate::import(&out.bytes).unwrap().document);
+    let flags = |t: &TextObject| -> Vec<(String, bool, bool)> {
+        let mut out: Vec<(String, bool, bool)> = vec![];
+        for r in &t.runs {
+            let key = (r.style.tate_chu_yoko, r.style.standard_vertical_roman);
+            match out.last_mut() {
+                Some(last) if (last.1, last.2) == key => last.0.push_str(&r.text),
+                _ => out.push((r.text.clone(), key.0, key.1)),
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    };
+    let s = |x: &str| x.to_string();
+    assert_eq!(
+        flags(&read[0].1),
+        [(s("A"), false, false), (s("12"), true, false), (s("b"), false, true), (s("c"), true, true), (s("34"), true, false)]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(flags(&read[1].1), [(s("D"), false, false)]);
+
+    // Type with neither mark has neither operator.
+    let text = String::from_utf8(write(&typed()).bytes).unwrap();
+    assert!(!text.contains(" Tv\n") && !text.contains(" TY\n"), "{text}");
+}
+
 /// A legacy `.ai` text path holds the path and where the type starts on it, and no Align to Path
 /// or end bracket: type on a path with either is written as text, with the warning that they are
 /// left out. An end bracket at the end of an open path, or once around a closed one, is kept. A
diff --git a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/writer.rs b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/writer.rs
index 8f8fc4ccf2..9bcd5f4f5d 100644
--- a/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/writer.rs
+++ b/crates/eps/src/legacy_ai/writer.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ pub(super) struct Writer<'a> {
     in_hidden: bool,
     /// The fonts type is set in: PostScript name, and whether it's TrueType.
     pub(super) fonts: Vec<(String, bool)>,
+    /// The Standard Vertical Roman Alignment the last `Tv` set (it lasts into later text objects).
+    roman: bool,
+    /// Inside a Kumi block `1 TY` began (Tate-chu-yoko in horizontal type).
+    kumi: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
@@ -59,6 +63,8 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
             hidden_art: vec![],
             in_hidden: false,
             fonts: vec![],
+            roman: false,
+            kumi: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -815,6 +821,10 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
                 self.line(" Tx");
             }
         }
+        if self.kumi {
+            self.line("0 TY");
+            self.kumi = false;
+        }
         self.line("TO");
     }
 
@@ -834,7 +844,8 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
     }
 
     /// A run's character attributes and paint style: `Tr`, its fill and stroke, `Tf`, `Ts`, `Tz`,
-    /// `Tt`, `TA`, and the leading with the space before its paragraph, `Tl`.
+    /// `Tt`, `TA`, and the leading with the space before its paragraph, `Tl`; then `Tv` and `TY`
+    /// where Standard Vertical Roman Alignment or Tate-chu-yoko changes.
     fn char_style(&mut self, st: &CharStyle, p: &ParaStyle) {
         let fill = !st.fill.is_none();
         let stroke = st.has_stroke();
@@ -872,6 +883,14 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
         let leading = st.leading.unwrap_or_else(|| p.justification.auto_leading_for(st.size));
         ps::push_nums(&mut self.body, &[finite(leading, size * 1.2), finite(p.space_before, 0.0)]);
         self.line("Tl");
+        if st.standard_vertical_roman != self.roman {
+            self.roman = st.standard_vertical_roman;
+            self.line(if self.roman { "1 Tv" } else { "0 Tv" });
+        }
+        if st.tate_chu_yoko != self.kumi {
+            self.kumi = st.tate_chu_yoko;
+            self.line(if self.kumi { "1 TY" } else { "0 TY" });
+        }
     }
 
     /// Type as its glyphs' outlines: a group of a compound path for each run, with the run's fill
diff --git a/docs/file-format-parity.md b/docs/file-format-parity.md
index 23a36a7e9a..2f2c88abeb 100644
--- a/docs/file-format-parity.md
+++ b/docs/file-format-parity.md
@@ -155,7 +155,8 @@ private editing data. VectorCraft:
   under them, clipped to where they show, along a smooth outline traced at the image's own resolution; that art stays) or omitted (Transparent Images,
   `transparentImages: "flatten"|"omit"`). Type is written as editable text objects (point type, area type and type
   on a path, with their fonts' PostScript names, sizes, colours, alignment, indents, leading, tracking and
-  scaling), which the reading app sets in those fonts; characters outside Windows-1252, vertical type, ruby, inline
+  scaling, and the Standard Vertical Roman Alignment and Tate-chu-yoko marks as `Tv` and `TY`), which the reading
+  app sets in those fonts; characters outside Windows-1252, vertical type, ruby, inline
   graphics and gradient or pattern fills make that type outlines, and so do rotated characters (Character Rotation,
   which a version 7 text object can't hold: the outlines keep the rotation, and the type is no longer editable text
   in the file), and Text: Outlines (`outlineText: true`) writes