i18n: add Hindi interface and message catalog

ROADMAP.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 **Stage: alpha** · next: beta, ~13 points (ready for real work ~62% → ~75%, and reliable `.ai` exchange) and ~170–270 h away
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-05 · **Change:** minor (Compound Shapes add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; Contour add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; new gradients follow document color mode; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-06 · **Change:** minor (Hindi catalog draft complete under the translation tests; contributor loanword terminology reviewed; wider proofreading welcome; Compound Shapes add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; Contour add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; new gradients follow document color mode; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
 
 VectorCraft is a clean-room, open-source, pure-Rust reimplementation of the Adobe Illustrator workflow. It runs
 on macOS, Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and the web (WASM), and agents can drive all of it over MCP, the CLI and a JSON
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Weights, evidence and the missing items per area: [target-app-parity.md](docs/ta
 | English | `en` | full | 100% |
 | Simplified Chinese | `zh-hans` | partial (messages in English) | 85% |
 | Spanish | `es` | full | 100% |
-| Hindi | `hi` | none | 0% |
+| Hindi | `hi` | catalog complete; machine-assisted draft, native review pending | complete under the scanner |
 | Arabic | `ar` | none (no right-to-left interface) | 0% |
 | French | `fr` | full | 100% |
 | Portuguese (Brazil) | `pt-br` | full | 100% |
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ The full earlier record of what landed is kept in [docs/roadmap.md](docs/roadmap
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
+| 2026-11-06 | minor | Hindi (`hi`): 7,877-row machine-assisted catalog, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Devanagari craft-fonts fallback; all 55 translation tests pass; native review and a web font remain; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-11-05 | minor | Progress log row for the Type Tools add-on's Release Type on a Path (#5532); headline numbers unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-03 | minor | Progress log row for the Type Tools add-on's Text Tweaker (#4924); headline numbers unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-02 | minor | Closed font-family fields accept wheel input for selected text in Character, Properties and Control (#5253); scores and estimates unchanged. |

crates/text/src/fontdb/names.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub const THAI_FAMILIES: &[&str] = &[
 ];
 
 /// The families tried first for character `c`, in a script whose text only fonts made for it set
-/// well (Thai, Lao, Khmer, Myanmar); none for other characters.
+/// well (Thai, Lao, Khmer, Myanmar, Devanagari); none for other characters.
 pub(super) fn script_families(c: char) -> &'static [&'static str] {
     use unicode_script::{Script, UnicodeScript};
     match c.script() {
@@ -35,6 +35,15 @@ pub(super) fn script_families(c: char) -> &'static [&'static str] {
         Script::Lao => &["Lao UI", "Leelawadee UI", "Lao Sangam MN", "Noto Sans Lao", "Noto Sans Lao UI", "Phetsarath OT"],
         Script::Khmer => &["Khmer UI", "Khmer Sangam MN", "Noto Sans Khmer", "Noto Sans Khmer UI", "Khmer OS"],
         Script::Myanmar => &["Myanmar Text", "Myanmar Sangam MN", "Noto Sans Myanmar", "Noto Sans Myanmar UI", "Padauk"],
+        Script::Devanagari => &[
+            "Nirmala UI",
+            "Kohinoor Devanagari",
+            "Devanagari Sangam MN",
+            "Noto Sans Devanagari",
+            "Noto Sans Devanagari UI",
+            "Lohit Devanagari",
+            "Mangal",
+        ],
         _ => &[],
     }
 }
@@ -138,6 +147,14 @@ pub(super) fn norm(s: &str) -> String {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    /// Devanagari takes a font made for it, not whichever face covering it loaded first.
+    #[test]
+    fn devanagari_prefers_fonts_made_for_it() {
+        assert_eq!(script_families('ह').first(), Some(&"Nirmala UI"));
+        assert!(script_families('ह').contains(&"Noto Sans Devanagari"));
+        assert!(script_families('a').is_empty());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn a_name_table_of_many_records_is_cut_short() {
         let many: Vec<(u16, &str)> = (0..2000).map(|_| (1, "Short")).collect();

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ fn plural_czech(n: u64) -> usize {
     }
 }
 
-/// French: 0 and 1 are `one` (« 0 calque »), everything else `other`.
+/// French and Hindi integer counts: 0 and 1 are `one`, everything else `other`.
 fn plural_french(n: u64) -> usize {
     usize::from(n > 1)
 }
@@ -97,8 +97,18 @@ fn plural_polish(n: u64) -> usize {
 }
 
 /// The registry. English first: it is the fallback and the source language.
-pub static LANGUAGES: [LangInfo; 27] = [
+pub static LANGUAGES: [LangInfo; 28] = [
     LangInfo { code: "en", name: "English", source: "", plural: plural_one_other, complete_menus: false, catalog: OnceLock::new() },
+    // Hindi shares the integer zero/one rule with French. Desktop UI fonts are loaded lazily
+    // from installed faces by ui_fonts; the web needs a Devanagari font in its font set.
+    LangInfo {
+        code: "hi",
+        name: "हिन्दी",
+        source: include_str!("i18n/hi.tsv"),
+        plural: plural_french,
+        complete_menus: true,
+        catalog: OnceLock::new(),
+    },
     // Greek: the whole interface and the status and error messages, keeping the same names in
     // English as Spanish; every `el-*` locale (including `el-GR` and `el-CY`) resolves here.
     LangInfo {

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,35 @@ use super::*;
 
 const ZH: fn() -> Lang = || Lang::from_code("zh-hant").expect("zh-hant registered");
 
+#[test]
+fn hindi_resolves_locales_and_uses_zero_one_plurals() {
+    let hi = Lang::from_code("hi").expect("hi registered");
+    for tag in ["hi", "hi-IN", "hi_IN.UTF-8", "HI-in", "hi-Deva-IN"] {
+        assert_eq!(lang_from_tag(tag), Some(hi), "{tag}");
+    }
+    assert_eq!(hi.name(), "हिन्दी");
+    assert_eq!([0, 1, 2, 21, u64::MAX].map(hi.0.plural), [0, 0, 1, 1, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(tr(hi, "Save"), "सेव");
+    assert_eq!(tr(hi, "Save As…"), "सेव ऐज़…");
+    assert_eq!(tr(hi, "Path"), "पाथ");
+    assert_eq!(tr(hi, "Selection"), "सिलेक्शन");
+    assert_eq!(tr(hi, "Properties"), "प्रॉपर्टीज़");
+    assert_eq!(tr(hi, "Options"), "ऑप्शन्स");
+    assert_eq!(tr(hi, "Open"), "ओपन");
+    let (entries, errors) = parse_entries(hi.0.source);
+    assert!(errors.is_empty(), "{errors:?}");
+    for (ctx, src, translation) in entries.iter().filter(|(ctx, _, _)| ctx == "@plural" || ctx == "@msgplural") {
+        let (one, other) = src.split_once('|').expect("one|other source");
+        let forms: Vec<_> = translation.split('|').collect();
+        assert_eq!(forms.len(), 2, "{ctx}: {src}");
+        if ctx == "@plural" {
+            for (n, index) in [(0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 1), (21, 1)] {
+                assert_eq!(trn(hi, n, one, other), forms[index].replace("{n}", &n.to_string()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Locale tags name their language by region or script (in either case, with an encoding or
 /// modifier), and a tag that names no language resolves to none.
 #[test]
@@ -404,6 +433,11 @@ fn is_georgian(c: char) -> bool {
     matches!(c as u32, 0x10A0..=0x10FF | 0x1C90..=0x1CBF | 0x2D00..=0x2D2F)
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "interface-fonts")]
+fn is_devanagari(c: char) -> bool {
+    matches!(c as u32, 0x0900..=0x097F | 0x1CD0..=0x1CFF | 0xA8E0..=0xA8FF)
+}
+
 /// The UI fonts draw every character the catalogs use, in every family the UI draws text with
 /// (the web build has no system fonts to fall back to). Chinese and Japanese characters come from
 /// the craft-fonts build input, which is optional: without it they are left to the installed
@@ -416,6 +450,7 @@ fn is_georgian(c: char) -> bool {
 fn bundled_fonts_cover_the_catalogs() {
     let japanese_ui_font = vectorcraft_text::CRAFT_FONTS.iter().any(|f| f.is_japanese());
     let georgian_ui_font = vectorcraft_text::CRAFT_FONTS.iter().any(|f| f.is_georgian());
+    let devanagari_ui_font = vectorcraft_text::CRAFT_FONTS.iter().any(|f| f.scripts.contains(&"Deva"));
     let ctx = egui::Context::default();
     crate::theme::install_fonts(&ctx);
     let mut output = ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput::default(), |_| {});
@@ -434,7 +469,12 @@ fn bundled_fonts_cover_the_catalogs() {
             let chars: std::collections::BTreeSet<char> = entries
                 .iter()
                 .flat_map(|(_, _, tr)| tr.chars())
-                .filter(|c| !c.is_whitespace() && (cjk_checked || !is_cjk(*c)) && (georgian_ui_font || !is_georgian(*c)))
+                .filter(|c| {
+                    !c.is_whitespace()
+                        && (cjk_checked || !is_cjk(*c))
+                        && (georgian_ui_font || !is_georgian(*c))
+                        && (devanagari_ui_font || !is_devanagari(*c))
+                })
                 .collect();
             for family in &families {
                 let font = egui::FontId::new(13.0, family.clone());
@@ -1082,8 +1122,8 @@ fn cs() -> Lang {
 }
 
 /// Languages whose catalogs leave [`MENU_KEEP_AS_IS`] in English.
-const KEEPS_MENU_NAMES: [&str; 19] =
-    ["cs", "de", "el", "es", "fr", "hu", "it", "ja", "ka", "ko", "pl", "pt-br", "ru", "sv", "uk", "vi", "fi", "tr", "ca"];
+const KEEPS_MENU_NAMES: [&str; 20] =
+    ["cs", "de", "el", "es", "fr", "hi", "hu", "it", "ja", "ka", "ko", "pl", "pt-br", "ru", "sv", "uk", "vi", "fi", "tr", "ca"];
 
 /// Menu labels the menu-complete catalogs (Czech, German, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese) show as they are: the product name, a format name, the built-in workspace
 /// names and the perspective grid presets (names, shown untranslated wherever else they appear).
@@ -2024,8 +2064,9 @@ fn shared_param_check_errors_show_their_values_as_given() {
 
 /// Languages whose catalogs translate status and error messages; [`untranslated_report`] lists
 /// the messages each one lacks.
-const COMPLETE_MESSAGES: &[&str] =
-    &["cs", "de", "el", "es", "fr", "hu", "it", "ja", "ka", "ko", "pl", "pt-br", "ru", "sv", "uk", "vi", "zh-hans", "zh-hant", "fi", "tr", "ca"];
+const COMPLETE_MESSAGES: &[&str] = &[
+    "cs", "de", "el", "es", "fr", "hi", "hu", "it", "ja", "ka", "ko", "pl", "pt-br", "ru", "sv", "uk", "vi", "zh-hans", "zh-hant", "fi", "tr", "ca",
+];
 
 /// Crates whose error and status messages reach the status bar.
 const MESSAGE_CRATES: &[&str] = &["ui-egui", "engine", "doc", "format", "svg", "pdf", "eps", "text", "plugins", "metafile", "cad", "trace"];

crates/ui-egui/src/theme.rs

@@ -563,18 +563,19 @@ pub(crate) fn craft_font_name(f: &vectorcraft_text::CraftFont) -> String {
     format!("craft-fonts {} {}", f.family, f.style)
 }
 
-/// The Japanese and Georgian craft-fonts faces (when built with `CRAFT_FONTS_DIR`) as fallbacks at
+/// The Japanese, Georgian and Devanagari craft-fonts faces (when built with `CRAFT_FONTS_DIR`) as fallbacks at
 /// the end of every family, after the app's own fonts and before the installed fonts `ui_fonts`
 /// adds: BIZ UDPGothic first (bold first in the semibold family), then the Mincho faces, then Noto
 /// Sans Georgian.
 fn add_craft_fonts(fonts: &mut FontDefinitions) {
-    for f in vectorcraft_text::CRAFT_FONTS.iter().filter(|f| f.is_japanese() || f.is_georgian()) {
+    for f in vectorcraft_text::CRAFT_FONTS.iter().filter(|f| f.is_japanese() || f.is_georgian() || f.scripts.contains(&"Deva")) {
         fonts.font_data.insert(craft_font_name(f), Arc::new(FontData::from_static(f.bytes)));
     }
     for (family, stack) in fonts.families.iter_mut() {
         let bold = *family == FontFamily::Name(FONT_UI_SEMIBOLD.into());
         stack.extend(vectorcraft_text::craft_fonts::japanese_ui_fonts(bold).into_iter().map(craft_font_name));
         stack.extend(vectorcraft_text::craft_fonts::georgian_ui_fonts().into_iter().map(craft_font_name));
+        stack.extend(vectorcraft_text::CRAFT_FONTS.iter().filter(|f| f.scripts.contains(&"Deva")).map(craft_font_name));
     }
 }
 

crates/ui-egui/src/ui_fonts.rs

@@ -173,6 +173,31 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(fonts.pending.is_none() && fonts.added.is_empty());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn hindi_ui_loads_a_devanagari_fallback_in_every_family() {
+        if FontDb::global().face_covering('ह').is_none() {
+            eprintln!("skipped: install a Devanagari font to check the native Hindi UI fallback");
+            return;
+        }
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        crate::theme::install_fonts(&ctx);
+        let mut fonts = UiFonts::default();
+        // Conjuncts, pre-base matras, reph, nukta and mixed Latin/numeric labels.
+        let text = "हिन्दी क्षि त्रि क्रि प्रिंट फ़ाइल लेयर RGB 123";
+        frame(&ctx, &mut fonts, text);
+        fonts.finish(&ctx);
+        frame(&ctx, &mut fonts, text);
+        let families: Vec<_> = ctx.fonts(|f| f.definitions().families.keys().cloned().collect());
+        for family in families {
+            let id = FontId::new(13.0, family.clone());
+            for c in text.chars().filter(|c| !c.is_whitespace()) {
+                assert!(ctx.fonts_mut(|f| f.has_glyph(&id, c)), "{family:?}: missing {c}");
+            }
+            let galley = ctx.fonts_mut(|f| f.layout_no_wrap(text.into(), id, egui::Color32::WHITE));
+            assert!(galley.rect.width().is_finite() && galley.rect.width() > 0.0);
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn japanese_renders_with_the_craft_fonts_without_installed_fonts() {
         if !vectorcraft_text::CRAFT_FONTS.iter().any(|f| f.is_japanese()) {

docs/development.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Development
 
+> **Last updated:** 2026-11-06 · **Change:** Hindi catalog and zero/one plural rule; desktop Devanagari fallback and optional craft-fonts UI face; native review pending.
 > **Last updated:** 2026-11-01 · **Change:** Linux: Automatic Linux Display Server opens the window through XWayland when a pen is attached on a Wayland session, so the pen draws (#4967); `VECTORCRAFT_NATIVE_WAYLAND=1` keeps Wayland.
 > **Last updated:** 2026-10-31 · **Change:** files opened while the app runs open in its window on Windows and Linux (#4892); `--new-instance`.
 > **Last updated:** 2026-10-29 · **Change:** Linux clipboard: the Flatpak on GNOME copies and pastes text through the core Wayland protocol.
@@ -232,6 +233,11 @@ another craft-fonts face on the web, add a line to `web-fonts.txt`.
 
 ## Localisation
 
+Hindi (`hi`, हिन्दी): complete machine-assisted catalog; every `hi-*` locale resolves here, with
+0 and 1 singular and 2+ plural. Desktop text uses an installed Devanagari font or an embedded
+craft-fonts face tagged `Deva`. The web needs that font supplied separately. Native wording
+review is pending; see [Hindi terminology and checks](localization-hi.md).
+
 Strings in code stay English and are the default lookup keys. `crates/ui-egui/src/i18n` maps them to display
 text at render time from one catalog per language (`i18n/<code>.tsv`; the format is documented in the header of
 `zh-hant.tsv`). Command ids, menu paths used for logic, `ui.menu.list`, the control channel, the CLI and MCP
@@ -500,6 +506,7 @@ Scores and hour estimates are unchanged.
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
+| 2026-11-06 | minor | Localisation: Hindi catalog, zero/one plurals, desktop and web font requirements; AI/MT draft, native review pending. |
 | 2026-10-31 | minor | Files opened while the app runs open in its window on Windows and Linux (#4892); `--new-instance` opts out. |
 | 2026-10-29 | minor | Linux clipboard: core Wayland protocol text fallback where arboard has neither data-control nor X11 (the Flatpak on GNOME).; its reads wait 2 s at most. |
 | 2026-10-29 | minor | Linux clipboard: a clipboard arboard can't open is retried after 1 s doubling to 60 s and logged once, instead of every 250 ms. |

docs/gaps.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Gaps
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-05 · **Change:** minor (an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only where it shows (#4155); scores and estimates unchanged; a document's first frame renders on the render worker, so opening a heavy file no longer freezes the window; scores and estimates unchanged; large images in CMYK documents are shrunk before they are separated into ink planes (#4155); scores and estimates unchanged; `.ai` paths with a Calligraphic brush open brushed, with the 6D Art Pen's channels, and Windows reads the pen's tilt and barrel rotation, #372; scores and estimates unchanged; Compound Shapes add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; Contour add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; a slow first frame is waited for instead of restarting without the graphics adapter, and the menu bar no longer waits for the installed fonts' scan; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-06 · **Change:** minor (Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; agent wording pass complete; wider native proofreading welcome; an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only where it shows (#4155); scores and estimates unchanged; a document's first frame renders on the render worker, so opening a heavy file no longer freezes the window; scores and estimates unchanged; large images in CMYK documents are shrunk before they are separated into ink planes (#4155); scores and estimates unchanged; `.ai` paths with a Calligraphic brush open brushed, with the 6D Art Pen's channels, and Windows reads the pen's tilt and barrel rotation, #372; scores and estimates unchanged; Compound Shapes add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; Contour add-on, beyond Illustrator; scores and estimates unchanged; a slow first frame is waited for instead of restarting without the graphics adapter, and the menu bar no longer waits for the installed fonts' scan; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
 
 ## Feature submission evidence
 
@@ -705,11 +705,14 @@ from G14 and the budget run of G15: **~170–270 h** one agent, ~50–80 h wall
 
 ## G16 Localization: the three missing key languages
 
+- **Evidence (2026-11-06):** Hindi (`hi`): 7,877-row machine-assisted catalog, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Devanagari craft-fonts fallback; all 55 translation tests pass; native review and a web font remain; scores and estimates unchanged. See [Hindi notes](localization-hi.md).
+
 - **Evidence:** Brazilian Portuguese catalog complete under the tests (menus, literals, messages; one|other plurals; #1914). Vietnamese catalog complete under the tests (menus, literals, messages; one plural form). Czech render-site bypasses reduced in file dialogs, diagnostics, preset names and contributor tooltips; gradient grammar and printer-mark context corrected (see [localization-parity.md](localization-parity.md)). Native review and the remaining missing-language work remain.
 
-- **Missing:** Hindi, Arabic, Indonesian catalogs; a Korean UI font for the web build; a right-to-left interface and interface
-  shaping for Arabic and Devanagari; messages for Simplified Chinese; native review of
-  every catalog. Measured in [localization-parity.md](localization-parity.md).
+- **Missing:** Arabic catalog and right-to-left layout; current gaps in other catalogs and native
+  review; Hindi wording/layout review and a web Devanagari font; a Korean UI font for the web.
+  Hindi now has a catalog and the pinned egui fork shapes Devanagari. Indonesian already has a
+  catalog (see [localization-parity.md](localization-parity.md)); it is not an absent language.
 - **Estimate:** 50–85 h plus human review (Brazilian Portuguese completed 2026-10-14).
 
 ## G17 Ecosystem: third-party plug-ins
@@ -793,6 +796,7 @@ trap, and the defaults (0.25 pt, 100%, 40%) are VectorCraft's own, the pages giv
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
+| 2026-11-06 | minor | Hindi (`hi`): 7,877-row machine-assisted catalog, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Devanagari craft-fonts fallback; all 55 translation tests pass; native review and a web font remain; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-11-05 | minor | G15: nearby hits on plain long strokes and outlines check their candidate segments directly; a 200,000-anchor middle hit took about 11–13 ms before and 1.0–1.4 ms after in paired runs. An inside-bounds miss fell from 18.7 ms to 1.6 ms. Estimate unchanged; idle budget run still open. |
 | 2026-11-05 | minor | G15: an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only for the tiles in view (#4155); 100% zoom on that file 8.6 s → 0.05 s. Estimate unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-05 | minor | G15: a document's first frame renders on the render worker (#4155); the longest UI-thread stall opening that file went from 8.7 s to 64 ms. Estimate unchanged. |

docs/localization-hi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# Hindi interface terminology and verification
+
+The `hi` catalog is a machine-assisted Hindi draft written from VectorCraft's English strings.
+It starts from matching entries in PhotoCraft's clean-room Hindi catalog. VectorCraft's current
+loanword preferences below take precedence over that starting vocabulary.
+The remaining drafts used the local Argos English–Hindi 1.1 model, followed by an agent wording
+pass on commands, vector vocabulary, counted messages, warnings and diagnostic identifiers.
+The contributor is a native Hindi speaker and approved the loanword preferences below. This
+records terminology feedback, not an independent native proofread of every row. No proprietary
+localization resources were used; coverage tests alone do not establish translation quality.
+
+## Style
+
+Prefer familiar design-app loanwords, as requested by the contributor: Save is सेव, Save As is
+सेव ऐज़…, a vector path is पाथ (never पाठ), text is टेक्स्ट, a document is डॉक्यूमेंट,
+preview is प्रीव्यू and workspace is वर्कस्पेस. The contributor also approved सिलेक्शन,
+प्रॉपर्टीज़, ऑप्शन्स and ओपन. Keep Hindi sentence structure and auxiliaries;
+use सेव करें within a sentence. Keep nukta in फ़ाइल/फ़ॉन्ट/ज़ूम and -एँ in हटाएँ/दिखाएँ.
+Retain ASCII digits, unit symbols, keyboard shortcuts and product/format names. Command IDs,
+parameter names, enum values and numbers in diagnostics must stay exactly as supplied.
+Keep fragment edge spaces: the hint bar assembles sentences from separately translated pieces.
+The built-in workspace and perspective preset names stay in English, as in the other catalogs.
+
+Hindi integer counts use the first plural form for 0 and 1 and the second for 2+ (`plural_french`).
+Both `@plural` and `@msgplural` rows have two forms. The latter translate status messages when
+displayed; the engine, control channel and MCP continue to return English messages.
+
+## Terminology
+
+| English | Hindi |
+|---|---|
+| Layer / Layers | लेयर / लेयर्स |
+| Object | ऑब्जेक्ट |
+| Selection / Select | सिलेक्शन / सिलेक्ट |
+| Properties / Options / Open | प्रॉपर्टीज़ / ऑप्शन्स / ओपन |
+| Shape (vector) | शेप |
+| Shape (generic form) | आकार |
+| Artboard | आर्टबोर्ड |
+| Artwork | आर्टवर्क |
+| Path / Anchor point / Handle | पाथ / एंकर पॉइंट / हैंडल |
+| File path on disk | फ़ाइल पाथ |
+| Fill / Stroke | फ़िल / स्ट्रोक |
+| Gradient / Mesh / Blend | ग्रेडिएंट / मेश / ब्लेंड |
+| Pattern / Swatch | पैटर्न / स्वॉच |
+| Appearance / Graphic style | अपीयरेंस / ग्राफ़िक स्टाइल |
+| Symbol / Envelope | सिंबल / एन्वेलप |
+| Clipping mask / Opacity mask | क्लिपिंग मास्क / ओपेसिटी मास्क |
+| Image Trace / Live Paint | इमेज ट्रेस / लाइव पेंट |
+| Shape Builder / Pathfinder | शेप बिल्डर / पाथफ़ाइंडर |
+| Kerning / Leading / Tracking | कर्निंग / लीडिंग / ट्रैकिंग |
+| Character / Paragraph | कैरेक्टर / पैराग्राफ़ |
+| Save / Save As | सेव / सेव ऐज़… |
+| Document / Text | डॉक्यूमेंट / टेक्स्ट |
+| Preferences / Workspace | प्रेफ़रेंसेज़ / वर्कस्पेस |
+| Preview / Opacity | प्रीव्यू / ओपेसिटी |
+| W / H / X / Y | W / H / X / Y |
+
+## Scope and checks (2026-11-06)
+
+The draft has 7,877 unique rows, including 2,537 `@msg`, 45 `@msgplural` and 38 `@plural` rows.
+Its source set combines the sibling catalogs with the current test scanner's UI/undo and error
+message dumps, so it includes runtime labels outside the literal scanner. Row count is not a
+percentage of the application's entire interface.
+
+The comparison covers release `v0.21.1` (`f6aa4309`) and current `main` (`3c7d9e1f`). Their
+non-English catalogs have no missing Hindi keys except the names deliberately kept in English.
+A separate scan of the release's `tl!` literals checks strings beyond its catalogs. Current
+main added paragraph labels, spine-index validation and two error messages: six rows in total.
+Main's workspace version is still 0.21.0; this PR does not change release versioning.
+
+`cargo test -p vectorcraft-ui-egui --lib i18n::tests` passes all 55 tests in Ubuntu 24.04 (WSL).
+The untranslated report has no Hindi section, meaning it found no missing Hindi rows among the
+categories it checks. This does not check dynamically assembled strings that the scanners miss.
+Additional checks compare placeholders, backtick-delimited identifiers and numeric values.
+The native Hindi UI fallback test also passes with the installed Nirmala UI font. A running
+desktop preview was checked in Hindi, including the New Document dialog and File menu.
+The final `cargo xtask ci` passed all 12 stages in Ubuntu 24.04 (WSL): formatting, workspace
+clippy, workspace tests, doctests, no-bundled-fonts, PDF dependencies, assets, brands, cursors,
+the translation report, layers and WebAssembly. The language picker keeps each language's own
+name, including English; its native-menu regression passed with the final catalog.
+
+## Fonts and remaining review
+
+The pinned egui fork shapes Devanagari with HarfRust. The desktop's existing `UiFonts` loader
+finds an installed covering face, such as Nirmala UI, Kohinoor Devanagari or Noto Sans Devanagari.
+If a `CRAFT_FONTS_DIR` build includes a face tagged `Deva`, it is also installed at the end of
+each UI font family. No font binaries are added to this repository. Without either an embedded
+or installed covering face, Hindi cannot display correctly. The web has no system fonts and
+needs a Devanagari face supplied through craft-fonts; this catalog alone does not supply one.
+
+Before release: native-speaker review of the draft (especially less common labels and error
+messages), visual checks for clipped labels and matras at different UI scales, and a web-font
+build. Reviewers should use this glossary to make terminology corrections consistently.

docs/localization-parity.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Localization parity
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-10-31 · **Change:** minor (Brazilian Portuguese: 154 rows for the strings the sibling catalogs translate — smart-filter and print presets, dimension lines, swatches, canvas messages; previously minor: Bosnian (`bs`): complete catalog; previously minor: Vietnamese text: stacked diacritics tested and attach in every form, #4491; previously: Catalan (`ca`) catalog added, complete under the tests)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-06 · **Change:** minor (Hindi catalog draft complete under the translation tests; contributor loanword terminology reviewed; wider proofreading welcome; Brazilian Portuguese: 154 rows for the strings the sibling catalogs translate — smart-filter and print presets, dimension lines, swatches, canvas messages; previously minor: Bosnian (`bs`): complete catalog; previously minor: Vietnamese text: stacked diacritics tested and attach in every form, #4491; previously: Catalan (`ca`) catalog added, complete under the tests)
 
 Per-language status of VectorCraft's interface. How the catalogs work and how to add a language:
 [`development.md` › Localisation](development.md#localisation). Part of
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Chinese by `imachus`). Only Georgian is recorded as reviewed by a native speaker
 | English | `en` | source, 100% | all | Latin | — | full | — |
 | Simplified Chinese (Mandarin) | `zh-hans` | 5,102 rows, 791 of them `@msg` (counted 2026-10-21): menus, `tl!` literals and messages complete when counted | all | CJK UI font from craft-fonts (BIZ UDPGothic) when embedded, else a system font; IME with marked text at the caret; vertical type partial ([type-parity.md](type-parity.md)) | no | full | — (review) |
 | Spanish | `es` | 4,009 / 4,020 (99.7%) | all (604 messages) | Latin | no | full | — (review) |
-| Hindi | `hi` | 0 | none | Devanagari: the document's text shapes (HarfRust), with tests of conjuncts, reph, pre-base matras, nukta forms and caret stops that run when an OpenType Devanagari font is installed, but the egui interface does no complex shaping | no | none | 20–30 |
+| Hindi | `hi` | 7,877 rows (2026-11-06): 2,537 `@msg`, 45 `@msgplural`, 38 `@plural`; no gaps in the untranslated report | menus, dialogs, tooltips and scanned messages; contributor-approved loanword terminology; agent wording pass | UI and document text shape with HarfRust; installed desktop Devanagari fallback, or a `Deva` craft-fonts face; web font still needed | contributor terminology review; wider proofread welcome | complete catalog, machine-assisted draft | native review, layout and web font |
 | Arabic | `ar` | 0 | none | document text: bidi layout and Paragraph Direction; interface: no right-to-left layout, no Arabic shaping in egui | no | none | 25–40 |
 | French | `fr` | 4,020 / 4,020 (100%) | all | Latin | no | full | — (review) |
 | Portuguese | `pt-br` | 6,106 catalog entries (counted 2026-10-31 on `main` at `d26dd933a`): menus, `tl!` literals and messages complete when counted; one/other plurals | all | Latin | contributor is a Brazilian Portuguese speaker; further native review welcome | full | — (review) |
@@ -39,9 +39,10 @@ Chinese by `imachus`). Only Georgian is recorded as reviewed by a native speaker
 | Korean | `ko` | 4,870 rows (counted 2026-10-21): menus, `tl!` literals and messages complete when counted; one plural form | all | Hangul from an installed system font on the desktop (Apple SD Gothic Neo, Malgun Gothic, Noto Sans CJK KR…); the web build has no Korean UI font yet (craft-fonts); IME path exists | no (AI-drafted) | full | — (review; web font) |
 | Vietnamese | `vi` | 4,886 rows (counted 2026-10-21): menus, `tl!` literals and messages complete when counted; one plural form; 4,046 plain + 18 `@plural` + 28 contextual + 794 `@msg` | all | Latin with Vietnamese diacritics (stacked marks attach in precomposed, decomposed and keyboard forms, #4491; glyph tests pass) | contributor is a Vietnamese speaker; AI-assisted draft, further native review welcome | full | — (review) |
 
-**12-language score: ~82%** (equal weights: 100 + 85 + 100 + 0 + 0 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 98 + 100 + 100, over 12).
-**To `full` for all twelve: ~50–85 h**, most of it Arabic (right-to-left interface) and Hindi (interface
-shaping). Each new Latin-script catalog is ~4,000 rows; the existing ones were written in a few agent hours each
+**Historical 12-language score: ~82%** (equal weights: 100 + 85 + 100 + 0 + 0 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 98 + 100 + 100, over 12).
+**To `full` for all twelve: ~50–85 h** (historical estimate, not re-scored here). Hindi now has
+a complete catalog and UI shaping; its remaining work is native review, layout checking and the
+web font. Arabic still needs its catalog and right-to-left interface. Each new Latin-script catalog is ~4,000 rows; the existing ones were written in a few agent hours each
 plus review. Native-speaker review is human work and isn't in the hours.
 
 ## Other shipped languages
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ plus review. Native-speaker review is human work and isn't in the hours.
 | Indonesian | `id` | 5,531 rows, 788 of them `@msg` (counted 2026-10-28): menus and `tl!` literals complete when counted; its messages are partial; one plural form | full |
 | Catalan | `ca` | 5,626 rows, 881 of them `@msg` (counted 2026-10-28): menus, `tl!` literals and messages complete when counted; one/other plurals; every `ca-*` locale resolves here | full; AI-drafted, native review welcome |
 
-Twenty-five non-English catalogs in all. Illustrator, as its public documentation lists, ships around two dozen
+Twenty-seven non-English catalogs in all (registry count, 2026-11-06). Illustrator, as its public documentation lists, ships around two dozen
 interface languages (including Polish, Dutch, Turkish, the Nordic languages, Hungarian, and Middle East
 editions with Arabic and Hebrew); it doesn't ship Hindi, Indonesian or Vietnamese.
 
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ font for the web build.
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
+| 2026-11-06 | minor | Hindi (`hi`): 7,877-row machine-assisted catalog, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Devanagari craft-fonts fallback; all 55 translation tests pass; native review and a web font remain; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-10-30 | minor | Bosnian (`bs`, Latin, Ijekavian): complete catalog of 5,841 rows, every `bs-*` locale, one/few/other plurals; AI-assisted, not yet native-reviewed |
 | 2026-10-29 | minor | Vietnamese text: letters with two marks (Ể, Ứ, Ự) attach in precomposed, decomposed and keyboard forms, and a font lacking the marks falls back for the whole letter (#4491); scores unchanged |
 | 2026-10-28 | minor | Catalan (`ca`): complete catalog under the tests (menus, literals, messages; one/other plurals); every `ca-*` locale resolves here; AI-drafted, native review welcome. Added the Turkish and Indonesian rows the table was missing. Scores and estimates unchanged |
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ font for the web build.
 | 2026-10-15 | minor | Swedish (`sv`) catalog added, complete under the tests (menus, literals, messages; one/other plurals); every `sv-*` locale resolves to it; AI-drafted, native review welcome; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-10-14 | minor | Brazilian Portuguese (`pt-br`, #1914): catalog completed under the tests (menus, literals, messages); 12-language score 71% → 74%, hours 55–90 → 50–85 |
 | 2026-10-13 | minor | The Polish translator confirmed the Polish rows the maintainers had added after the catalog was written (#1614); Tool flyouts are as wide as their longest translated name and shortcut need, so names no longer run into shortcuts in Spanish and other languages (#1650, fixes #1616); scores and estimates unchanged |
-| 2026-10-13 | minor | Polish (`pl`, #1498): the row count is corrected to the 4,510 rows in `pl.tsv` (it said 4,492), 654 of them `@msg` rows; AI-drafted, native review pending; scores and estimates unchanged |
+| 2026-10-13 | minor | Polish (`pl`, #1498): the row count is corrected to the 4,510 rows in `pl.tsv` (it said 4,492), 654 of them `@msg` rows; AI-drafted, contributor loanword terminology reviewed; wider proofreading welcome; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-10-13 | minor | French: the 423 strings added since the catalog was last complete are translated, and 188 entries are reworded to the feature names French users know (#1511); Hungarian: one message uses the informal address like the rest of the interface (#1474); the entry counts in the tables are the earlier measurements; native review still pending; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-10-12 | minor | Vietnamese (`vi`) catalog added, complete under the tests (menus, literals, messages; one plural form); 12-language score 63% → 71%, hours 60–100 → 55–90 |
 | 2026-10-13 | minor | Czech: 128 more strings translated (tool names, PDF and Image Trace presets, pie graph options and others added since the catalog was completed; #1461); the entry count in the table is the 2026-10-11 measurement; native review still pending; scores and estimates unchanged |

docs/roadmap.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Roadmap: milestones and what's next
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-05 · **Change:** minor (Effect dialogs: a colour swatch beside a hex colour opens the Color Picker, #5365; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-06 · **Change:** minor (Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; full wording review in progress; Effect dialogs: a colour swatch beside a hex colour opens the Color Picker, #5365; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
 
 ## Feature submission evidence
 
@@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ Checked 2026-10-10 from the code, tests and open issues; no workflow fails, so V
 | Print production: CMYK and spot colour, bleed and marks, PDF/X out, separations preview | yes | PDF/X-1a/3/4, presets, marks and bleed, ICC output intent, Separations Preview, Print with PostScript output | 0 |
 | Exchange files with Illustrator users: open their `.ai`/EPS/PDF, hand back a file they can open | partial (doesn't block alpha) | `.ai`, EPS and PDF open as editable art, but real files can get the wrong layer structure (#951); Save As `.ai` is PDF-compatible, which Illustrator opens without its own editing data (#868), or legacy version 7, which keeps layers, groups and type as text, one artboard per file, and waits for users' testing. EPS legacy mesh corners, vector opacity masks and raster print-page comparison now preserve editable art under synthetic regressions. This is the beta main-format gap ([gaps.md](gaps.md) G9) | 10–20 (for beta) |
 
+Hindi interface follow-up (2026-11-06): the catalog and zero/one plural rule are implemented;
+native wording review, layout checks and a web Devanagari font remain. [Notes](localization-hi.md).
+
 ## Current focus
 
 1. **Interaction-fidelity pass** (G1) by tool, from [ui-parity.md](ui-parity.md): Pen and Curvature, Direct
@@ -175,6 +178,7 @@ separate. Scores and hours unchanged. [Behavior and command details](development
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
+| 2026-11-06 | minor | Hindi (`hi`): 7,877-row machine-assisted catalog, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Devanagari craft-fonts fallback; all 55 translation tests pass; native review and a web font remain; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-11-04 | minor | New Document: the units chosen in Preset Details belong to the chosen preset; Recent and Saved cards keep their own units; scores and estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-03 | minor | M7: the OpenType panel offers the selected font's available Stylistic Sets with custom or numbered names; estimates unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-03 | minor | M1: Enclosing Lasso adds freehand whole-object selection under Object › Plug-ins; estimates unchanged. |

docs/target-app-parity.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Parity with Adobe Illustrator
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-06 · **Change:** minor (Properties in Edit Artboards: a Transform section with the reference point above the Artboards section, #5219; the Control bar's Stroke: and Opacity: links scrub their fields, #4088; an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only where it shows (#4155); a document's first frame renders on the render worker, so opening a heavy file no longer freezes the window, #4155; Control bar Paragraph section with type selected, #5372; translating unchanged type reuses its glyph and character-stroke outlines; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x; public release notes through 30.7, August 2026)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-11-06 · **Change:** minor (Hindi catalog and contributor loanword preferences; full wording review in progress; Properties in Edit Artboards: a Transform section with the reference point above the Artboards section, #5219; the Control bar's Stroke: and Opacity: links scrub their fields, #4088; an image zoomed in on is separated, colorized or proofed only where it shows (#4155); a document's first frame renders on the render worker, so opening a heavy file no longer freezes the window, #4155; Control bar Paragraph section with type selected, #5372; translating unchanged type reuses its glyph and character-stroke outlines; scores and estimates unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x; public release notes through 30.7, August 2026)
 
 ## Feature submission evidence
 
@@ -670,6 +670,7 @@ Moved from the ROADMAP's "Shipped so far" on 2026-10-10. Update it when a featur
   - The dock's double arrow collapses Properties, Layers and Libraries to icons at the top of the icon column, popping out like the other icon panels, and expands them again (`window.collapseDock`, kept with the preferences and in saved workspaces). The icon column's own arrow (expanding the icon panels into a full column) is not done.
   - Window › Toolbars › New Toolbar… and New Toolbar… in the All Tools drawer's menu ask for a name and make a blank toolbar that floats on its own, moved by its title bar and listed under Window › Toolbars, whose item shows or hides it. The title bar's × hides it, and its double arrow shows its tools in one column or two. Its ••• button opens the All Tools drawer beside it, and tools dragged from the drawer fill it. The toolbars are kept with the workspace they were made in: switching workspaces shows that workspace's toolbars, Reset Workspace keeps them, and New Workspace starts the new workspace with a copy of them (<https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/tools.html>; `window.toolbar.new`, `window.toolbar.custom`, the `toolbar` param of `window.editToolbar` and `toolbar.addTool`/`removeTool`/`reset`; `tools_added_to_a_new_toolbar_survive_a_workspace_reload`).
   - Window › Toolbars › Manage Toolbars… and Manage Toolbars… in the All Tools drawer's menu open a dialog that lists the toolbars made with New Toolbar: a new name typed for the selected toolbar renames it, + copies it with its tools (with none selected, + makes a blank toolbar), and the trash can deletes it. Each change shows under Window › Toolbars and stays in the workspace (<https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/tools.html>; `window.toolbar.manage`, `window.toolbar.rename`, `window.toolbar.duplicate`, `window.toolbar.delete`; `manage_toolbars_renames_duplicates_and_deletes`).
+  - Hindi (2026-11-06): Hindi (`hi`): 7,877-row machine-assisted catalog, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Devanagari craft-fonts fallback; all 55 translation tests pass; native review and a web font remain; scores and estimates unchanged. [Terminology and limitations](localization-hi.md).
   - Czech render-site labels: desktop/web file filters, diagnostics, suggested preset names and contributor tooltips/plurals now use catalog lookups; gradients have Czech adjective agreement and printer marks have a separate context (PDF/Print and Summary). Search, Home, toolbar/panel tooltips and Preferences already look up their labels. Every complete catalog has rows for these labels and for the Roman and Japanese printer mark styles. Evidence: `i18n::tests::czech_render_site_follow_up`, `i18n::tests::complete_catalogs_translate_render_site_labels`, `dialogs::tests_modal::printer_mark_labels_are_distinct_from_language_names`; see [localization-parity.md](localization-parity.md).
   - The History panel, Edit › Undo and Edit › Redo translate the names of the steps that apply or redefine a character or paragraph style and of the step that redefines a graphic style: each such step keeps its template (`Apply {name}`, `Redefine {name}`, `Redefine Graphic Style “{name}”`) and the style's name, every complete catalog has a row for each template, and the panel and the menu show the style's name as the document holds it, except the Normal styles' names, which they show in the interface language (`steps_named_after_a_style_list_the_template_around_the_name`, `undo_and_redo_name_a_style_step_around_the_style_name`).
   - Localised UI: menus (in-window and native), panels, dialogs, toolbar and Preferences read from per-language catalogs (`crates/ui-egui/src/i18n`, see `docs/development.md`); Traditional Chinese (Taiwan), Simplified Chinese (mainland), Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Polish, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Ukrainian, Georgian and Catalan ship complete, and Czech covers every menu label (and more), with system-locale detection on macOS, Windows, Linux and the web (the browser's languages, or `?lang=`), a Language preference and, on macOS, a VectorCraft ▸ Language menu. Names are never translated (fonts and their styles, layers, artboards, saved presets, user libraries, custom workspaces, recent files, plug-ins).
@@ -1696,6 +1697,7 @@ Edit › Copy and Cut put the selected ruler guides on the clipboard, with the s
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
+| 2026-11-06 | minor | Hindi (`hi`): 7,877-row machine-assisted catalog, zero/one singular plurals, desktop font fallback and optional Devanagari craft-fonts fallback; all 55 translation tests pass; native review and a web font remain; scores and estimates unchanged |
 | 2026-11-06 | minor | Properties in Edit Artboards: a Transform section (reference point, X, Y, W, H, preset, orientation, Move and Scale Artwork) above the Artboards section (name, Artboard Options, Fill), X and Y of the shared reference point (#5219); evidence updated; scores unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-06 | minor | Scrubby labels: the Control bar's Stroke: and Opacity: links and the Properties panel's Stroke link scrub their fields; a click still opens the panel (#4088); evidence updated; scores unchanged. |
 | 2026-11-06 | minor | Control bar: Paragraph: link and Align left/center/right while type is selected, trimmed from the bar's right end after X/Y/W/H and the Align buttons (#5372); evidence added; scores unchanged. |