vectorcraft/crates/text/src/layout/driver.rs

use super::flow::flow;
use super::on_path::on_path;
use super::region::Region;
use super::ruby::ruby_layout;
use super::vertical::{EM_CENTER, QUARTER_TURN, align_vertically, finish_bounds};
use super::{
    Affine, BezPath, CharStyle, Ctx, FontDb, LayoutOptions, OtFeatures, Point, Rect, Shape, TextKind, TextLayout, TextObject, VerticalAlign,
    keep_lone_ligature_carets,
};

/// Lay out a text object into text-space glyph outlines (default [`LayoutOptions`]).
pub fn layout(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject) -> TextLayout {
    let a = &t.area;
    let opts = LayoutOptions {
        rows: a.rows,
        columns: a.columns,
        gutter: a.gutter,
        row_gutter: a.row_gutter,
        inset: a.inset,
        first_baseline: a.first_baseline,
        first_baseline_min: a.first_baseline_min,
        vertical_align: a.vertical_align,
        flow: a.flow,
        fit: a.fit,
        ..LayoutOptions::default()
    };
    layout_with(db, t, &opts)
}

/// Area type in a frame too short for its first line draws nothing (type that doesn't fit its frame
/// isn't drawn). For importers whose source shows that line: the frame is made taller, from its
/// top, by what the first line needs (vertical type's frame wider, from its right edge, where its
/// first column is). Whether it was.
pub fn fit_first_line(db: &FontDb, t: &mut TextObject) -> bool {
    let TextKind::Area { frame } = &t.kind else { return false };
    let across = |b: &Rect| if t.vertical { b.width() } else { b.height() };
    let Some(b) = frame.bounds().filter(|b| across(b) > 1e-6) else { return false };
    if !layout(db, t).lines.is_empty() {
        return false;
    }
    // The height of its first line (a column's width): the line's as point type, its baseline at
    // least Area Type Options › First Baseline's Min from the frame's top.
    let point = TextObject { kind: TextKind::Point, ..t.clone() };
    let min = if t.area.first_baseline_min.is_finite() { t.area.first_baseline_min.max(0.0) } else { 0.0 };
    let Some(need) = layout(db, &point).lines.first().map(|l| l.ascent.max(min) + l.descent) else { return false };
    // (A little more than it, for the rounding of the layout.)
    let by = (need + 0.05) / across(&b);
    if !(by.is_finite() && by > 1.0) {
        return false;
    }
    let taller = if t.vertical {
        frame.transformed(Affine::translate((b.x1, 0.0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(by, 1.0) * Affine::translate((-b.x1, 0.0)))
    } else {
        frame.transformed(Affine::translate((0.0, b.y0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, by) * Affine::translate((0.0, -b.y0)))
    };
    let short = std::mem::replace(&mut t.kind, TextKind::Area { frame: taller });
    // Something else keeps the line out (a frame narrower than a letter): as the source has it.
    if layout(db, t).lines.is_empty() {
        t.kind = short;
        return false;
    }
    true
}

/// Area type whose source lays out `lines` lines in its frame, more than fit here: a font that isn't
/// available shows in the fallback font, whose lines may reach lower, and the source may set a last
/// line whose descent passes the frame's bottom, which isn't drawn here. For importers: the frame is
/// made taller, from its bottom, by its lines' deepest descent plus 0.05 pt, when that lays out
/// more of the source's lines and no more than it has. Horizontal type only. Whether it was.
pub fn fit_source_lines(db: &FontDb, t: &mut TextObject, lines: usize) -> bool {
    let TextKind::Area { frame } = &t.kind else { return false };
    if t.vertical {
        return false;
    }
    let Some(b) = frame.bounds().filter(|b| b.height() > 1e-6) else { return false };
    let laid = layout(db, t);
    let have = laid.lines.len();
    if !laid.overflow || have == 0 || have >= lines {
        return false;
    }
    // The deepest descent of its lines (a little more, for the rounding of the layout).
    let Some(descent) = laid.lines.iter().map(|l| l.descent).reduce(f64::max).filter(|d| d.is_finite() && *d > 0.0) else { return false };
    let by = (b.height() + descent + 0.05) / b.height();
    if !(by.is_finite() && by > 1.0) {
        return false;
    }
    let taller = frame.transformed(Affine::translate((0.0, b.y0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, by) * Affine::translate((0.0, -b.y0)));
    let short = std::mem::replace(&mut t.kind, TextKind::Area { frame: taller });
    let now = layout(db, t).lines.len();
    if now > have && now <= lines {
        return true;
    }
    t.kind = short;
    false
}

/// The underline and strikethrough bars of `t` laid out as `layout` (#847): per run and line, a
/// bar from the stretch's first glyph to its last one's advance, placed and sized by the font's
/// own underline and strikeout metrics through the glyph's transform (so the size, baseline shift
/// and scaling follow) → (run, bar in text space). Type on a path and vertical type have none yet.
pub fn decorations(layout: &TextLayout, db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject) -> Vec<(usize, BezPath)> {
    let mut out = vec![];
    if layout.on_path || layout.vertical {
        return out;
    }
    let glyphs = &layout.glyphs;
    let mut i = 0;
    while let Some(g) = glyphs.get(i) {
        // The stretch: the glyphs of this run on this line, in a row. A list marker has no
        // underline or strikethrough.
        let marker = layout.marker_of(i).is_some();
        let end = glyphs
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .skip(i)
            .position(|(k, h)| h.run != g.run || h.line != g.line || layout.marker_of(k).is_some() != marker)
            .map_or(glyphs.len(), |n| i + n);
        let stretch = glyphs.get(i..end).unwrap_or_default();
        i = end.max(i + 1);
        if marker {
            continue;
        }
        let Some(style) = t.runs.get(g.run).map(|r| &r.style) else { continue };
        if !(style.underline || style.strikethrough) {
            continue;
        }
        let Some(face) = db.face_by_id(g.font_id) else { continue };
        let (x0, x1) = stretch.iter().fold((f64::INFINITY, f64::NEG_INFINITY), |(a, b), h| {
            let (s, e) = (h.origin.x, h.origin.x + h.advance);
            (a.min(s).min(e), b.max(s).max(e))
        });
        for (on, (offset, thickness)) in [(style.underline, face.underline), (style.strikethrough, face.strikeout)] {
            if !on {
                continue;
            }
            // Font units run y down in the glyph's transform: the bar's top is at -offset.
            let (top, bottom) = ((g.xf * Point::new(0.0, -offset)).y, (g.xf * Point::new(0.0, -offset + thickness)).y);
            let bar = Rect::new(x0, top.min(bottom), x1, top.max(bottom));
            if bar.width() > 0.0 && bar.height() > 0.0 && bar.width().is_finite() && bar.height().is_finite() {
                out.push((g.run, bar.to_path(0.1)));
            }
        }
    }
    out
}

/// The box of what `t` draws with text space mapped by `m`: its glyph outlines
/// ([`TextLayout::ink_bounds_in`]) and its underline and strikethrough bars ([`decorations`]). With
/// `projection` `(h, after)`, each point `m` maps is then drawn through `h` (a point `h` can't map
/// stays where it is, as the renderer draws it) and mapped by `after`; the outlines and bars are
/// flattened to within 1/1000 of their size, and images, color glyphs and inline graphics count by
/// their boxes' corners. What an envelope maps type from ([`register_envelope_ink`]). `None` when
/// nothing draws.
pub fn envelope_ink(t: &TextObject, m: Affine, projection: Option<(vectorcraft_geom::Homography, Affine)>) -> Option<Rect> {
    let db = FontDb::global();
    let laid = layout(db, t);
    let bars = decorations(&laid, db, t).into_iter().map(|(_, bar)| bar);
    let union = |acc: Option<Rect>, b: Rect| Some(acc.map_or(b, |a| a.union(b)));
    let Some((h, after)) = projection else {
        return bars.map(|bar| (m * bar).bounding_box()).fold(laid.ink_bounds_in(m), union);
    };
    let draw = |p: Point| {
        let q = m * p;
        after * h.apply(q).unwrap_or(q)
    };
    let add = |acc: Option<Rect>, p: Point| union(acc, Rect::from_points(p, p));
    let projected = |path: &BezPath| {
        let size = path.bounding_box();
        let tolerance = (size.width().max(size.height()) / 1000.0).max(1e-6);
        let mut points = vec![];
        kurbo::flatten(path, tolerance, |el| {
            if let kurbo::PathEl::MoveTo(p) | kurbo::PathEl::LineTo(p) = el {
                points.push(draw(p));
            }
        });
        points.into_iter().fold(None, add)
    };
    let corners = |r: Rect| {
        [Point::new(r.x0, r.y0), Point::new(r.x1, r.y0), Point::new(r.x1, r.y1), Point::new(r.x0, r.y1)].map(draw).into_iter().fold(None, add)
    };
    let glyphs = laid.glyphs.iter().chain(&laid.ruby).filter_map(|g| projected(&g.outline));
    let boxes = laid.glyphs.iter().flat_map(|g| {
        let image = g.placed_image().map(|(image, xf)| xf.transform_rect_bbox(image.rect()));
        let colour = g.colour.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.geometric_bounds()).map(|b| g.xf.transform_rect_bbox(b));
        [image, colour]
    });
    let boxes = boxes.chain(laid.inlines.iter().map(|i| Some(i.bounds))).flatten().filter_map(corners);
    glyphs.chain(bars.filter_map(|bar| projected(&bar))).chain(boxes).fold(None, union)
}

/// Make envelopes map type from [`envelope_ink`], measured again when the fonts or the hyphenation
/// exceptions change (the first registration stays, see `vectorcraft_doc::live::set_type_ink`).
pub fn register_envelope_ink() {
    vectorcraft_doc::live::set_type_ink(envelope_ink, envelope_ink_inputs);
}

/// A number that changes whenever what [`envelope_ink`] reads besides the type changes: the
/// installed fonts and the hyphenation exceptions.
pub(crate) fn envelope_ink_inputs() -> u64 {
    FontDb::global().generation().rotate_left(32) ^ crate::hyphen::exceptions_generation()
}

/// Most layout passes Shrink Text to Fit runs past the first (bisection plus the final pass).
const SHRINK_PASSES: usize = 11;

/// Lay out a text object with explicit options (area type rows/columns, inset, first baseline,
/// fit, composer, OpenType features). Each run is set at the em size its font height reference
/// gives it ([`FontDb::font_heights_resolved`]).
pub fn layout_with(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions) -> TextLayout {
    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-fonts"))]
    crate::test_fonts::count_layout();
    // The sizes the fits step and limit are the ones the Character panel shows (`shown`), whatever
    // em size a font height reference sets them at.
    let shown = t;
    let resolved = db.font_heights_resolved(t);
    let t = &*resolved;
    let first = layout_once(db, t, opts);
    match (opts.fit.min_scale(), &t.kind) {
        (Some(min), TextKind::Area { .. }) if first.overflow => shrink_to_fit(db, t, shown, opts, min).unwrap_or(first),
        (_, TextKind::OnPath { .. }) if t.dynamic_text => fill_path(db, t, shown, opts, &first).unwrap_or(first),
        _ => first,
    }
}

/// The document size of the first character of `t` (its run's size; an empty run before it draws
/// nothing), in tenths of a point. None when it is not a usable size.
fn first_size_tenths(t: &TextObject) -> Option<f64> {
    let points = t.style_scale()?.points;
    let run = t.runs.iter().find(|r| !r.text.is_empty()).or(t.runs.first());
    run.map(|r| r.style.size * points * 10.0).filter(|s| s.is_finite() && *s > 0.0)
}

/// Most layout passes Dynamic Text runs past the first (a guess, a search out from it, bisection).
const DYNAMIC_PASSES: usize = 11;

/// The sizes, in tenths of a document point, Dynamic Text keeps the first run's size within: 0.1
/// to 1,296 pt, the Character panel's range.
const DYNAMIC_TENTHS: (f64, f64) = (1.0, 12_960.0);

/// Dynamic Text for type on a path: the largest scale at which the text does not run past its end
/// bracket, so that it fills the span between its brackets. The first run's document size moves in
/// steps of 0.1 pt within 0.1 to 1,296 pt; at either limit the text keeps that size, and at the
/// smallest it may still overflow. Each guess is the size tried last times the span's length over
/// the length the text took there, which is exact for a straight span with no Spacing; a guess
/// outside the sizes still open gives way to a step out from the last one (doubling) or to
/// bisection. At most [`DYNAMIC_PASSES`] passes. `t` is laid out; the sizes are those of `shown`,
/// `t` before its font height references were resolved. None (keep `first`) when the text takes no
/// length, the span has none, or the text has no usable size.
fn fill_path(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, shown: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions, first: &TextLayout) -> Option<TextLayout> {
    let tenths = first_size_tenths(shown)?;
    let (min, max) = DYNAMIC_TENTHS;
    // The size in tenths that would fill the span, from a layout at `k` tenths.
    let guess = |k: f64, l: &TextLayout| -> Option<f64> {
        let (used, room) = l.path_fill?;
        let g = (k * room / used).floor();
        (used.is_finite() && used > 1e-9 && room.is_finite() && room > 1e-9 && g.is_finite()).then(|| g.clamp(min, max))
    };
    let mut next = guess(tenths, first)?;
    let at = |k: f64| -> TextLayout {
        #[cfg(test)]
        FIT_PASSES.set(FIT_PASSES.get() + 1);
        let f = k / tenths;
        let mut l = layout_once(db, &scaled(t, f), opts);
        l.fit_scale = f;
        l
    };
    // The largest size tried that fits, and the smallest that overflows, each with its layout.
    let mut fits: Option<(f64, TextLayout)> = None;
    let mut over: Option<(f64, TextLayout)> = None;
    let mut step = 1.0;
    for _ in 0..DYNAMIC_PASSES {
        let l = at(next);
        let guessed = guess(next, &l);
        if l.overflow {
            if over.as_ref().is_none_or(|(o, _)| next < *o) {
                over = Some((next, l));
            }
        } else if fits.as_ref().is_none_or(|(f, _)| next > *f) {
            fits = Some((next, l));
        }
        // The sizes still open lie strictly between the largest that fits and the smallest that
        // overflows, within the limits.
        let lo = fits.as_ref().map_or(min - 1.0, |f| f.0);
        let hi = over.as_ref().map_or(max + 1.0, |o| o.0);
        if hi - lo <= 1.0 {
            break;
        }
        next = match guessed.filter(|g| *g > lo && *g < hi) {
            Some(g) => g,
            None if fits.is_some() && over.is_some() => (lo + (hi - lo) * 0.5).floor(),
            // Everything tried fits: try larger. Everything tried overflows: try smaller.
            None if fits.is_some() => (lo + step).min(hi - 1.0),
            None => (hi - step).max(lo + 1.0),
        };
        step *= 2.0;
    }
    // The largest that fits, or at the smallest size (or at the pass limit) the smallest tried.
    fits.or(over).map(|(_, l)| l)
}

/// Shrink Text to Fit for text that overflows at full size: the largest scale in `min..1` at which
/// it fits, searched by bisection over the first run's document size in steps of 0.1 pt (so its scaled size
/// is a whole number of tenths of a point, the same every time). Down at `min` it lays out there,
/// still overflowing. `t` is laid out; the sizes are those of `shown`, `t` before its font height
/// references were resolved. None (keep the full-size layout) when the text has no usable size.
fn shrink_to_fit(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, shown: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions, min: f64) -> Option<TextLayout> {
    // Exact size edits after object scaling may store a local size below 0.1. Fit in the
    // same document points as the Character controls, independent of that representation.
    let points = shown.style_scale()?.points;
    let size = shown.runs.first().map(|r| r.style.size * points).filter(|s| s.is_finite() && *s >= 0.1)?;
    if !(min.is_finite() && min < 1.0) {
        return None;
    }
    let tenths = size * 10.0;
    if !tenths.is_finite() {
        return None;
    }
    // Candidate sizes k/10 pt for k in lo..hi: `hi` (full size, rounded down) is known to overflow
    // unless it is below the full size; `lo` is the smallest allowed.
    let mut lo = (tenths * min).ceil().max(1.0);
    let mut hi = tenths.floor();
    if hi < lo {
        hi = lo;
    }
    let at = |k: f64| -> TextLayout {
        let f = (k / tenths).clamp(min, 1.0);
        let mut l = layout_once(db, &scaled(t, f), opts);
        l.fit_scale = f;
        l
    };
    let mut passes = 0;
    let mut best: Option<TextLayout> = None;
    // `hi` itself may fit when the size isn't a whole number of tenths.
    if hi < tenths && hi > lo {
        let l = at(hi);
        passes += 1;
        if !l.overflow {
            return Some(l);
        }
    }
    // Invariant: everything at `hi` or above overflows; `lo` fits or is the floor.
    while hi - lo > 1.0 && passes + 1 < SHRINK_PASSES {
        let mid = (lo + (hi - lo) * 0.5).floor();
        let l = at(mid);
        passes += 1;
        if l.overflow {
            hi = mid;
        } else {
            lo = mid;
            best = Some(l);
        }
    }
    // `best` is the layout at `lo` once `lo` has moved; at the floor it still needs laying out.
    Some(best.unwrap_or_else(|| at(lo)))
}

/// `t` with every run's size, explicit leading, baseline shift and tate-chu-yoko offsets scaled by `f`, inline art's own
/// shift included (auto leading and the art's size follow the size; paragraph spacing stays).
/// Shrink Text to Fit lays `t` out as `scaled(t, f)`, where `f` is the layout's
/// [`TextLayout::fit_scale`], so the result holds the styles the text is drawn in.
pub fn scaled(t: &TextObject, f: f64) -> TextObject {
    let mut s = t.clone();
    for r in &mut s.runs {
        r.style.size *= f;
        r.style.leading = r.style.leading.map(|l| l * f);
        r.style.baseline_shift *= f;
        r.style.tcy_up_down *= f;
        r.style.tcy_left_right *= f;
        if let Some(a) = &mut r.inline {
            a.baseline_shift *= f;
        }
    }
    s
}

/// `t` in the styles its layout draws it in: [`scaled`] by the layout's
/// [`TextLayout::fit_scale`] when Shrink Text to Fit (area type) or Dynamic Text (type on a path)
/// scales it, `t` itself otherwise. Text with neither setting is not laid out.
pub fn drawn(t: &TextObject) -> std::borrow::Cow<'_, TextObject> {
    let fits = match &t.kind {
        TextKind::Area { .. } => t.area.fit.min_scale().is_some(),
        TextKind::OnPath { .. } => t.dynamic_text,
        TextKind::Point => false,
    };
    let f = if fits { layout(FontDb::global(), t).fit_scale } else { 1.0 };
    if f != 1.0 { std::borrow::Cow::Owned(scaled(t, f)) } else { std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(t) }
}

#[cfg(test)]
thread_local! {
    /// How many layouts Dynamic Text ran past the first on this thread ([`fit_passes`]).
    static FIT_PASSES: std::cell::Cell<usize> = const { std::cell::Cell::new(0) };
}

/// How many layouts Dynamic Text ran past the first on this thread.
#[cfg(test)]
pub(crate) fn fit_passes() -> usize {
    FIT_PASSES.get()
}

#[cfg(test)]
thread_local! {
    /// Set while [`layout_faces_per_call`] lays text out: layout keeps no run faces.
    static FACES_PER_CALL: std::cell::Cell<bool> = const { std::cell::Cell::new(false) };
}

/// [`layout`] keeping no run faces, so that every lookup of a face asks [`FontDb::style_face`]
/// again: the reference the faces kept per run are compared with.
#[cfg(test)]
pub(crate) fn layout_faces_per_call(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject) -> TextLayout {
    FACES_PER_CALL.set(true);
    let l = layout(db, t);
    FACES_PER_CALL.set(false);
    l
}

/// One layout pass, without fitting. Runs set in a composite font are laid out as the runs of one
/// class each that [`FontDb::composite_split`] makes of them; the glyphs, ruby and inline
/// graphics still name the runs of `t`.
fn layout_once(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions) -> TextLayout {
    let Some((split, from)) = db.composite_split(t) else { return layout_runs(db, t, opts, None) };
    let mut l = layout_runs(db, &split, opts, Some(t));
    let original = |run: &mut usize| *run = from.get(*run).copied().unwrap_or(*run);
    l.glyphs.iter_mut().chain(l.ruby.iter_mut()).for_each(|g| original(&mut g.run));
    l.inlines.iter_mut().for_each(|i| original(&mut i.run));
    l
}

/// [`layout_once`] for text set in no composite font: `t` itself, or with `set`, the pieces a
/// composite font splits `set` into (ruby readings take their style from `set`'s runs).
fn layout_runs(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions, set: Option<&TextObject>) -> TextLayout {
    let mut set_runs = Vec::new();
    let mut off = 0;
    for r in set.map(|s| s.runs.as_slice()).unwrap_or_default() {
        set_runs.push((off..off + r.text.len(), &r.style));
        off += r.text.len();
    }
    let text = t.plain_text();
    let mut runs = Vec::with_capacity(t.runs.len());
    let mut inlines = Vec::with_capacity(t.runs.len());
    let mut off = 0;
    for r in &t.runs {
        runs.push((off..off + r.text.len(), &r.style));
        // Only a well-formed inline run (one object replacement character) is a graphic.
        inlines.push(r.inline.as_ref().filter(|_| crate::edit::is_inline_text(&r.text)));
        off += r.text.len();
    }
    let mut paras = Vec::new();
    let mut s = 0;
    for (i, c) in text.char_indices() {
        if c == '\n' {
            paras.push(s..i);
            s = i + 1;
        }
    }
    paras.push(s..text.len());
    let vertical = t.vertical;
    let is_on_path = matches!(&t.kind, TextKind::OnPath { .. });
    let vopts;
    let opts = if vertical {
        vopts = LayoutOptions { features: OtFeatures { vertical: true, ..opts.features }, ..opts.clone() };
        &vopts
    } else {
        opts
    };
    let faces = runs.iter().map(|_| std::cell::OnceCell::new()).collect();
    #[cfg(test)]
    let faces = if FACES_PER_CALL.get() { Vec::new() } else { faces };
    let mut cx = Ctx {
        on_path: is_on_path,
        db,
        text: &text,
        faces,
        runs,
        set_runs,
        inlines,
        default: CharStyle::default(),
        opts,
        vertical,
        system_layout: t.system_layout,
        fractional_widths: t.fractional_widths,
        upright_cluster: None,
        tcy_block: None,
        out: TextLayout::default(),
    };
    // Vertical type: line space turned a quarter turn clockwise (lines become columns, each next
    // one to the left). Point type's anchor is on the first column's centre line. Vertical path
    // type stays on its path (each glyph turned across it in `emit`).
    let line_xf = match &t.kind {
        _ if !vertical => Affine::IDENTITY,
        TextKind::OnPath { .. } => Affine::IDENTITY,
        TextKind::Point => {
            let first = cx.style_at(0);
            let centre = cx.face_at(0).map_or(EM_CENTER, |f| f.ideographic_centre());
            Affine::translate((-centre * first.size, 0.0)) * QUARTER_TURN
        }
        _ => QUARTER_TURN,
    };
    match &t.kind {
        TextKind::Point => flow(&mut cx, &paras, t, None),
        TextKind::Area { frame } => {
            let to_lines = line_xf.inverse();
            let wrap: Vec<vectorcraft_doc::WrapShape> = if vertical {
                t.wrap.iter().map(|w| vectorcraft_doc::WrapShape { path: w.path.transformed(to_lines), ..w.clone() }).collect()
            } else {
                t.wrap.clone()
            };
            let mut regions = Region::cells(&(to_lines * frame.to_bezpath()), opts, &wrap);
            cx.out.frames = regions.iter().map(|r| line_xf.transform_rect_bbox(r.cell)).collect();
            flow(&mut cx, &paras, t, Some(&regions));
            if opts.vertical_align != VerticalAlign::Top {
                align_vertically(&mut cx, &paras, t, &mut regions);
            }
        }
        TextKind::OnPath { path, .. } => on_path(&mut cx, &paras, t, path),
    }
    // Ruby (furigana): placed over its base text in line space, before vertical type turns the
    // lines into columns, so the same pass puts it above (right in vertical type) and widens the
    // lines it sits on. Type on a path has no above/below; its ruby is left out for now.
    if !is_on_path && !t.ruby.is_empty() {
        ruby_layout(&mut cx, t);
    }
    if vertical && !is_on_path {
        // Glyph origins, outlines and transforms to text space (lines stay in line space).
        for g in &mut cx.out.glyphs {
            g.outline.apply_affine(line_xf);
            g.xf = line_xf * g.xf;
            g.origin = line_xf * g.origin;
            g.angle += std::f64::consts::FRAC_PI_2;
        }
        // Ruby glyphs are placed in line space too (upright, along the column, in the vertical
        // pass); the same turn takes them to text space.
        for g in &mut cx.out.ruby {
            g.outline.apply_affine(line_xf);
            g.xf = line_xf * g.xf;
            g.origin = line_xf * g.origin;
            g.angle += std::f64::consts::FRAC_PI_2;
        }
        for i in &mut cx.out.inlines {
            i.xf = line_xf * i.xf;
            i.bounds = line_xf.transform_rect_bbox(i.bounds);
        }
        cx.out.vertical = true;
        cx.out.line_xf = line_xf;
    }
    keep_lone_ligature_carets(&mut cx.out.glyphs);
    finish_bounds(&mut cx.out);
    cx.out
}