Export 3D Object built every Extrude & Bevel (both kinds) and Inflate
solid twice: once for the facets that decide whether the art draws it and
count toward the object's face limit, and again for its mesh.
The solid builder now keeps the projected facets and the faces before
projection from one pass (`extrude_meshed`, `inflate_meshed`), and the
export decides and meshes each part from that one build. Where a mesh
built alone cuts Inflate's twisted sides differently (it has less room
left after keeping the faces turned away), the mesh's sides are cut with
its own room. Strokes past their limits are still left out, a fill's
error and the object's face limit still stop the export at the same
part, and the triangle budget is unchanged.
Tests compare the facets and meshes with separately built ones bit for
bit, and count one build per solid.
A 3D effect on a fill or stroke worked on copies of the object's fills
and strokes, and the copies were looked up among the object's items by
identity, so a live-effect plug-in before that 3D effect was given
`_context.item` "object" and a deferred stage there was listed with no
item. The drawn art, the 3D meshes and Expand as Wireframes now pass the
original item, so the plug-in is given `{"fill": i}` or `{"stroke": i}`
as docs/plugins.md describes. The paints of a type's first run still have
no item.
Under a light that is not white, an opaque Inflate fill or stroke in a
solid color was drawn as one composite of all its facets, so the
object's solids were drawn whole, one after another: the stroke's faces
covered every face of the fill, nearer or not.
When an object's solids share one order (all opaque with Normal
blending, or one member's under its opacity mask), each facet of such a
solid is now drawn on its own, with the composite's paint, channel
light ramps and seam width, and takes its place in that order as the
faces of a gradient already do. A lone solid, and the solids of an
object with a translucent or blended fill or stroke, keep the one
composite.
A face drawn on its own is about 16 nodes, against about 6 per facet
in the composite of a whole surface. These faces go in one order while
they number at most 30,720 together, counted again after the cuts.
Past that, each such solid is drawn as one composite.
Docs: docs/three-d.md, docs/target-app-parity.md.
- When the faces that overlap form a cycle of depth orders, the order
broke the cycle only after drawing every face with nothing to wait
for, so a cap could be drawn before the walls and they painted over
it. A face drawn last now keeps its place: no face moves across it.
- A face with a corner at or past the eye, which the perspective
projection holds just in front of the eye, no longer gets a plane,
so its depth is not measured on a plane its drawing does not match.
- docs/three-d.md states the masked member rule in Groups as the
Fills and strokes section does, and docs/target-app-parity.md cites
the Inflate test by its name.
- Each contour of a graphic is cut only at the faces its own bounds reach,
and the points cut at the faces count toward a limit of 64,000,000.
- The paint copies of a graphic's parts count toward a budget of their own,
one copy for a part's fill and one for its seam stroke when it takes one.
- A part filled with a pattern, or whose gradient has a transparent stop or
point, takes no seam stroke.
- Under several lights an opaque solid part also covers its seams, with its
lit art clipped to a band of the seam stroke's width.
- A line of a graphic that reaches farther than any surface is refused, as a
curve already was.
- A full turn places each segment by its own middle, so the cut at the back
falls on the segment edge nearest half a turn from the middle.
- A group's members are measured for graphics only when it has some.
- docs/three-d.md: Revolve shows no Face control, and the new limits.
Extrude & Bevel, Extrude & Bevel (Classic) and Inflate sorted the fill
walls and the faces of a stroke that leaves gaps (dashed, profiled,
brushed) by one depth each, so a far stroke face could draw over a near
fill wall and the reverse. Two such strokes on one shape drew over each
other the same way, and Inflate drew a plain stroke as if it covered
the fill's edge, which an inflated fill can rise in front of.
- Each flat facet now carries its plane, so its depth can be measured
at any point under it, with orthographic and perspective views.
- Where faces of one shape's fill and strokes overlap in the wrong
order, the overlapping faces are ordered by their depths where they
overlap. A fill wall and its covering stroke keep their order.
- A face of a stroke that leaves gaps that passes through a fill wall,
a covering stroke's face or an earlier such stroke's face is cut
along the line where their depths meet, keeping its curved outline,
within the face limit and the paint allowance.
- Under Inflate, no stroke counts as covering the fill's edge.
- The faces go in one order when the fill and strokes are at full
opacity with Normal blending. A member of a 3D group with an opacity
mask or a blending mode of its own orders its faces inside it when
its own paints qualify. A gradient with transparent stops keeps the
one order with graphics on its cap, and so does Inflate in gradients
under a colored light. A solid color under a colored light, drawn as
one composite per surface, still draws each surface whole.
The Materials tab and threeD.mapGraphic now map graphics onto
Revolve's swept side, unrolled flat: x runs around the axis (the
angle times the profile's distance from the axis at that point) and
y along the profile. A graphic keeps its size at every distance from
the axis, so it reaches farther around where the profile comes nearer
the axis. Each face of the side draws the part that falls on it: a
graphic narrows toward the silhouette, follows the profile along its
length, is shaded with the surface (several lights included) and is
hidden where the side faces away. A part that runs past the end of
the profile reaches the curved rim and stops there. The middle of the
side faces the viewer with the axis on either edge. On a compound
profile or a group the graphics go on the longest contour.
- three-d: with Revolve::map_surface set, side faces carry a
SurfaceCell (corners on the page and on the unrolled side, whether
the outside faces the viewer) and a closed profile off the axis
takes an anchor where its side is cut; without it the faces are as
before. revolve_surface_size gives the side's size for a new
graphic's fit.
- effects: Revolve takes `graphics` (front only); surface_parts cuts
and maps them per face; curves are cut into straight pieces one at
a time, and commands refuse graphics past the point limits;
switching between Extrude, Plane and Revolve keeps the front's
graphics.
- The Materials tab hides Face for Revolve; params text, docs/mcp.md,
docs/three-d.md and the progress docs describe the change.
- i18n: the complete-message catalogs translate the three new
refusals in place of the planar-faces refusal they replace, and ja,
es, zh-hans and zh-hant translate the Materials tab's label.
Mesh export checked the object's solids together by building all of them
before the first mesh. It now builds and counts each solid as the loop
reaches it, so a mesh past the triangle budget stops the export before
the solids after it are built.
Validation built the Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate solids from the
stored shape, while drawing, Export 3D Object and Expand as Wireframes
build them after the geometry effects before the 3D effect. A Transform
effect with copies before Extrude & Bevel could pass the check and then
draw the source art. Validation now reshapes the object, the fill or
stroke, or a group's members with those effects first.
validate_three_d_at and validate_three_d_at_in take the effect's index
for an effect on the object too, so an edit checks the effects before
that effect, and effect.apply checks a new effect after the others.
Extrude & Bevel (both kinds) and Inflate built every fill and stroke
solid of an object, each up to 163,840 faces, before any check, so one
effect on a path with many strokes or a group with many members could
build several times that. The solids are now built in order and their
faces counted together: once they pass 163,840 (VectorCraft's own
limit), no later solid is built, the object draws its source art, and
effect.apply, effect.setParams, Export 3D Object and Expand as
Wireframes report "The 3D surface is too complex; simplify the shape".
A stroke left out for its own limits is not counted.
Export 3D Object now builds Extrude & Bevel (Classic) meshes with the
Classic bevel options, so the exported solid matches the drawn one.
A solid now shares its mapped graphics only with the run of solids just
before it that have the same opacity and blending mode. Before, it
joined any earlier solid with the same settings, so with members A, B
and C where A and C match, A's graphic was drawn after C and over B.
The Materials tab shows no artboard handles for graphics on a hidden
fill or stroke, which draws no solid and no graphics.
docs/three-d.md now says that pattern tiles in a graphic keep their own
colors instead of taking the face's light.
A 3D effect left an image in a clipping group out only when the image's
box missed the clipping path's box. An image in the corner of a round
clip's box, a turned image whose box reaches a clip but whose frame does
not, an image in an even-odd hole, or one inside each of two nested clips
but outside the area they show together was refused with the Image Trace
message, although it draws nothing.
The image's frame, the pixel rectangle as its transform places it, is now
cut to every clipping path around it in turn, each with its own fill rule,
and the image is left out when nothing is left. An image the clips show
any part of, a strip narrower than a hundredth of a point included, is
still refused. One effect's art cuts image frames at most 1,024 times;
past that, or when a cut fails, the art is refused.
With a 3D effect on one fill or stroke, the object's other fills and
strokes were drawn as nonzero paths, so an even-odd compound path or
path filled its holes in them. Extrude & Bevel, Inflate, Rotate,
Revolve and their Classic kinds now draw those items with the source's
fill rule, through the group code's shape_node helper.
- a_faces_seam_stays_within_half_its_width_of_the_face checks Rotate
(Classic)'s branches too: No Shading keeps its paint, a gradient keeps
the gradient, and Diffuse shades its plane darker at some view.
- classic_revolves_seams_are_round checks each seam's reach as well as
its join, and covers a gradient.
- The Wireframe edge takes seam_stroke (the same stroke it built by hand).
- Docs: which seams went from miter to round and which already were;
the white-light difference from the 2026-10-17 comparison is expected,
not measured; the 3D area rows record the change; the performance note
says its measurement predates the Classic Rotate and Revolve paths.
- Under a perspective, the shared 400,000-element limit of a 3D effect's graphics now counts
what each path draws once mapped: a straight side stays one element, and only curves count
as their 8 pieces. Two copies of a 30,000-sided polygon now both draw. The symbol check
counts the same way, and without a perspective it counts each curve once.
- The Materials tab's handles on the artboard are hidden while a geometry effect (such as
Transform) comes after the 3D effect of a selected object, since that effect draws the
graphics away from the handles.
- A press on the canvas while its context menu is open only closes the menu, and no longer
grabs a graphic's handle.
- A symbol instance inside a graphic's art shows its changes to a dynamic symbol, and a symbol
with 9-slice guides is placed through them, as the canvas draws the instance. Paths that
cross a guide are cut at it.
Each 3D facet is stroked with a narrow seam of its own paint (0.05 to
0.75 pt; Revolve's is always 0.75 pt) so neighboring facets meet without
an antialiasing hairline. In Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate under a
white light, and in every face of the 3D (Classic) effects (Extrude &
Bevel, Rotate and Revolve (Classic); shaded, No Shading, gradient and
pattern alike), that seam kept the default Miter Join with its limit
of 10. Revolve's seams and the colored-light seams
were already round. A facet seen almost edge-on is a sharp sliver, and
its mitered seam reached up to ten times its half-width past the facet's
tip: thorns of up to 3.75 pt past the solid, along the tops of type seen
tilted and at every edge-on bevel facet.
#2706 (multiple lights) deliberately kept white-light seam joins as they
were, so that legacy white-light output stayed byte-identical to main
(its comment "Preserve existing white-light paints, alpha composition and
seam joins exactly", and four PNGs compared byte for byte). That kept
the thorns too. This change reverses that one part on purpose: the
paints and alpha composition stay exactly as #2706 left them; only the
join changes.
- Outputs change, the document model doesn't. Exports draw the new
joins (SVG writes stroke-linejoin="round", PDF and .ai draw round
joins), and Expand Appearance writes round seams into the document.
But nothing a document stores selects the join, and the format is
unchanged, so there is no version gate: an old file drawn now simply
has no thorns.
- Round joins. Projected facets rarely have right-angle corners (a
square seen at an angle is a parallelogram with acute corners, and an
exact 90° corner sits at a √2 limit), and round is what the seams of
colored lights and Revolve already draw. The cost: where a facet has
no neighbor (Rotate's plane, every silhouette corner) its convex
corners are drawn rounded by up to 0.375 pt instead of sharp.
Alternatives weighed and not taken: a Miter Join with a limit near √2
at every seam, the composed clip included, which would bevel slivers
but chamfer most projected corners as well; and seaming only the edges
facets share, or clipping facets to their union as solid_surface
does, which would keep every outer corner sharp but means a new
geometry pass for every 3D effect. Round is the smallest change that
matches the seams already drawn.
- A seam no longer reaches past its facet by more than half its width,
so the art's visual bounds shrink by up to 3.375 pt where a thorn
stood (10 × 0.375 less the 0.375 a round seam still reaches).
White-light output is no longer byte-identical to #2706's comparison;
docs/3d-lighting-performance.md says so.
Every seam stroke is made by lighting::seam_stroke. The colored clip in
composed_art already outlined its seam with round joins and is
unchanged. Tests: every seam of Extrude & Bevel, Extrude & Bevel (Classic, each
branch), Rotate (Classic), Inflate and Rotate, under white and colored
light, has round joins and reaches no more than half its width past its
face, at views that make a sliver; Revolve (Classic)'s seams are round
on each surface; a mitered seam fails them, and so does the legacy
white-light Inflate test, which now expects Round.
Under a perspective, a piece of a graphic's curve that lies in front of the eye while one of its control points does not is halved until its control points map, instead of dropping the piece. A curve that dips behind the eye between the ends of its pieces is still clipped. The extra pieces count toward the effect's element limit, and a path that passes the limit is not sent to the clipping.
- The graphics of one 3D effect share one limit on drawn path elements
across every member and opacity group, so a group effect with many
members no longer multiplies the limit.
- Copy and paste follow the symbols that mapped graphics name, in object
and graphic style appearances: a document without the symbol gets it,
and one whose symbol of the same name is other art gets the copied
symbol under a free name, which the graphic then names.
- A face's inverse map refuses the points its page map refuses, so a
handle drag cannot save an offset whose handle is not shown.
- A press on a graphic's handle with Space held, or with the Hand, Zoom
or Rotate View tool, pans, zooms or turns the view.
- A handle drag ends, keeping its preview, when the selection or the
document changes while the pointer is down.
Under a colored light a surface in a gradient with transparent stops carries an
opacity mask. A graphic drawn on such a cap now takes that mask, and each such
solid gets a graphic of its own, so a graphic is hidden where its cap is.
The Materials tab of the 3D and Materials panel lists the document's
graphics (symbols). Add as Single Graphic keeps the selected art as a
new symbol (threeD.addGraphic), and clicking a thumbnail maps it onto
the front of each selected object's 3D effect (threeD.mapGraphic) in
one undo step. The tab lists the mapped graphics with Face, X, Y, Scale
and Rotation and Remove Graphic, and a handle on the artboard drags a
graphic over its face.
The graphics are the new `graphics` parameter of threeD.extrude and
threeD.rotate: drawn on Extrude & Bevel's front and back caps and on
the Plane type, turned, foreshortened, twisted and tapered with the
face, shaded with its light and clipped to it. Symbol renames follow
into the graphics, and Select All Unused counts a symbol a graphic uses.
Docs: docs/mcp.md, docs/three-d.md, docs/effects-parity.md.
A layer expanded to its edges keeps the paths made into guides inside it, as it keeps its ruler
guides. A clipping group with Revolve and Rotate is cut for Revolve, the effect the canvas draws,
so its fills go in one piece and art with more fills than a 3D effect takes still expands.
With two 3D effects on an object, the geometry effects after the first one
reshaped the edges, even when the second one (Revolve, which is drawn first)
built the faces. A geometry effect between the two then moved the profile and
the edges both. The edges now take only the effects after the 3D effect that
built them.
A live-effect plug-in after a fill's or stroke's 3D effect (Extrude & Bevel,
Inflate, Rotate or Revolve) that links its pieces to a swatch or pattern was
run without the document, so its result was refused and the edges kept the
shape before it. The document now goes to those effects, as it does for the
effects after an object's 3D effect.
- Expanding a layer removed its ruler guides with its members. The guides
of the layer and of its sublayers now stay on the layer, after the edges.
- Geometry effects after a 3D effect reshaped all the faces as one path, so
Offset Path merged faces that touch. Each effect now reshapes each face on
its own, about the bounds of all the faces, within one shared budget of
anchors, as it reshapes the drawn surface.
Docs: docs/mcp.md.
effect.expandAsWireframes returned "draws no faces" for an object with
Revolve (Classic). It now takes the faces of Revolve (Classic) with that
effect's own options, and Rotate (Classic) is expanded as Rotate is: every
fill and stroke turned as one plane.
Docs: docs/mcp.md, docs/three-d.md.
With Extrude & Bevel, Extrude & Bevel (Classic) or Inflate on a group
or an object with fills and strokes, a solid whose gradient has
transparent stops carries an opacity mask, and it was drawn as one
whole surface in the order of the members. It could cover a solid in
front of it or hide behind one it is in front of. Its faces now take
their places in the one back-to-front order of every solid's faces, in
runs that each carry the solid's opacity mask. A run splits only where
a face drawn after it overlaps the next face.
Effect › 3D and Materials › 3D (Classic) › Rotate (Classic)… turns every
fill and stroke as one flat plane, as Rotate does, and shades it with the
classic No Shading or Diffuse surface.
- `effect.apply` with `threeD.classicRotate`: the Position rotation and
Perspective, `surface` (`none` or `diffuse`), the classic lights,
Ambient Light, Blend Steps and Shading Color. It has no highlight, no
Draw Hidden Faces and no shadow.
- The dialog shows Position on the Rotation tab and the surface and
lights on the Lighting tab, with no Object tab.
- Groups and layers turn about one shared center, and the effect also
goes on a fill or stroke, as Rotate's does.
- `effect.lightingPreset` refuses it, as it refuses the other classic
3D effects.
- Unknown parameters, numbers out of range, bad flags, a surface other
than No Shading or Diffuse and bad shading colors are refused with an
error.
Effect › 3D and Materials › 3D (Classic) › Revolve (Classic)… sweeps the
profile round a vertical axis, as Revolve does, and draws every face with
the Wireframe, No Shading, Diffuse and Plastic surfaces of Extrude & Bevel
(Classic).
- `effect.apply` with `threeD.classicRevolve`: Angle (0 to 360), Cap,
Offset (0 to 1000 pt) from the left or right edge of the profile's
bounds, the Position rotation and Perspective, and the classic lights,
Ambient Light, highlight, Blend Steps and Shading Color.
- Groups and layers revolve about one shared axis, and the effect also
goes on a fill or stroke, as Revolve's does.
- `effect.lightingPreset` refuses it, as it refuses Extrude & Bevel
(Classic).
- Revolve faces carry their view-space normal, and
`three_d::revolve_facets` hands them to the classic surface code.
- Unknown parameters, numbers out of range and bad flags, edges,
surfaces and colors are refused with an error.
Window > 3D and Materials > Quick Actions > Expand as Wireframes, and the
command effect.expandAsWireframes, replace each selected object that has a
visible 3D effect (Extrude & Bevel, Extrude & Bevel (Classic), Revolve,
Inflate or Rotate) with a group of paths: the edges of the faces the effect
draws for the object as it is turned and projected now.
- Each edge appears once. Edges that meet end to end form one path, closed
where it comes back to its start, and curved edges stay curves. Geometry
effects after the 3D effect reshape the edges as they reshape the drawn
surface.
- The paths have a 0.5 pt black stroke with round joins and no fill. The
group keeps the object's id, name, transparency, attributes, slice and
text wrap, and is selected. A layer stays a layer holding the edges.
- It is one undo step. Nothing selected, no visible 3D effect, a solid that
can't be built or is drawn as its source art, or more than 1,000,000 edges
in one object is an error, and the document does not change.
Docs: docs/mcp.md, docs/three-d.md, docs/effects-parity.md,
docs/target-app-parity.md.
Fixes#6354
Revolve, Extrude & Bevel, Inflate and Rotate take a Shadows switch on the
Lighting tab, with Position (Behind Object or Below Object), Distance from
Object (0 to 100%) and Shadow Bounds (10 to 400%), saved in the effect as
shadow, shadowPosition, shadowDistance and shadowBounds.
With shadows on, the first light casts a hard-edged vector shadow of the
solid: every face of every solid of the object projected along the light
onto a plane behind the object (square to the view) or below it (square to
its own vertical axis and turned with it), filled black with the nonzero
rule at 50% times the opacity of the art that casts it, in that art's
blending mode, and drawn behind the solids. Distance moves the plane away
by a share of the object's largest size; Bounds ends the plane at a square
about the foot of the object's center, four times that size across at
100%. No shadow is drawn while Shading is off, when the first light's
intensity is 0, or when it does not reach the plane. A member's opacity
mask and blending mode apply to the part of the shadow it casts. A shadow
is cast from at most 327,680 faces; past that, commands are refused and a
loaded file draws the source path. The canvas, SVG and PDF exports draw the
shadow, and Expand Appearance keeps it as a path. Values out of range are
refused before the document changes.
Docs: docs/three-d.md, docs/mcp.md, docs/effects-parity.md and the
docs/target-app-parity.md evidence list.
Extrude & Bevel (both kinds) and Inflate drew the faces of the fill's
solid and the stroke's solid in one order by each face's center depth.
At a concave corner a long fill wall could sort after a stroke wall in
front of it, so stripes of the fill showed through the stroke.
- Facets now record whether they are side faces (walls, bevels,
Inflate's sides) and whether they are turned away from the viewer.
- With caps on, each fill side face turned toward the viewer is drawn
before every face of the same shape's stroke whose bounds overlap
it, for strokes whose solid hides the fill's whole edge: a closed
shape, a width, no dashes, width profile or brush, and a solid color
or a gradient without transparent stops. Caps, other shapes in a
group, hollow effects and translucent or blended surfaces keep their
order.
Docs: docs/three-d.md (Fills and strokes), docs/target-app-parity.md.
Ruler guides were a list kept beside the layers. Each guide is now an
object of its layer or sublayer, always directly in it and above the
layer's art. These behave as on main:
- Guides draw on screen only. Exports (SVG, PDF, PNG, PSD), Fit All,
Select All, the art bounds, clicks and marquees, and a layer's
Pathfinder and Transform effects leave them out. The Layers panel
lists them as guide rows of their layer, the highest guide.list
index first.
- Deleting a layer deletes its guides, and merging layers keeps their
guides in the merged layer.
- The guide commands number guides as guide.list does, in the order
they were made.
New: each guide takes an id from the document's object ids. An object
command given a guide's id fails with an error, and node.move cannot
put a guide into a group or out of its layers. A guide made while an
opacity mask, a symbol or a pattern is edited moves to the top
visible, unlocked layer when editing ends.
File format: native files still save the guides in the document's
guides list, in every file version, so older builds read them. Each
entry may now also carry the guide's id, name, locked and hidden
flags; older builds ignore those fields. Opening a file puts each
saved guide on its layer (on the top visible, unlocked layer when the
file names none or a layer it does not have), and each saved guide
counts against the object limit for opening a file. A ruler guide node
that a file holds below a layer's art moves up to the layer's guides,
and one anywhere else (in a group or another object, beside the
layers, or in a symbol) is removed. Ruler guides read from an .ai file
become guide objects on the layer they were on, numbered in the order
the file lists them.
The blending-mode test for a member of a 3D group now checks that every face of the multiplied member, and no face of the other member, is drawn inside the Multiply group, telling the members apart by height. Before, it only checked that some faces were multiplied and some were not, so it also passed when the mode went to the wrong member.
On a group, these effects drew every member's solids in Normal mode: only
an opacity mask on a member or on a group inside the 3D group was applied
to the solids it holds. A member's blending mode, and that of a group
inside the 3D group, now apply the same way, to the solids of the members
it holds together. Group Revolve already did this.
dotCooCoo